[carbapenem safety in penicillin-allergic patients: Tapimycin (piperacillin, tazobactam) and Mepem (meropenem) cross-reactivity]
Studies have shown that the risk of cross-reactivity between penicillins and carbapenems is relatively low. According to a systematic review and meta-analysis published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, the risk of cross-reactivity to any carbapenem in penicillin-allergic patients is around 0.87% (95% CI, 0.32-2.32%) (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31170539/). This suggests that many patients with a penicillin allergy can safely use carbapenems like meropenem, although careful consideration and possible consultation with an allergist are recommended.
Another study demonstrates that bedside meropenem allergy testing for hospitalized patients with reported penicillin allergies is safe and effective, with 96.4% of patients tolerating the procedure and only two experiencing non-severe reactions. This approach allows for the appropriate use of meropenem, avoiding less effective second-line antibiotics. Overall, the procedure enhances patient care and helps mitigate antibiotic resistance. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2023.02.008)
[lab data]
Bone marrow cell morphology and cell count
Hepatitis B and C
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[MultiTeam]
[chemotherapy]
[evaluating tacrolimus dosage for optimal concentration and monitoring WBC levels]
There is currently no record of diarrhea (diarrhea has resolved). The tacrolimus level increased to 4.4 ng/mL on 2024-07-29, which is closer to the lower limit of the recommended range of 5 ng/mL. According to the nursing medication and TDM records, the blood draw was conducted approximately 4 hours before the medication administration. If the records are accurate, the actual trough concentration might be even lower.
Increasing Prograf (tacrolimus 1mg) to 5# BID could be considered to reach the recommended concentration range. Alternatively, the dosage may remain unchanged, but the patient should be closely monitored for any signs of acute graft-versus-host disease based on clinical status.
WBC levels have dropped again, and filgrastim administration is ongoing.
[transfusion update and acute GVHD considerations]
Another transfusion of LPRBC and LRP was conducted on 2024-07-25 to replenish deficient HGB and PLT levels. The WBC count was 0.19 x10^3/uL, still below the target value, so filgrastim 300ug is being administered daily.
According to the progress note, the patient experienced diarrhea 7-8 times yesterday, which might indicate gastrointestinal symptoms of acute GVHD. If confirmed, adjusting tacrolimus to meet the recommended trough level may be considered.
[Monitoring Post-Transplant WBC Recovery and Tacrolimus Levels]
Today (2024-07-23) marks day 19 since the transplantation. An increase in WBC count is now evident. Liver and kidney function indicators are generally within normal ranges. However, recent tacrolimus levels have not reached the recommended range, and a dosage increase might be considered.
[adjusting tacrolimus dosage for optimal levels - TDM]
The patient is currently on Prograf (tacrolimus 1mg) 3# BID. A trough level test on 2024-07-22 showed 2.8 ng/mL, which is below the recommended range of 5-20 ng/mL. The dosage might be increased to 4# BID to reach the target level and reduce the risk of graft-versus-host disease.
[management of oral ulceration (tongue tie) in this neutropenic patient
]
The patient has developed an ulcer on the tongue tie. Currently, she is still in a neutropenic phase, which makes the use of Nincort Oral Gel (triamcinolone), due to its immunosuppressive effects, not recommended as it could further elevate the risk of infections. An alternative could be Parmason Gargle Solution (chlorhexidine) for oral rinsing and oropharyngeal decontamination.
[managing suboptimal tacrolimus trough levels in GVHD]
Tacrolimus is used for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) management.
For this patient, the initial oral tacrolimus should have been calculated as 0.12 mg/kg/day times 56 kg, equaling 6.72 mg/day. The actual regimen was 1mg twice daily (2mg total per day), with a trough level on 2024-07-12 of 1.3 ng/mL, which is below the recommended range of 5-20 ng/mL. It is advised to increase the dose to 3# BID and recheck the trough level 3 days after this adjustment.
The findings presented in the article provide evidence to support the aforementioned recommendation. “Early Post-Transplantation Tacrolimus Levels Correlate with Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation from Related and Unrelated Donors” - https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/128/22/3429/97989/Early-Post-Transplantation-Tacrolimus-Levels
[CMV prevention strategies in allogeneic transplant for AML]
Today at 10:00 in the ward meeting room, the attending physician Dr Gao conducted a family meeting for this patient with AML, detailing the risks of allogeneic transplantation and its significance as a treatment option.
Regarding CMV infection prevention discussed during the meeting, I have gathered the following information, which may be useful for the attending physician and nurse practitioner for reference.
UpToDate suggests that for CMV prevention - initial (induction) pre-emptive therapy, one of the following agents may be used:
Ganciclovir (available) 5 mg/kg IV every 12 hours
Valganciclovir (available) 900 mg orally twice daily is an acceptable alternative for patients who can tolerate oral therapy, especially in patients at low risk for CMV disease and who have low viral loads
Foscarnet (not available in this hospital) 60 mg/kg IV every 8 hours is an alternative for patients who cannot take ganciclovir or valganciclovir
Letermovir (available, temporary purchase item) is a potential alternative that has considerably less toxicity. It has not been studied for this indication in HCT recipients, but, in a phase IIa study in renal transplant recipients, letermovir pre-emptive therapy was found to be promising.
Maribavir (not available in this hospital) is a potential alternative to valganciclovir with similar efficacy but has more gastrointestinal toxicity and less myelosuppression.
[initiating posaconazole treatment]
According to the Sanford Guide, posaconazole should be administered with a loading dose of 300 mg BID for two doses, then switching to a maintenance dose of 300 mg QD.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
The patient underwent a PSA test as recommended by the urologist. The results were within normal limits. Additionally, no discrepancies were identified in the current medication regimen.
[bolus 5-fu omitted; oxaliplatin and diarrhea; microcytic anemia]
In the current treatment cycle started on 2024-04-11, the bolus dose of 5-FU was excluded from the dose-reduced infusional 5-FU in the FOLFOX regimen, with no records of bowel movements post-treatment available yet.
Both oxaliplatin and fluorouracil, components of FOLFOX, are associated with diarrhea, with oxaliplatin showing a 46% incidence rate for this side effect.
Persistent microcytic anemia has been noted with no sign of improvement.
If oral MgO supplementation fails to correct hypomagnesemia, intravenous MgSO4 could be considered as an alternative for magnesium supplementation.
2024-04-10 Mg (Magnesium) 1.6 mg/dL
2024-04-10 HGB 11.0 g/dL
2024-04-10 MCV 70.8 fL
[microcytic anemia - possible iron deficiency]
The patient had four bowel movements on 2024-03-18. Loperamide was added to his medication regimen to help manage this.
Lab findings are consistent with microcytic anemia. Iron supplementation may be beneficial to address this.
[exam findings]
2024-06-18, -05-13 CXR erect
2024-06-12 CT - chest
2024-05-09 2D transthoracic echocardiography
2024-04-23 Abdomen - supine (diaphragm)
2024-04-22 CXR erect
2024-04-22 Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography, ERCP
2024-04-19 PET
2024-04-15 Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography, ERCP
Duodenum
Papilla
Pancreatic duct
Common bile duct
Intrahepatic bile duct
Gallbladder
Others
2024-04-12 Patho - pancreas biopsy
2024-04-12 Endoscopic ultrasound, EUS
2024-04-09 Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangio Drain, PTCD
2024-04-09 CT - abdomen
2024-04-08 CXR erect
2024-04-08 SONO - abdomen
2024-03-06 CT - chest
2023-11-24 CT - chest
2023-10-02 Tc-99m MDP bone scan
2023-08-31 CT - chest
2023-07-18 Tc-99m MDP bone scan
2023-06-09 CT - chest
2023-03-13 CT - chest
2022-10-24 CT - chest
2022-08-01 CT - chest
2022-04-12 CT - chest
2021-12-20 CT - chest
2021-08-15 CT - chest
2024-04-13 Tc-99m MDP bone scan
2021-04-13 CT - chest
2021-01-18 CXR erect
2020-12-09 CT - chest
2020-10-15 CT - chest
2020-07-27 Tc-99m MDP bone scan
2020-07-24 MRI - brain
2020-07-23 CXR
2020-07-23 Patho - lung transbronchial biopsy
2020-07-23 CT - chest
2020-07-22 Bronchodilator Test, BDT
2020-07-20 CXR erect
2020-07-20 SONO - chest
[MedRec]
[immunochemotherapy]
2024-07-09 - oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 70mg D5W 250mL 2hr + irinotecan 150mg/m2 130mg D5W 250mL 1.5hr + leucovorin 400mg/m2 350mg D5W 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 2100mg D5W 500mL 46hr (FOLFIRINOX 70%)
2024-06-19 - (FOLFIRINOX 70%)
2024-05-29 - (FOLFIRINOX 70%)
2024-05-13 - (FOLFIRINOX 70%)
2021-04-15 - ramucirumab 600mg NS 250mL 90min (Cyramza)
2020-12-09 - durvalumab 240mg NS 250mL 1hr (Imfinzi)
2020-12-08 - ramucirumab 600mg NS 250mL 90min (Cyramza)
2020-11-11 - ramucirumab 600mg NS 250mL 90min (Cyramza)
2020-10-15 - ramucirumab 600mg NS 250mL 90min (Cyramza)
2020-09-17 - ramucirumab 400mg NS 250mL 90min (Cyramza)
2020-08-19 - ramucirumab 400mg NS 250mL 90min (Cyramza)
2020-07-27 - ramucirumab 400mg NS 250mL 90min (Cyramza)
[addressing infection and bilirubin rise in patient care]
Lab results showed elevated PCT and CRP, suggesting a possible infection. The patient is being treated with Cravit (levofloxacin) and Mepem (meropenem). Additionally, bilirubin levels have rapidly increased, primarily due to elevated conjugated bilirubin. Uliden (ursodeoxycholic acid) has been administered. No medication issues have been identified.
2024-08-01 CRP 16.1 mg/dL
2024-08-01 Procalcitonin (PCT) 9.36 ng/mL
2024-08-02 Bilirubin total 3.72 mg/dL
2024-08-01 Bilirubin total 3.37 mg/dL
2024-07-09 Bilirubin total 0.95 mg/dL
2024-06-18 Bilirubin total 0.76 mg/dL
2024-06-07 Bilirubin total 0.47 mg/dL
2024-08-02 Bilirubin direct 2.64 mg/dL
2024-06-18 Bilirubin direct 0.28 mg/dL
2024-05-29 Bilirubin direct 0.11 mg/dL
[lab data]
2024-02-07 Cryoglobulin Positive
2023-10-23 Cryoglobulin Positive
2023-06-02 HBsAg (NM) Negative
2023-06-02 HBsAg Value (NM) 0.438
2023-06-02 Anti-HCV (NM) Negative
2023-06-02 Anti-HCV Value (NM) 0.040
2023-06-02 Anti-HBc (NM) Positive
2023-06-02 Anti-HBc Value (NM) 0.009
2023-06-02 Anti-HBs (NM) Positive
2023-06-02 Anti-HBs value (NM) 18.200 mIU/mL
2022-02-04 Anti-HBc Reactive
2022-02-04 Anti-HBc-Value 7.63 S/CO
2022-02-04 Anti-HBs 31.17 mIU/mL
2022-02-04 HBsAg Nonreactive
2022-02-04 HBsAg Value 0.00 IU/mL
2022-02-04 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2022-02-04 Anti-HCV Value 0.07 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[Granocyte and blood glucose monitoring recommendations]
Granocyte (lenograstim) is scheduled for 3 consecutive days to treat the patient’s neutropenia (WBC 2.33 x10^3/uL on 2024-07-31).
Serum glucose levels were recorded at 236 mg/dL on the morning of 2024-04-11 on the TPR panel. However, there are no recent HbA1c or serum glucose (AC) data available in the HIS5 lab panel. It is recommended that these tests be conducted routinely for better blood glucose monitoring and control.
[considering hypoglycemic adjustment for elevated glucose; normal liver enzymes and potential cessation of baogan]
A CT scan conducted on 2024-04-08 revealed a suspected cystic tumor at the vaginal stump and hepatic tumors appeared unchanged. Subsequent lab tests on 2024-04-10 showed no significant abnormalities.
However, serum glucose levels, recorded at 293 mg/dL on the morning of 2024-04-11, were elevated despite current treatment with Forxiga (dapagliflozin) and Kludone (gliclazide). Should these high glucose levels persist, there may be a need to consider additional hypoglycemic agents to manage the patient’s condition.
Given the AST and ALT levels have remained within the normal range for several weeks, discontinuation of BaoGan (silymarin) might be considered.
[reconciliation]
A refill for a 28-day quantity of Omeprotect (omeprazole) and Dulcolax (bisacodyl) was recently completed on 2023-08-05, but these medications are currently not listed in the active medication records. Kindly assess whether these drugs are no longer required for the patient.
[reconciliation]
On 2023-07-08, the patient just refilled a 28-day supply of Omeprotect (omeprazole) and Dulcolax (bisacodyl), and on 2023-07-10 refilled a 30-day supply of Anxoken (metformin), Kludone (gliclazide), and Forxiga (dapagliflozin). However, metformin is currently absent from the active medication list, and a serum glucose level of 341mg/dL was recorded on 2023-07-19 at 16:16. It is advisable to determine if the omission of metformin is deliberate or due to the scheduling of a CT scan.
[lab data]
[exam findings] (not completed)
[chemotherapy]
[patient tolerates FOLFOX regimen well with grossly normal lab results]
Lab data on 2024-07-30 were generally normal, and the patient is well tolerated with the FOLFOX regimen. Baraclude (entecavir) has been properly administered for positive Anti-HBc (2024-01-09). No medication issues were found.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[immunochemotherapy]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[successful reduction of ca125 with paclitaxel and carboplatin]
The tumor marker CA125 readings have continued to decrease after initiating the paclitaxel and carboplatin regimen on 2024-06-17. Lab data on 2024-07-30 were generally acceptable. No medication discrepancies were identified.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
[Nexium (esomeprazole) tube feeding]
To prepare Nexium (esomeprazole) for administration through a feeding tube, use the Simple Suspension Method (SSM). The SSM involves administering tablets or capsules by disintegrating and suspending them in warm water without crushing or opening the capsule. This method allows the medication to be converted into a liquid form suitable for feeding tube administration.
[considering silimarin for (Brosym-induced?) hepatic enzyme elevation]
General urine examination:
The urine exam indicated a suspected infection. After Brosym (cefoperazone, sulbactam) was initiated on 2024-07-01, the patient’s body temperature has begun to decrease. Records show the patient has tachycardia, while respiratory rate and blood pressure remain stable, with an SpO2 of 95%.
Possible adverse reactions to Brosym include increased serum alanine aminotransferase and increased serum aspartate aminotransferase. It is unclear whether the elevation in hepatic enzymes occurred after starting Brosym, so continued monitoring is necessary. The addition of BaoGan (silymarin) might be beneficial.
2024-07-01 AST 91 U/L
2024-06-20 AST 35 U/L
2024-07-01 ALT 69 U/L
2024-06-20 ALT 18 U/L
[managing calcium oxalate crystals in urine]
The urine exam (2024-07-01) revealed calcium oxalate crystals. If this result is expected to cause problems, the medical management can aim to reduce urinary calcium oxalate saturation and oxalate production to minimize kidney oxalate deposition and delay the progression of kidney injury.
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[MedRec]
[managing pancytopenia with frequent blood transfusions]
Pancytopenia and a right-shifted WBC differential count were observed. Elevated CRP levels and normal PCT levels might suggest a viral infection or non-infectious inflammatory conditions.
The patient frequently receives blood products, so checking iron levels might be advisable.
2024-07-29 Procalcitonin (PCT) 0.09 ng/mL
2024-07-29 CRP 5.6 mg/dL
2024-07-29 Band 0.0 %
2024-07-29 Neutrophil 39.2 %
2024-07-29 Lymphocyte 41.2 %
2024-07-29 Monocyte 4.9 %
2024-07-29 Eosinophil 4.9 %
2024-07-29 Basophil 1.0 %
2024-07-29 Metamyelocyte 7.8 %
2024-07-29 Blast 1.0 %
2024-07-29 Atypical Lymphocyte 0.0 %
2024-07-29 Reticulocyte Ratio 2.250 %
2024-07-29 WBC 2.49 x10^3/uL
2024-07-29 HGB 7.5 g/dL
2024-07-29 PLT 22 *10^3/uL
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[immunochemotherapy]
[managing high alt, ast, and bilirubin levels]
ALT, AST, and bilirubin levels remain elevated. BaoGan (silymarin) and Uliden (ursodeoxycholic acid) are being used, and no medication discrepancies have been identified.
2024-07-29 ALT 122 U/L
2024-07-10 ALT 126 U/L
2024-06-25 ALT 154 U/L
2024-07-29 AST 129 U/L
2024-07-10 AST 108 U/L
2024-06-25 AST 132 U/L
2024-07-29 Bilirubin direct 0.60 mg/dL
2024-06-25 Bilirubin direct 0.44 mg/dL
2024-06-04 Bilirubin direct 0.50 mg/dL
[the current treatment regimen is not suspected to be the primary contributor to the patient’s established liver impairment]
The patient’s liver function tests have shown persistent abnormalities for several months, characterized by elevated levels of AST, ALT, and bilirubin. Notably, these abnormalities predate the initiation of the current Erbitux (cetuximab) plus FOLFOX regimen in Dec 2023. Therefore, a causal relationship between the treatment and the current liver impairment is not absolute likely.
[liver impairment history might not be current regimen related]
The patient’s liver function has remained abnormal for the past months, as indicated by consistently elevated AST, ALT, and bilirubin levels. The current regimen of Erbitux (cetuximab) plus FOLFOX was initiated in Dec 2023, while the elevated liver function test results occurred well before the regimen started. Therefore, it cannot be directly concluded that the regimen is the primary cause of the recent liver impairment.
2024-05-14 AST 125 U/L
2024-04-15 AST 110 U/L
2024-04-03 AST 113 U/L
2024-03-20 AST 131 U/L
2024-03-06 AST 138 U/L
2024-02-19 AST 138 U/L
2024-02-07 AST 155 U/L
2024-01-30 AST 134 U/L
2024-01-10 AST 148 U/L
2024-01-02 AST 104 U/L
2024-05-14 ALT 126 U/L
2024-04-15 ALT 111 U/L
2024-04-03 ALT 146 U/L
2024-03-20 ALT 148 U/L
2024-03-06 ALT 173 U/L
2024-02-19 ALT 174 U/L
2024-02-07 ALT 222 U/L
2024-01-30 ALT 172 U/L
2024-01-28 ALT 192 U/L
2024-01-10 ALT 208 U/L
2024-01-02 ALT 155 U/L
2024-05-14 Bilirubin direct 0.45 mg/dL
2024-04-15 Bilirubin direct 0.53 mg/dL
2024-03-20 Bilirubin direct 0.54 mg/dL
2024-02-19 Bilirubin direct 0.39 mg/dL
2024-01-30 Bilirubin direct 0.64 mg/dL
2024-01-02 Bilirubin direct 0.69 mg/dL
[updated imaging and further tests advised due to rising tumor markers]
The most recent imaging study was performed on 2024-02-21. Tumor markers CEA and CA199 showed signs of rising from their lowest levels. It might be advisable to update the medical imaging and/or obtain new marker readings through a blood draw.
2024-04-12 CEA (NM) 24.598 ng/ml
2024-03-12 CEA (NM) 23.991 ng/ml
2024-02-16 CEA (NM) 85.185 ng/ml
2024-04-12 CA-199 (NM) 1971.020 U/ml
2024-03-12 CA-199 (NM) 1451.260 U/ml
2024-02-16 CA-199 (NM) 7879.800 U/ml
[considering Uliden for bilirubin management and potential Baraclude dosage adjustment]
Given that the increase in bilirubin is primarily due to direct bilirubin, and considering the persistently high total bilirubin, adding Uliden (ursodeoxycholic acid 100 mg) at a dose of 1# QD might be an optional treatment to improve this condition.
Should HBV DNA PCR and HBeAb also be tested to determine if Baraclude (entecavir) should be increased from 0.5 mg to 1 mg?
[Avastin to Erbitux + FOLFOX: markers change support CT’s partial response]
The patient’s treatment regimen transitioned from Avastin + FOLFOX (last used in Nov 2023) to Erbitux + FOLFOX in Dec 2023. A CT scan comparison on 2024-02-21, showed findings consistent with the partial response observed on the prior CT scan from 2023-11-10.
Furthermore, these imaging results correlate well with the ongoing decline in CEA and CA199 tumor markers over the past 3 months. No medication issues found.
2024-03-12 CEA (NM) 23.991 ng/ml
2024-02-16 CEA (NM) 85.185 ng/ml
2024-01-16 CEA (NM) 211.760 ng/ml
2023-12-26 CEA (NM) 433.020 ng/ml
2023-11-28 CEA (NM) 737.500 ng/ml
2024-03-12 CA-199 (NM) 1451.260 U/ml
2024-02-16 CA-199 (NM) 7879.800 U/ml
2024-01-16 CA-199 (NM) 12838.000 U/ml
2023-12-26 CA-199 (NM) 19957.500 U/ml
2023-11-28 CA-199 (NM) 17565.000 U/ml
LFTs remained elevated, BaoGan is currently being used. Other labs were largely unremarkable.
No medication discrepancy found.
[high direct-to-total bilirubin ratio]
Lab data:
The ratio of direct bilirubin to total bilirubin showed an upward trend in the serial lab data. Normally, the ratio is less than 20%. A high ratio suggests a problem with the conjugation or excretion of bilirubin. Possible causes of a high ratio:
If primary biliary cholangitis is identified, the addition of Ursodiol (ursodeoxycholic acid) might be a treatment option.
[cetuximab toxicity: dose adjustment strategies]
Following the CT scan on 2023-11-10, which revealed multiple liver metastases indicating progressive disease, the treatment plan was altered from Avastin + FOLFOX to Erbitux + FOLFOX. The patient was admitted to receive the second session of the Erbitux + FOLFOX regimen.
Due to elevated levels of DBI, TBI, AST, ALT, and alkaline phosphatase, a reduced dose of the regimen was administered. Tumor markers CEA and CA199 continue to be elevated, and a significant downward trend has not been observed.
Our dermatologist has been consulted regarding the management of dermatologic toxicity and infectious sequelae associated with cetuximab, such as acneiform rash and mucocutaneous disease. The recommended approach for managing these side effects is as follows:
The refill of Baraclude (entecavir) prescribed by our gastroenterologist is included in the list of active medications with no discrepancy found.
A 28-day supply of Baraclude (entecavir) refilled on 2023-07-25 has been added as a current use item and no medication reconciliation issues found.
[liver function follow-up]
Observation shows a spike in liver enzymes, which exceeded 200 U/L in early June. Despite a visible decrease, the levels have not yet returned to the normal range. The patient is currently prescribed BaoGan (silymarin). At this time, there does not appear to be a need to change the treatment plan. Please continue to monitor the changes closely.
2023-07-26 S-GPT/ALT 97 U/L 2023-07-13 S-GPT/ALT 155 U/L 2023-07-07 S-GPT/ALT 101 U/L 2023-06-25 S-GPT/ALT 140 U/L 2023-06-21 S-GPT/ALT 156 U/L 2023-06-14 S-GPT/ALT 179 U/L 2023-06-10 S-GPT/ALT 235 U/L 2023-06-09 S-GPT/ALT 217 U/L 2023-04-26 S-GPT/ALT 27 U/L 2023-04-14 S-GPT/ALT 25 U/L
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[scheduled transfusions for managing pancytopenia, addressing elevated ALT with BaoGan]
Pancytopenia was noted, and a transfusion with 2 units of LPRBC and 2 units of LRP is scheduled. BaoGan (silymarin) has been prescribed for elevated ALT. No medication discrepancies were identified.
2024-07-30 WBC 1.47 x10^3/uL
2024-07-30 HGB 9.6 g/dL
2024-07-30 PLT 55 *10^3/uL
2024-07-30 ALT 109 U/L
2024-07-29 ALT 89 U/L
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[lab data]
2024-05-29 Anti-HBc Reactive
2024-05-29 Anti-HBc Value 6.30 S/CO
2024-05-29 Anti-HBs 61.54 mIU/mL
2024-05-29 HBsAg Nonreactive
2024-05-29 HBsAg Value 0.41 S/CO
2024-05-29 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2024-05-29 Anti-HCV Value 0.11 S/CO
2020-05-22 Urine Culture
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[optimizing Xyzal dosage for this patient with reduced CrCl]
When levocetirizine is used in patients with CrCl between 10 and 30 mL/minute, it is recommended to use 2.5 mg twice weekly (every 3 or 4 days). Please adjust Xyzal (levocetirizine 5mg) to 0.5 tablets every 3 days at bedtime (0.5# Q3D HS).
[frequent transfusions; adjusting treatment for severe anemia]
The patient had grade 3 and grade 2 anemia before receiving initial chemotherapy at our hospital in mid-June this year (HGB 7.8 g/dL on 2024-06-13, 8.0 g/dL on 2024-05-02). Prior to gastric surgery, the patient was prescribed B-Red (hydroxocobalamin).
During FOLFOX treatment at our hospital, the doses were reduced (Oxa 65mg/m², 5FU 2000mg/m²). Recently, the patient developed severe anemia with HGB < 6.5 g/dL (6.2 g/dL on 2024-07-26 and 6.1 g/dL on 2024-06-28), occurring after the 1st session and before the 2nd session (2024-07-27). It cannot be ruled out that the anemia is not exacerbated by chemotherapy.
The patient received blood transfusions on 2024-04-29, 2024-05-03, 2024-05-07, 2024-05-13, 2024-06-13, 2024-06-21, 2024-06-28, and 2024-07-26. If the patient cannot tolerate frequent transfusions and severe anemia occurs after the 2nd session of chemotherapy, adjusting the regimen might be necessary.
A bleeding scan on 2024-07-02 did not definitively identify the source of the bleeding. It is possibly originating from the ascending colon or a more proximal area, such as the small intestine. This suspected bleeding site should be prioritized for treatment.
Furthermore, despite multiple transfusions, the patient’s MCV has decreased from nearly 100 fL at the beginning of 2024 to around 80 fL. Iron deficiency has been ruled out by adequate ferritin levels. However, the patient’s poor renal function (eGFR 24) affects erythropoiesis. It might be advisable considering the use of ESA might help the patient reach an HGB target of at least 8.5.
2024-07-26 eGFR 24.34 ml/min/1.73m^2
2024-07-08 eGFR 31.23 ml/min/1.73m^2
2024-06-30 eGFR 33.01 ml/min/1.73m^2
2024-07-01 Ferritin 208.2 ng/mL
2024-04-01 Ferritin 27.3 ng/mL
2022-03-07 Ferritin 72.1 ng/mL
2020-06-03 Ferritin 15.8 ng/mL
2024-07-26 MCV 81.4 fL
2024-07-08 MCV 85.3 fL
2024-07-02 MCV 85.0 fL
2024-07-01 MCV 85.6 fL
2024-06-30 MCV 83.4 fL
2024-06-28 MCV 88.7 fL
2024-06-24 MCV 87.9 fL
2024-06-21 MCV 87.3 fL
2024-06-17 MCV 87.9 fL
2024-06-13 MCV 91.1 fL
2024-05-28 MCV 92.1 fL
2024-05-22 MCV 89.2 fL
2024-05-22 MCV 91.1 fL
2024-05-20 MCV 89.8 fL
2024-05-16 MCV 91.0 fL
2024-05-13 MCV 90.2 fL
2024-05-11 MCV 90.4 fL
2024-05-10 MCV 90.7 fL
2024-05-09 MCV 92.4 fL
2024-05-08 MCV 91.5 fL
2024-05-07 MCV 90.9 fL
2024-05-06 MCV 89.0 fL
2024-05-04 MCV 90.7 fL
2024-05-02 MCV 96.0 fL
2024-04-29 MCV 97.6 fL
2024-04-25 MCV 97.7 fL
2024-04-01 MCV 98.5 fL
2024-01-08 MCV 97.5 fL
[tube-feeding considerations for Pariet and Pentop]
Most proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are formulated with an enteric coating. This coating protects the medication from the acidic environment of the stomach, ensuring that it does not dissolve until it reaches the more neutral pH of the small intestine, allowing for proper absorption and effectiveness.
Pariet (rabeprazole) is available as enteric-coated tablets. It has been discontinued and replaced with injectable Panzolec (pantoprazole). If tube administration is still preferred, Takepron (lansoprazole) orally disintegrating tablets are a viable option.
Pentop (pentoxifylline) SR is designed as a sustained-release formulation due to its short half-life:
For tube-feeding, the sustained-release form needs to be broken down and administered in multiple doses to mimic the original sustained-release effect.
[h yponatremia & hyperkalemia: adrenal insufficiency might be suspected (Addison’s disease?)]
The patient has developed hyponatremia and hyperkalemia concurrently. It’s important to note that she is are not currently taking any diuretics.
2024-06-20 Na (Sodium) 127 mmol/L
2024-06-19 Na (Sodium) 126 mmol/L
2024-06-18 Na (Sodium) 128 mmol/L
2024-06-17 Na (Sodium) 129 mmol/L
2024-06-13 Na (Sodium) 139 mmol/L
2024-06-20 K (Potassium) 5.4 mmol/L
2024-06-19 K (Potassium) 5.7 mmol/L
2024-06-18 K (Potassium) 5.5 mmol/L
2024-06-17 K (Potassium) 5.7 mmol/L
2024-06-13 K (Potassium) 3.0 mmol/L
Glucocorticoid withdrawal unlikely: The single dose of betamethasone 4mg administered on 2024-06-14 as premedication for oxaliplatin is unlikely to cause glucocorticoid withdrawal symptoms.
Serum creatinine levels: While the serum creatinine has been ranging between 1.5 and 2.0 mg/dL recently, there haven’t been any signs of rapid worsening.
Possible cause: One potential explanation for this co-occurrence could be a mineralocorticoid deficiency.
Diagnostic suggestion: Testing cortisol and ACTH levels might be helpful in confirming this suspicion.
[unnecessary co-administration of 2 ARBs]
The following measures have been appropriately implemented:
However, the co-administration of two ARBs, Blopress (candesartan) and Diovan (valsartan), may not be necessary as they belong to the same therapeutic category and serve the same function.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[immunochemotherapy]
[exam findings]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[liver function remains abnormal]
Liver function tests continue to show elevated levels, indicating that the liver is still under stress, even with silymarin treatment. Regular monitoring is necessary.
[rising cea levels since august 2023, elevated liver enzymes in june 2024]
It appears that CEA levels reached their lowest point in Aug 2023 and have since been gradually rising. Additionally, liver enzymes ALT and AST have shown a noticeable increase compared to the previous month. BaoGan has been prescribed and will also be provided upon discharge. No medication discrepancies were identified.
2024-04-30 CEA (NM) 7.236 ng/ml
2024-03-15 CEA (NM) 6.671 ng/ml
2024-02-02 CEA (NM) 6.639 ng/ml
2023-08-29 CEA (NM) 4.708 ng/ml
2023-07-04 CEA (NM) 7.161 ng/ml
2022-12-29 CEA (NM) 31.350 ng/ml
2022-09-23 CEA (NM) 34.242 ng/ml
2022-07-05 CEA (NM) 360.500 ng/ml
2024-06-24 ALT 80 U/L
2024-06-03 ALT 85 U/L
2024-04-28 ALT 52 U/L
2024-04-15 ALT 53 U/L
2024-03-13 ALT 58 U/L
2024-01-29 ALT 59 U/L
2023-12-10 ALT 43 U/L
2023-11-13 ALT 34 U/L
2024-06-24 AST 51 U/L
2024-06-03 AST 49 U/L
2024-04-28 AST 30 U/L
2024-04-15 AST 36 U/L
2024-03-13 AST 36 U/L
2024-01-29 AST 37 U/L
2023-12-10 AST 35 U/L
2023-11-13 AST 31 U/L
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[ongoing treatment and monitoring for Ibrance and Femara regimen for managing neutropenia]
The patient has been taking Ibrance (palbociclib 75mg) and Femara (letrozole 2.5mg) daily for several months. While the latter is at the recommended dose, the standard dose for Ibrance is 125mg once daily for 21 days followed by 7 days off, repeated every 28 days. However, the actual palbociclib administration has been 75mg once daily for 14 or even 7 days, followed by 7 days off.
The patient has experienced neutropenia multiple times, with WBC counts not exceeding 3K/uL in recent months. Despite this, further dose reduction or interval increase for palbociclib is not recommended as it is already at the minimum recommended dose and administered less frequently.
Another reason for not adjusting the Ibrance dose or frequency is that tumor markers CA153 and CEA continue to decline, and imaging (MRI on 2024-07-05 and CT on 2024-04-08) showed that the disease remains controlled, indicating the current regimen is still effective.
If there is concern about the prolonged low WBC count leading to infection, the use of G-CSF might be considered.
2024-07-12 CA-153 66.283 U/ml
2024-04-12 CA-153 112.348 U/ml
2024-01-03 CA-153 107.046 U/ml
2023-10-09 CA-153 158.890 U/ml
2023-07-07 CA-153 234.040 U/ml
2024-07-12 CEA 4.785 ng/ml
2024-04-12 CEA 7.688 ng/ml
2024-01-03 CEA 10.442 ng/ml
2023-10-09 CEA 12.856 ng/ml
2023-07-07 CEA 36.463 ng/ml
2024-07-26 WBC 1.78 x10^3/uL **
2024-07-05 WBC 1.86 x10^3/uL **
2024-06-06 WBC 2.17 x10^3/uL *
2024-05-22 WBC 1.69 x10^3/uL **
2024-05-15 WBC 1.63 x10^3/uL **
2024-04-26 WBC 2.65 x10^3/uL *
2024-04-08 WBC 2.25 x10^3/uL *
2024-03-19 WBC 2.93 x10^3/uL *
2024-02-19 WBC 3.20 x10^3/uL
2024-01-22 WBC 2.91 x10^3/uL *
2023-12-27 WBC 1.86 x10^3/uL **
2023-12-06 WBC 3.08 x10^3/uL
2023-11-08 WBC 2.62 x10^3/uL *
2023-10-04 WBC 1.90 x10^3/uL **
2023-09-13 WBC 2.48 x10^3/uL *
2023-08-16 WBC 4.59 x10^3/uL
2023-08-12 WBC 3.08 x10^3/uL
2023-08-11 WBC 2.53 x10^3/uL *
2023-08-09 WBC 1.36 x10^3/uL **
2023-08-07 WBC 1.83 x10^3/uL **
2023-07-31 WBC 2.33 x10^3/uL *
2023-07-03 WBC 6.85 x10^3/uL
[leukopenia]
The patient’s primary medications include the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor palbociclib and the aromatase inhibitor letrozole. Palbociclib was initially prescribed at a daily dose of 125mg starting from late July this year, which was then reduced to 75mg daily from early August. Letrozole has been consistently administered at a daily dose of 2.5mg. The bone mineral density loss associated with the use of AI letrozole and bone metastases are being managed with zoledronic acid and calcium supplements.
Neutropenia, including grades 3 and 4, is a common observation in patients taking palbociclib. The median duration of neutropenia of grade >=3 is approximately 7 days. Cases of febrile neutropenia and neutropenic sepsis have also been reported. Neutropenia caused by palbociclib is rapidly reversible upon stopping the medication.
Our hospital currently stocks Ibrance (palbociclib) in 125mg, 100mg, and 75mg dosages. However, the patient is already on the lowest recommended dose of 75mg. Other CDK4/6 inhibitors like abemaciclib and ribociclib also have similar adverse effects of leukopenia.
According to the latest NCCN guidelines, for postmenopausal patients with ER (+), PR (+), Her2 (-) stage IV breast cancer, the recommended treatments include:
Both options involve the use of a CDK4/6 inhibitor. Given that the CT scan on 2023-12-27 showed disease regression, indicating that the current regimen is still effective in controlling the disease.
While some research suggests that G-CSF isn’t always necessary for managing neutropenia in CDK4/6 inhibitor-based treatments, it’s important to consider the differences between this and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Ref: Management of adverse events during cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor-based treatment in breast cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2018 Sep 3;10:1758835918793326.
Key Points: - CDK4/6 inhibitor-induced neutropenia (usually with palbociclib and fulvestrant) is typically less severe: - Grade 3/4 neutropenia usually resolves within 7 days. - Missing pancytopenia and lower infection rates compared to chemotherapy. - G-CSF may not be necessary. - Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia is more severe and frequent: - Grade 4 neutropenia in over 30% of patients within the first 4 cycles. - Up to 23% experience febrile neutropenia. - Mortality rate of around 5%. - CDK4/6 inhibitor-induced neutropenia shows a favorable profile: - Lower rates of both grade 4 neutropenia and febrile neutropenia compared to chemotherapy. - Neutropenia often decreases with each treatment cycle, suggesting no cumulative toxicity. - Aligns with the targeted mechanism of CDK4/6 inhibitors.
If the patient does not object, it may be possible to add testing for PIK3CA or AKT1/PTEN-activating mutations for reference in the future selection of drugs.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
2024-07-18 - cytarabine 30mg/m2 20mg NS 100mL Q12H 30min D1-7 (low dose Ara-C)
2024-06-11 - cytarabine 30mg/m2 20mg NS 100mL Q12H 30min D1-7 (low dose Ara-C)
2024-05-28 - azacitidine 100mg SC D1-3 (Vidaza)
2024-03-29 - cytarabine 30mg/m2 20mg NS 100mL Q12H 30min D1-7 (low dose Ara-C)
2024-03-19 - azacitidine 100mg SC D1-3 (Vidaza)
2024-03-05 - azacitidine 100mg SC D1-3 (Vidaza)
2024-02-20 - azacitidine 100mg SC D1-3 (Vidaza)
2024-02-06 - azacitidine 100mg SC D1-3 (Vidaza)
2024-01-15 - cytarabine 30mg/m2 30mg NS 100mL Q12H 30min D1-7 (low dose Ara-C)
[alternate day dosing of Targocid for renal adjustment]
This patient has been prescribed Targocid (teicoplanin 800mg) QD, and her eGFR was 43.06 ml/min/1.73m² on 2024-07-26.
According to the Sanford Guide, the renal adjustment for this medication should be 6-12 mg/kg every other day. For this patient, with a body weight of 70 kg, it is recommended to adjust the dosage interval to alternate days.
[managing unstable AML with cytarabine and venetoclax]
Lab data:
The patient’s AML control is unstable. The blast percentage reduction with Vidaza (azacitidine) is less effective than with cytarabine, but the effect of cytarabine (maintaining blasts < 20%) lasts only about two weeks. According to our hospital’s chemotherapy protocol (version 2023-02-20), the administration method from the reference “Cancer. 2007 Mar 15;109(6):1114-24” for low dose Ara-C is 20 mg twice daily for 10 days, whereas the patient received it for only 7 days.
Given the patient’s ECOG PS is 2, low dose cytarabine combination therapy might be considered. The oral BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax is covered by NHI, with the reimbursement rule requiring it to be used with low-dose cytarabine for newly diagnosed AML patients who cannot undergo high-intensity chemotherapy:
[pre-existing anemia and thrombocytopenia complicate chemotherapy assessment]
The patient was diagnosed with AML at the beginning of this year. Throughout the HIS5 lab data, her HGB and PLT levels have never reached the lower limit of the normal range, even with 18 blood transfusions. The persistent anemia and thrombocytopenia developed even before the initialization of chemotherapy (2024-01-15).
Both azacitidine and cytarabine are known to be associated with anemia and thrombocytopenia, so the contribution of chemotherapy cannot be ruled out. However, given the patient’s pre-existing anemia and thrombocytopenia, it is difficult to determine the extent to which chemotherapy has contributed.
2024-04-20 HGB 7.8 g/dL
2024-04-17 HGB 7.3 g/dL
2024-04-11 HGB 7.6 g/dL
2024-04-04 HGB 6.8 g/dL
2024-04-01 HGB 6.5 g/dL
2024-03-28 HGB 7.8 g/dL
2024-03-26 HGB 7.5 g/dL
2024-03-21 HGB 7.9 g/dL
2024-03-19 HGB 8.3 g/dL
2024-03-12 HGB 7.8 g/dL
2024-03-05 HGB 7.1 g/dL
2024-02-20 HGB 7.2 g/dL
2024-02-06 HGB 7.5 g/dL
2024-01-31 HGB 8.6 g/dL
2024-01-24 HGB 8.5 g/dL
2024-01-22 HGB 7.9 g/dL
2024-01-18 HGB 8.2 g/dL
2024-01-15 HGB 7.8 g/dL
2024-01-11 HGB 7.9 g/dL
2024-01-08 HGB 6.8 g/dL
2024-01-05 HGB 8.2 g/dL
2024-01-04 HGB 6.7 g/dL
2024-01-03 HGB 6.9 g/dL
2024-06-09 PLT 29 *10^3/uL
2024-06-04 PLT 24 *10^3/uL
2024-05-28 PLT 16 *10^3/uL
2024-05-14 PLT 24 *10^3/uL
2024-04-30 PLT 30 *10^3/uL
2024-04-22 PLT 94 *10^3/uL
2024-04-20 PLT 30 *10^3/uL
2024-04-17 PLT 35 *10^3/uL
2024-04-11 PLT 3 *10^3/uL
2024-04-04 PLT 55 *10^3/uL
2024-04-01 PLT 36 *10^3/uL
2024-03-28 PLT 103 *10^3/uL
2024-03-26 PLT 25 *10^3/uL
2024-03-21 PLT 94 *10^3/uL
2024-03-19 PLT 33 *10^3/uL
2024-03-12 PLT 23 *10^3/uL
2024-03-05 PLT 39 *10^3/uL
2024-02-20 PLT 44 *10^3/uL
2024-02-06 PLT 63 *10^3/uL
2024-01-31 PLT 8 *10^3/uL
2024-01-24 PLT 65 *10^3/uL
2024-01-22 PLT 17 *10^3/uL
2024-01-18 PLT 83 *10^3/uL
2024-01-15 PLT 22 *10^3/uL
2024-01-11 PLT 33 *10^3/uL
2024-01-08 PLT 11 *10^3/uL
2024-01-05 PLT 64 *10^3/uL
2024-01-04 PLT 134 *10^3/uL
2024-01-03 PLT 40 *10^3/uL
A low dose of Ara-C was administered (again) on 2024-03-29, resulting in a reduction of peripheral blast percentage to around 5%. Concurrently, grade 3 anemia has developed, suggesting the need for LPRBC transfusion.
2024-04-04 Blast 5.1 %
2024-04-01 Blast 4.5 %
2024-03-28 Blast 19.2 %
2024-04-04 HGB 6.8 g/dL
2024-04-01 HGB 6.5 g/dL
[persistent blast percentage despite chemotherapy, considering LPRBC transfusion]
The patient underwent a 7-day low-dose Ara-C treatment starting on 2024-01-15, followed by four biweekly 3-day sessions of 100mg azacitidine, concluding on 2024-03-21.
Despite these treatments, the blast percentage in the peripheral blood rose from a nadir of 1.1% on 2024-01-22 to approximately 20%, indicating that remission was not achieved. With hemoglobin levels below 8 g/dL, a leukapheresis red blood cell (LPRBC) transfusion may be necessary if symptoms persist.
2024-03-28 Blast 19.2 %
2024-03-26 Blast 21.6 %
2024-03-21 Blast 22.2 %
2024-03-19 Blast 21.0 %
2024-03-12 Blast 13.5 %
2024-03-05 Blast 12.8 %
2024-01-22 Blast 1.1 %
2024-01-18 Blast 3.2 %
2024-01-15 Blast 7.7 %
2024-01-11 Blast 7.2 %
2024-01-08 Blast 6.1 %
2024-03-28 HGB 7.8 g/dL
2024-03-26 HGB 7.5 g/dL
2024-03-21 HGB 7.9 g/dL
After 5 days of hydroxyurea treatment (500mg BID from 2024-01-04 to 2024-01-08), the blast percentage in peripheral blood significantly reduced from nearly 20% to below 10%.
Hydroxyurea can be used off-label for cytoreduction in AML, effectively normalized the WBC count to 4.1K/uL by 2024-01-08. Consequently, further administration of hydroxyurea is currently unnecessary.
[MedRec]
[immunochemotherapy]
[Proper Storage and Usage of Flumarin (Flomoxef Sodium)]
According to the Flumarin (flomoxef sodium) package insert, the medication should be used as soon as possible after preparation. If it must be prepared in advance, it should be used within 6 hours when stored at room temperature or within 24 hours when refrigerated.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[delaying folfox treatment due to low ANC levels]
Recent lab results from 2024-07-24 show a WBC count of 1.35K, a neutrophil percentage of 46.2%, thus an estimated ANC of 624/uL. The planned FOLFOX treatment is recommended to be delayed until the ANC rises above 1500/uL. In urgent cases, the ANC should be above 1000/uL before administration.
[lab data]
2024-03-30 Anti-HBc Nonreactive
2024-03-30 Anti-HBc Value 0.10 S/CO
2024-03-30 Anti-HBs 6.47 mIU/mL
2024-03-30 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2024-03-30 Anti-HCV Value 0.08 S/CO
2024-03-30 HBsAg Nonreactive
2024-03-30 HBsAg Value 0.54 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
[effectiveness of FOLFOX regimen under scrutiny]
The treatment regimen was shifted from FOLFIRI to FOLFOX following CT and MRI scans in late May that showed disease progression. No new CT or MRI scans have been conducted since then. However, both CEA and CA199 levels have shown a significant upward trend, suggesting that the new regimen may be less effective than expected.
2024-07-16 CEA 38.49 ng/mL
2024-06-04 CEA 18.95 ng/mL
2024-05-22 CEA 20.73 ng/mL
2024-04-25 CEA 14.20 ng/mL
2024-07-16 CA199 294.03 U/mL
2024-06-04 CA199 201.21 U/mL
2024-05-22 CA199 183.95 U/mL
2024-04-25 CA199 129.01 U/mL
[elevated tumor markers amidst normal lab results; Avastin + FOLFIRI administration deemed appropriate]
With the exception of elevated tumor markers CEA at 27 ng/mL and CA199 at 224 U/mL, lab results from 2024-03-27 were largely within normal parameters. Given these findings, the administration of Avastin + FOLFIRI on 2024-03-29 appears to be medically appropriate without contraindications based on the lab data. Additionally, a review of the medication records revealed no discrepancies.
[lab data]
2024-07-23 HBsAg Nonreactive
2024-07-23 HBsAg Value 0.26 S/CO
2024-07-23 Anti-HBc Reactive
2024-07-23 Anti-HBc Value 1.63 S/CO
2024-07-23 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2024-07-23 Anti-HCV Value 0.06 S/CO
[exam findings]
[immunochemotherapy]
[exam findings]
[lab data]
2024-07-17 Anti HTLV I/II Nonreactive
2024-07-17 Anti HTLV I/II Value 0.05 S/CO
2024-07-17 Anti-HBc Reactive
2024-07-17 Anti-HBc Value 5.13 S/CO
2024-07-17 Anti-HBs 38.56 mIU/mL
2024-07-17 HBsAg Nonreactive
2024-07-17 HBsAg Value 0.28 S/CO
2024-07-17 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2024-07-17 Anti-HCV Value 0.07 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
(not posted yet)
Testing for human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) can sometimes be helpful for people who appear to have peripheral T-cell lymphoma. In rare cases, HTLV can cause adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. This type of T-cell lymphoma can look very similar to peripheral T-cell lymphoma, but is treated differently. The anti HTLV I/II showed nonreactive and the value was 0.05 S/CO on 2024-07-17.
People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) tend to have a weakened immune system. So if the patient has peripheral T-cell lymphoma, it might be beneficial to know whether she also has HIV
[MedRec]
[immunochemotherapy]
[monitoring diarrhea occurrence after chemotherapy dosage adjustment]
Palliative chemotherapy with FOLFIRI was started on 2024-01-24, and Avastin was added on 2024-02-15. This regimen has been in use for approximately six months. Although both irinotecan and fluorouracil can cause diarrhea, the patient has tolerated them well in the past. This raises the question of whether the patient’s condition or physiology has changed, warranting further investigation.
The most recent administration of Avastin + FOLFIRI was on 2024-07-19, with the dosage adjusted to 80% of the previous amount. This is a reasonable measure, and further observation is needed to determine if diarrhea still occurs.
[lab data]
2024-03-13 HBV-DNA-PCR 110000 IU/mL
2024-03-11 Anti-HBs 5.31 mIU/mL
2024-03-11 Anti-HBc Reactive
2024-03-11 Anti-HBc Value 6.06 S/CO
2024-03-11 Anti-HBe Reactive
2024-03-11 Anti-HBe Ratio 0.26 S/CO
2024-03-11 HBsAg Reactive
2024-03-11 HBsAg Value 348.93 S/CO
2024-03-11 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2024-03-11 Anti-HCV Value 0.06 S/CO
2024-03-11 HIV Ab-EIA Nonreactive
2024-03-11 Anti-HIV Value 0.04 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[immunochemotherapy]
[not meeting ANC threshold for R-CHOP]
WBC lab data:
ANC = (60.2% + 1.0%) / 100 * 2.15 x 10K/uL = 1.31 x 10K/uL
The generally accepted minimum ANC threshold for administering the R-CHOP regimen is 1,500 cells/μL. It is recommended to delay the treatment until ANC is > 1500/microL and platelet count is > 100K/uL.
[regular LVEF monitoring recommended]
This patient frequently visits the cardiology department at our hospital, with records dating back to 2017. Recent diagnoses include:
On 2024-03-18, a 2D transthoracic echocardiography estimated the LVEF at 64%. Using liposomal doxorubicin instead of conventional doxorubicin can reduce the incidence of cardiomyopathy (though not eliminate all the risk). It is recommended to regularly measure LVEF during treatment to monitor for cardiomyopathy.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[immunochemotherapy]
[LPRBC transfusion for chemotherapy-induced anemia]
Blood transfusion of 2 units LPRBC administered on 2024-07-23, due to anemia (hemoglobin 8.5 g/dL) secondary to chemotherapy. No medication-related issues identified.
[Sevatrim Dose Adjustment for Pneumocystis Pneumonia]
P. jiroveci DNA PCR test returned positive on 2024-06-20. Subsequently, treatment with TMP-SMX Sevatrim (sulfamethoxazole 400mg, trimethoprim 80mg; 5mL/vial) 10mL Q6H was initiated on 2024-06-23. This translates to a daily TMP dose of 640mg.
For the treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), the recommended dosage range for TMP is 15 to 20 mg/kg/day. Based on the patient’s weight of 51.6 kg as of 2024-06-25, the ideal daily TMP dose would be between 774mg and 1032mg. To achieve this target dose, Sevatrim administration can be adjusted to:
This may switch to oral after clinical improvement; treat for a total of 21 days.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[exam findings]
2024-07-22 KUB
2024-07-22 CXR erect
2024-07-22 ECG
2024-07-17, -07-11 KUB
2024-07-17 CXR erect
2024-07-12 Tc-99m MDP bone scan
2024-07-04 EGD
2024-07-03 CT - abdomen
2024-07-03 ECG
2024-04-22 CT - abdomen
2024-03-28 Tc-99m MDP bone scan with SPECT
2024-01-18 CT - abdomen
2023-11-03 All-RAS + BRAF mutation
2023-10-04 CT - abdomen
2023-06-26 CT - abdomen
2023-06-26 CXR
2023-06-26 ECG
2023-05-31 CT - abdomen
2023-05-24 Peripheral Echography
2023-05-24 2D transthoracic echocardiography
2023-04-07, -02-23 CXR
2023-02-23 CT - abdomen
2023-01-27 Colonoscopy
2023-01-27 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, EGD
2022-11-14 CT - abdomen
2022-10-12 Carotid angiography bilat. Vertebral angiography
2022-10-12 Aortography - thoracic
2022-10-11 ECG
2022-09-20 MRA - brain
2022-07-25 CT - chest
2022-06-27 2D transthoracic echocardiography
2022-06-21 CTA - chest
2022-06-21 Vein Sonography
2022-06-21 2D transthoracic echocardiography
2022-06-17 Patho - soft tissue tumor, extensive resection
……
2021-02-18 Patho - colon segmental resection for tumor
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[evaluating treatment resistance: 4-fold increase in tumor markers and disease progression]
Lab results showed a fourfold increase in both CEA and CA199 tumor markers in July. Early July CT scans revealed suspected mechanical colonic obstruction secondary to metallic stent occlusion, progressive liver and lung metastases, and enlarged metastatic nodes in the paratracheal and para-aortic spaces. These indicate that the disease has developed resistance to the Erbitux + FOLFIRI regimen. Next-line therapy might need to be considered.
2024-07-22 CEA (NM) 27.397 ng/ml
2024-07-02 CEA (NM) 7.355 ng/ml
2024-05-10 CEA (NM) 6.076 ng/ml
2024-04-17 CEA (NM) 4.699 ng/ml
2024-04-09 CEA (NM) 4.572 ng/ml
2024-03-22 CEA (NM) 4.149 ng/ml
2024-02-27 CEA (NM) 2.899 ng/ml
2024-07-22 CA-199 (NM) 25.661 U/ml
2024-07-02 CA-199 (NM) 6.732 U/ml
2024-05-10 CA-199 (NM) 7.109 U/ml
2024-04-17 CA-199 (NM) 6.103 U/ml
[propranolol dosage consideration following new BP data]
Lab data from 2024-01-29 and vital signs from the TPR panel appear largely within normal limits. However, the BP reading on the morning of 2024-01-30 was 98/51 mmHg, which is not considered high. Based on the clinical context, it might be feasible to slightly reduce the dosage of Propranolol (Propranolol) if deemed appropriate.
[leukopenia]
The temporal changes in the WBC count are summarized in the following table, where records marked with an asterisk represent WBC counts < 3K/uL.
The dosage of irinotecan used on 2023-06-20 was adjusted down from the standard 180mg/m2 to 160mg/m2.
On 2023-07-03, the ANC was 2.81K/uL x 41.9% = 1177/uL, which is a grade 2 neutropenia (1000~1499/uL). If this value occurs during a therapy cycle, a further decrease of 20mg/m2 to 140mg/m2 could be considered.
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surigcal operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
[medication]
Lab results on 2024-05-24 were grossly normal and TPR readings during this hospitalization appear to be stable. No medication discrepancies were identified after review of HIS5 and PharmaCloud database.
[monitoring elevated glucose and lipid levels]
The patient exhibited elevated levels of blood lipids and serum glucose. Regular monitoring is advised to determine if any intervention is necessary.
[lab data]
2023-06-19 JAK2 single site mutation Undetectable
2023-06-14 HBsAg (NM) Negative
2023-06-14 HBsAg Value (NM) 0.392
2023-06-14 Anti-HCV (NM) Negative
2023-06-14 Anti-HCV Value (NM) 0.047
2023-06-14 Anti-HBc (NM) Positive
2023-06-14 Anti-HBc Value (NM) 0.009
2023-06-14 Anti-HBs (NM) Negative
2023-06-14 Anti-HBs value (NM) 4.930 mIU/mL
2023-03-13 CK 14 U/L
2023-03-03 Zinc,Zn 648 ug/L
2023-02-16 ANA Homogeneous 1:1280; Speckled 1:1280
2023-02-15 Anti-ds DNA Antibody 5.6 IU/ml
2023-02-15 Anti-ENA(Jo-1) EliA U/ml
2023-02-15 Anti Jo-1 antibody 0.3 EliA U/ml
2023-02-15 Anti-ENA (Scl-70) EliA U/ml
2023-02-15 Anti-ENA Scl-70 Ab 2.0 EliA U/ml
2023-02-14 ESR 31 mm/hr
2023-02-09 CK 10 U/L
2021-05-15 ESR 45 mm/hr
2021-03-17 LA1 52.8 sec
2021-03-17 LA2 38.0 sec
2021-03-17 LA1/LA2 ratio 1.1
2021-03-13 ESR 33 mm/hr
2020-07-04 Ferritin 101.9 ng/mL
2020-05-20 ESR 44 mm/hr
2020-05-14 Aspergillus Ag Negative
2020-05-14 Aspergillus Ag Value 0.13 Ratio
2020-05-06 LA1 51.4 sec
2020-05-06 LA2 39.4 sec
2020-05-06 LA1/LA2 ratio 1.1
2020-05-05 Anti-beta2-glycoprotein-I Ab 3.5 U/mL
2020-05-05 Anti-cardiolipin-IgM 3.0 MPL U/mL
2020-05-05 Anti-cardiolipin IgG GPL-U/mL
2020-05-05 Anti-Cardiolopin 8.0 GPL-U/mL
2020-05-05 Anti-ENA Sm 7.0 EliA U/ml
2020-05-05 Anti-ENA RNP 2.4 EliA U/ml
2020-05-05 Anti-ds DNA Antibody 14 IU/ml
2020-05-05 C4 30.4 mg/dL
2020-05-05 C3 102.8 mg/dL
2020-04-20 Aspergillus Ag Positive
2020-04-20 Aspergillus Ag Value 0.5 Ratio
2020-04-20 Anti-ENA SS-A (Ro) >2400 EliA U/ml
2020-04-20 Anti-ENA SS-B (La) >3200 EliA U/ml
2020-04-20 ANA Homogeneous ; 1:1280
2020-04-17 Cryptococcus Ag Negative
2020-04-17 Antibody Identification Anti-M
2020-04-15 Anti-ENA Sm 7.5 EliA U/ml
2020-04-15 Anti-ENA RNP 2.4 EliA U/ml
2020-04-15 Anti-ds DNA Antibody 14 IU/ml
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[azacitidine skin reactions is managed]
Skin symptoms have developed following the administration of azacitidine during this and the previous hospitalization. Currently, Allegra (fexofenadine) is being used to manage these symptoms, with observation to assess control effectiveness.
Azacitidine may cause various dermatologic issues such as ecchymoses (31%), erythema (7%-17%), pruritus (12%), and rashes (10%-14%). For subcutaneous injections, it is advised to rotate injection sites (upper arms, thighs, or abdomen) to avoid complications. New injection sites should be at least 2.5 cm apart from previous ones, and injections should not be administered into areas that are tender, bruised, red, or hardened.
Recent lab results from 2024-04-16 show a WBC count of 21.2K, a neutrophil percentage of 26.2%, an estimated ANC of 5.55K, and stable temperatures not exceeding 37 degrees Celsius.
Xerostomia is being treated with Evoxac (cevimeline), Plaquenil (hydroxychloroquine), and Celebrex (celecoxib), with no discrepancies in medication found.
[initiating azacitidine for CMML-MDS, monitoring respiratory risks]
Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia-Myelodysplastic Syndrome (CMML-MDS) is likely, given that the dysplastic characteristic (WBC frequently < 13K/uL). Hypomethylating agents such as azacitidine and decitabine have been shown to provide symptomatic relief in patients with CMML, particularly for symptoms related to cytopenia. In this instance, azacitidine treatment was initiated on 2024-03-14 at a standard dosage of 75 mg/m2/day for 7 days within a 28-day treatment cycle. Renal and liver functions were reviewed and, based on the laboratory data from 2024-03-13, are deemed adequate to tolerate this dosage.
Subsequent cycles might planned at 75 mg/m2/day for 7 days every 4 weeks. The dosage might be increased to 100 mg/m2/day if no improvement is observed after 2 cycles and no significant toxicity is noted beyond nausea and vomiting.
A Network Meta-Analysis comparing azacitidine (AZA) and decitabine (DAC) found no statistically significant differences in efficacy, although DAC showed a higher CR rate than AZA in patients with both AML and MDS. There appears to be no clear superiority between the two agents regarding response rates. However, patients receiving DAC experienced more frequent grade 3/4 cytopenias, notably anemia, febrile neutropenia, and leukopenia, compared to those receiving AZA treatment. (Ref: Ma J, Ge Z. Comparison Between Decitabine and Azacitidine for Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Higher-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2021 Aug 17;12:701690. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.701690. Erratum in: Front Pharmacol. 2023 May 05;14:1213053.)
The patient has a history of chronic respiratory symptoms and records of consultations with chest medicine. It is important to closely monitor for respiratory system infections, particularly when chemotherapy leads to a decrease in WBC count.
Based on the PharmaCloud database, our hospital is the sole medical provider for the patient in the past 3 months. No issues related to medication reconciliation have been identified.
Cyclophosphamide is a potential therapeutic option for severe, refractory cases of dermatomyositis/polymyositis, and it is often administered as an adjunctive treatment. The recommended oral dose typically ranges from 1.5 to 2 mg/kg/day (ref: UpToDate). As of 2023-06-18, the patient’s body weight is 53.3kg, and the current prescription of cyclophosphamide at 50mg QD is below the suggested dosage range. Please continue to monitor the treatment’s effectiveness and consider whether a dose adjustment might be required.
[diagnosis]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
2020-12-11 Colon cancer with single liver metastasis s/p RFA (2 sessions) using RVS
2020-01-19
2019-10-22
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[monitoring tumor markers and assessing disease progression]
LPRBC transfusion is planned for HGB at 8.9 g/dL. Tumor markers CEA and CA199 are still on an upward trend, with CA199 tripling in less than one month. The last abdominal CT was conducted 3 months ago on 2024-04-24. It is recommended to update medical imaging to check for disease progression and determine if the treatment regimen needs adjustment.
2024-07-16 CEA (NM) 70.622 ng/ml
2024-06-28 CEA (NM) 75.866 ng/ml
2024-05-07 CEA (NM) 56.994 ng/ml
2024-04-12 CEA (NM) 57.916 ng/ml
2024-03-26 CEA (NM) 47.810 ng/ml
2024-02-16 CEA (NM) 37.327 ng/ml
2024-01-03 CEA (NM) 33.875 ng/ml
2024-07-16 CA-199 (NM) 672.340 U/ml
2024-06-28 CA-199 (NM) 194.991 U/ml
2024-05-07 CA-199 (NM) 164.319 U/ml
2024-04-12 CA-199 (NM) 167.790 U/ml
2024-03-26 CA-199 (NM) 173.605 U/ml
2024-02-16 CA-199 (NM) 133.240 U/ml
2024-01-03 CA-199 (NM) 107.208 U/ml
[flomoxef for Escherichia coli infection]
A chest X-ray on 2024-06-03 showed patchy consolidation in the RLL of the lung, might be suggestive of bronchopneumonia. There was also blunting of the right costophrenic angle, likely due to pleural effusion. Despite normal CRP and PCT readings, the patient’s cough sputum culture revealed Escherichia coli 4+, which is sensitive to Flumarin (flomoxef sodium, MIC ≤ 2). Flumarin was initiated on 2024-06-07. No fever over 37°C has been observed since then.
[monitoring progression: bone scans, CT, and tumor markers]
Bone scans and CT imaging are scheduled to monitor the progression, as tumor markers CEA and CA199 have shown an increasing trend over the past 6 months.
Laboratory results from 2024-04-22 indicate there are no contraindications to proceeding with a new session of FOLFOX chemotherapy for the treatment of the patient’s condition.
2024-04-12 CEA (NM) 57.916 ng/ml
2024-03-26 CEA (NM) 47.810 ng/ml
2024-02-16 CEA (NM) 37.327 ng/ml
2024-01-03 CEA (NM) 33.875 ng/ml
2023-11-21 CEA (NM) 33.072 ng/ml
2024-04-12 CA-199 (NM) 167.790 U/ml
2024-03-26 CA-199 (NM) 173.605 U/ml
2024-02-16 CA-199 (NM) 133.240 U/ml
2024-01-03 CA-199 (NM) 107.208 U/ml
2023-11-21 CA-199 (NM) 106.235 U/ml
[assessing bloody stools: tranexamic acid use in ongoing GI bleeding management]
The patient reported experiencing bloody stools for a week and underwent an EGD and sigmoidoscopy on 2024-02-12 (HGB 9.9 g/dL).
The presence of bloody stools suggests the possibility of GI bleeding. However, the EGD did not provide a definitive diagnosis due to the presence of food debris. While atrophic gastritis could be associated with the bleeding, further examination is required for a conclusive determination. The suspected rectal cancer, identified separately, demands prompt and focused attention due to its severity.
HR has been stable at 70 to 80, with no signs of resting tachycardia observed.
Hemoclot (tranexamic acid) was administered starting the night of 2024-02-12. Should the bleeding continue, it is often possible to manage the condition with therapeutic interventions during colonoscopy or angiography.
Lab results from 2024-01-30 did not reveal any significant findings that would contraindicate proceeding with a new session of the FOLFOX regimen.
The active medication list has been updated to include repeat prescriptions from our gastroenterologist (2023-12-30), cardiologist (2023-12-28), neurologist, urologist (2023-12-15), and psychosomatic physician (2023-11-15), with no discrepancies noted.
Lab results obtained on 2023-12-21 were largely unremarkable with the exception of mild anemia (HGB 9.5 g/dL). Due to this finding, the new session FOLFOX regimen has been continued on 2023-12-21.
Medications from repeat prescriptions issued by our neurologist, urologist (2023-12-15), and psychosomatic physician (2023-11-15) have been successfully integrated into the active medication list. No discrepancies were identified.
After checking the PharmaCloud database and the patient’s current medication list, it is confirmed that all medications from the refill order have been taken. No discrepancies are found.
[reconciliation]
The patient has attended multiple departments in our hospital and has been issued several repeat prescriptions that remain valid to date:
2023-09-19 Gastroenterology: Ulstop (famotidine), Gaslan (dimethylpolysiloxane), Mopride (mosapride citrate)
2023-09-15 Cardiology: Januvia (sitagliptin), Eliquis (apixaban), Zandip (lercanidipine)
2023-09-08 Urology: Urief (silodosin), Betmiga (mirabegron)
2023-09-01 Neurology: Muaction (tramadol), Kentamin (Vit B1, B6, B12), Trynol (amitriptyline), Neurontin (gabapentin), CaCO3, U-Ca (calcitriol)
2023-08-30 Psychosomatic Medicine: Alpraline (alprazolam)
All these medications are actively being used by the patient, and no inconsistencies have been identified.
[tumor markers]
The most recent CT scan of the abdomen dated 2023-06-30 shows no evidence of tumor recurrence in the rectum following LAR surgery. While a lesion in S5 of the liver post-RFA indicates complete recovery, a previously detected lesion in S8 and some liver cysts in the left lobe remain stable, suggesting the need for continued surveillance. However, given the increasing trend of the tumor markers CEA and CA199 in recent months, further imaging or testing may be required to obtain an updated status of the disease.
2023-09-28 CEA (NM) 41.773 ng/ml
2023-08-29 CEA (NM) 41.022 ng/ml
2023-08-01 CEA (NM) 28.657 ng/ml
2023-06-27 CEA (NM) 32.370 ng/ml
2023-06-06 CEA (NM) 38.089 ng/ml
2023-05-09 CEA (NM) 29.020 ng/ml
2023-04-11 CEA (NM) 29.090 ng/ml
2023-03-07 CEA (NM) 30.892 ng/ml
2023-02-22 CEA (NM) 22.304 ng/ml
2023-01-20 CEA (NM) 29.331 ng/ml
2023-09-28 CA-199 (NM) 128.119 U/ml
2023-08-29 CA-199 (NM) 124.920 U/ml
2023-08-01 CA-199 (NM) 100.17 U/ml
2023-06-27 CA-199 (NM) 102.499 U/ml
2023-06-06 CA-199 (NM) 108.696 U/ml
2023-05-09 CA-199 (NM) 99.780 U/ml
2023-04-11 CA-199 (NM) 94.910 U/ml
2023-03-07 CA-199 (NM) 91.315 U/ml
2023-02-22 CA-199 (NM) 66.824 U/ml
2023-01-20 CA-199 (NM) 70.223 U/ml
On 2023-06-23, our cardiologist prescribed Januvia (sitagliptin), Eliquis (apixaban), and Zandip (lercanidipine) for the patient, while on 2023-07-01, our gastroenterologist prescribed Ulstop (famotidine), Gaslan (dimethylpolysiloxane), and Mopride (mosapride citrate). All medications, with the exception of Mopride, are currently on the active medication list. Please determine if the use of Mopride is still necessary.
This patient just refilled his prescription for Januvia (sitagliptin), Eliquis (apixaban), Zanidip (lercanidipine), Betmiga (mirabegron), Urief (silodosin) on 2023-07-11 at a local pharmacy and these drugs are now added to the active medication list with no reconciliation issues found.
According to the PharmaCloud database, the patient has solely been using our hospital for both outpatient and inpatient services over the past three months.
The patient visited our Neurology and Psychosomatic Medicine OPD on 2023-06-09 for chemotherapy-related polyneuropathy, L spine radiculopathy, suspected mild cognitive impairment, and insomnia. Refillable prescriptions were given for Muaction (tramadol), Kentamin (B1, B6, B12), Trynol (amitriptyline), Neurontin (gabapentin), calcium carbonate, U-Ca (calcitriol), and Alpraline (alprazolam). These drugs are appropriately reflected on the current active medication list. No issues were identified in the medication reconciliation process.
A review of PharmaCloud records did not identify any medication reconciliation issues.
This patient’s chemotherapy-induced polyneuropathy may be more likely due to the oxaliplatin component of the FOLFOX regimen, which was started in Oct 2021. Appropriate measures have been taken, including the addition of Kentamin (B1, B6, B12) and Neurontin (gabapentin) to the patient’s active medication regimen as prescribed by our neurologist.
The patient’s CEA and CA199 levels have shown similar upward trends in recent months, which may indicate that the disease is becoming more resistant to current treatment. This may require further evaluation and possible adjustments to the future treatment plan.
2023-05-09 CEA (NM) 29.020 ng/ml
2023-04-11 CEA (NM) 29.090 ng/ml
2023-03-07 CEA (NM) 30.892 ng/ml
2023-02-22 CEA (NM) 22.304 ng/ml
2023-05-09 CA-199 (NM) 99.780 U/ml
2023-04-11 CA-199 (NM) 94.910 U/ml
2023-03-07 CA-199 (NM) 91.315 U/ml
2023-02-22 CA-199 (NM) 66.824 U/ml
CEA and CA199 levels have been consistently above the normal range since Oct 2022.
The patient is being treated for bilateral L5 and bilateral below wrist numbness caused by chemotherapy-related polyneuropathy and L spine radiculopathy. The treatment plan, including the use of Kentamine (B1 50mg + B6 50mg + B12 500ug), Neurontin (gabapentin), Trynol (amitriptyline), and Muaction (tramadol), has been properly prescribed by our neurologist on 2023-03-24.
As of now, the patient has had one bowel movement on 2023-03-26 and there are no signs of constipation. Loperamide 2mg PRNQ4H has been prepared in advance if needed.
Based on the TPR panel, the patient’s underlying conditions of hypertension and diabetes are well controlled.
There were no medication reconciliation issues identified and there are no issues with the current active prescription.
As of now, the patient’s TPR, blood pressure, and blood sugar level remain stable. The lab data 2023-02-19 showed grossly normal readings, except for slightly high BUN and slightly low levels of albumin and calcium.
The recently prescribed drugs that were disclosed in the NHI PharmaCloud System have been appropriately prescribed during this hospital stay. No medication reconciliation issues have been found in the patient.
2020 ASCO guidelines suggest that clinicians may offer duloxetine to patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, and 2020 joint ESMO/EONS/EANO guidelines recommend duloxetine for treatment of neuropathic pain in this setting. ref: Loprinzi CL, Lacchetti C, Bleeker J, et al. Prevention and Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Survivors of Adult Cancers: ASCO Guideline Update. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:3325.
Duloxetine for adult patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: Oral initial 30 mg once daily for 1 week, then 60 mg once daily. Ref: Smith EM, Pang H, Cirrincione C, et al; Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology. Effect of duloxetine on pain, function, and quality of life among patients with chemotherapy-induced painful peripheral neuropathy: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013;309(13):1359-67. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.2813
There is Cymbalta (duloxetine 30mg/cap) available in the stock.
In this case, the patient had chemotherapy related polyneuropathy and L spine radiculopathy, which was evaluated by our neurologist on 2022-11-14. Neurontin (gabapentin 100mg/cap) 1# BID has been prescribed.
At this time, vital signs appear to be stable. According to the lab data on 2022-12-01, there was a slight pancytopenia, but overall the results were normal.
There is no issue with the active prescription.
Duloxetine is recommended for the mitigation of chemotherapy-related sensorimotor polyneuropathy (Type of recommendation: evidence based, benefits equal harms; Evidence quality: intermediate; Strength of recommendation: moderate. Ref: Prevention and Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Survivors of Adult Cancers: ASCO Guideline Update. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2020 38:28, 3325-3348)
Duloxetine for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (off-label use): Oral initial: 30 mg once daily for 1 week, then 60 mg once daily.
Colonoscopy (2022-05-20) showed local recurrent cancer at low rectum.
CEA levels continue to rise in recent months:
CA199 exhibits a similar trend to CEA
Lab data on 2022-07-18 showed generally normal readings except for slight anemia.
Lab data on 2022-05-16 showed that liver and kidney function, electrolytes and CBC were generally normal.
Biomarkers
The last CT scan was performed on 2022-01-04, so the image may need to be updated.
According to in-hospital database, the patient had mild drug allergy with: Sketa, Warfarin, Dipyridamole, Valaciclovir, Solaxin (chlorzoxazone).
[lab data]
[exam findings]
[chemotherapy]
[initiate ETV or TAF before or with cancer therapy]
Lab data:
Interpretation:
However, this limited data cannot definitively differentiate between:
Next Steps:
Entecavir or tenofovir is recommended to be initiated as soon as possible relative to the start of anticancer therapy in this patient.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[monitoring fluid status in patients with liver issues]
Both hyperbilirubinemia and hypoalbuminemia are showing improvement, and Uliden (ursodeoxycholic acid) is being administered currently.
However, there is a lack of body weight and fluid input/output data on the TPR panel. It is advisable to obtain this data to monitor whether edema is developing or resolving, given the patient’s low albumin levels and the use of diuretics (furosemide 40mg QD, spironolactone 25mg BID).
2024-07-14 Bilirubin total 4.37 mg/dL
2024-07-02 Bilirubin total 6.82 mg/dL
2024-06-25 Bilirubin total 8.53 mg/dL
2024-06-20 Bilirubin total 11.20 mg/dL
2024-06-17 Bilirubin total 13.45 mg/dL
2024-06-13 Bilirubin total 23.72 mg/dL
2024-06-12 Bilirubin total 21.29 mg/dL
2024-06-11 Bilirubin total 25.05 mg/dL
2024-06-04 Bilirubin total 27.56 mg/dL
2024-07-02 Albumin (BCG) 3.0 g/dL
2024-06-25 Albumin (BCG) 2.9 g/dL
2024-06-20 Albumin (BCG) 2.3 g/dL
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[trends in blood potassium and supplementation]
Tracking the patient’s blood potassium changes over the past three months reveals a significant downward trend. Since 2024-06, there have been more instances of levels falling below 3 mmol/L, with a drop to less than 2 mmol/L on 2024-07-18. Potassium supplementation is currently being administered as an appropriate treatment.
[managing elevated CRP, rising PCT, and ALT levels]
Lab results show that CRP has been persistently elevated, making it less sensitive for detecting infections. In contrast, PCT and ALT levels have rapidly increased, indicating a potential new infection and liver damage. Flumarin (flomoxef) is currently being administered, and the addition of BaoGan (silymarin) might be considered.
2024-07-18 ALT 110 U/L
2024-06-27 ALT 18 U/L
2024-06-07 ALT 17 U/L
2024-07-18 Procalcitonin (PCT) 1.78 ng/mL
2024-06-24 Procalcitonin (PCT) 0.15 ng/mL
2024-06-20 Procalcitonin (PCT) 0.11 ng/mL
2024-06-11 Procalcitonin (PCT) 0.20 ng/mL
2024-07-18 CRP 22.2 mg/dL
2024-07-12 CRP 27.3 mg/dL
2024-07-06 CRP 18.2 mg/dL
2024-07-02 CRP 21.3 mg/dL
2024-06-28 CRP 26.3 mg/dL
2024-06-27 CRP 23.7 mg/dL
2024-06-23 CRP 20.4 mg/dL
2024-06-20 CRP 14.1 mg/dL
2024-06-11 CRP 13.8 mg/dL
2024-06-07 CRP 26.1 mg/dL
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
[managing FOLFIRI regimen in HD patients]
Systemic treatment has not yet been initiated, and tumor markers continue to show a rising trend.
The planned FOLFIRI regimen includes fluorouracil, which is used for the patient on intermittent hemodialysis (thrice weekly). Fluorouracil itself is not significantly dialyzable; however, its metabolite FBAL may be substantially removed by dialysis (extraction ratio 0.73 to 0.84). No dosage adjustment is necessary for fluorouracil. When the scheduled dose falls on a hemodialysis day, it should be administered after hemodialysis. Patients must be monitored closely for the potential development of hyperammonemic encephalopathy associated with FBAL accumulation in those with end-stage kidney disease. Removing FBAL by hemodialysis can be effective in preventing or treating hyperammonemia.
However, the use of irinotecan in the patient on intermittent hemodialysis poses risks. Irinotecan may be partially dialyzable, but its active metabolite, SN38, is not. The manufacturer does not recommend its use due to the higher risk of toxicity in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Initially, if benefits outweigh the risks, it may be started at 50% to 66% of the usual recommended dose. Given the variability in patient responses, when the usual indication-specific dose is 100 to 150 mg/m2 once weekly, it may be safest to start at 50 mg/m2 once weekly. Doses may be cautiously increased if tolerated; however, severe toxicity at 80 mg/m2 weekly (grade 4 neutropenia and death in a patient with UGT1A polymorphism) and 100 mg/m2 weekly (grade 4 diarrhea) has been reported. Irinotecan should be administered after hemodialysis or on non-dialysis days.
Currently, the patient’s multiple liver metastases have not affected AST, ALT, or bilirubin readings, and there is no need to adjust the FOLFIRI dosage for liver function at this time.
[MedRec]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[monitoring renal function in FOLFOX treatment]
The patient’s renal function is showing a declining trend. Despite the dose reduction of oxaliplatin in the FOLFOX regimen, if the renal function continues to deteriorate, it may be necessary to reassess the treatment regimen.
2024-07-17 Creatinine 1.30 mg/dL
2024-07-09 Creatinine 0.96 mg/dL
2024-06-26 Creatinine 0.74 mg/dL
2024-07-17 eGFR 41.58 ml/min/1.73m^2
2024-07-09 eGFR 58.99 ml/min/1.73m^2
2024-06-26 eGFR 79.66 ml/min/1.73m^2
[evaluation of iron and vit B12 status following total gastrectomy]
Lab data:
The above lab results suggested that the patient has adequate vitamin B12 and iron levels, which is particularly important following total gastrectomy due to the risk of deficiencies associated with reduced absorption capacities. The elevated vitamin B12 may be due to supplementation, and while not typically harmful, should be monitored to ensure dosages are appropriate. Regular follow-up is crucial to monitor these levels, adjust supplementation as necessary, and check for any signs of micronutrient deficiencies that might not yet be apparent.
[lab data]
2023-07-24 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-07-24 Anti-HCV Value 0.25 S/CO
2023-07-24 Anti-HBc Reactive
2023-07-24 Anti-HBc-Value 6.92 S/CO
2023-07-24 Anti-HBs 7.37 mIU/mL
2023-07-24 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-07-24 HBsAg (Value) 0.27 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
This is a 50 y/o male patient with underlying alcoholism, gout, GERD. He was admitted this time under the impression of: UGI bleeding, cellulitis of foot, and colitis of ascending colon and cecum, the patient was admitted for further evaluation and management. We were consulted for the irritable mood and suspect visual hallucination at night.
According to the patient and his wife: A 50-year-old male, living with his wife and son, was a logistics driver for over 10 years and has no history of psychiatric treatment. He left his job a month ago, stating that he resigned due to disagreements with his supervisor. He began social drinking in high school, and over time, the amount and strength of alcohol consumed gradually increased. He now drinks 350ml bottles of sorghum liquor, 1-2 bottles daily. When not drinking, he experiences cravings and withdrawal symptoms, and when drunk, he talks nonsense and reports seeing strange things.
The patient and his family indicate that about three weeks ago, after leaving his job, he resolved to stop drinking. He claims that he has not touched alcohol since that day (though his account is somewhat inconsistent). He has been staying at home feeling gloomy, depressed, and irritable, but denies having suicidal thoughts. His wife notes that he was mentally clear during this period but started feeling general weakness before admission to the hospital. After admission, he exhibited irritability, restlessness, incoherent speech, and possible visual hallucinations.
Upon visit, he showed mild muddy spirit, limited orientation to time, people and place, rather stable mood. Coherant but sometimes irrelevant speech. Currently denied suicide ideation, denied hallucination. Poor memory function for years. Confabulation(+/-), nystagmus(+), unsteady gait, withdrawal symptom(+): tremor, palpitation.
[chemotherapy]
2024-06-26 - fluorouracil 800mg/m2 1200mg NS 500mL 24hr D1-5 + hydroxyurea 1000mg PO Q12H D1-5
2024-02-22 - carboplatin AUC 2 170mg D5W 250mL 1hr + MgSO4 10% 20mL NS 100mL (CCRT)
2024-02-08 - carboplatin AUC 2 170mg D5W 250mL 1hr (CCRT)
2024-02-01 - carboplatin AUC 2 170mg D5W 250mL 1hr (CCRT)
2024-01-25 - carboplatin AUC 2 170mg D5W 250mL 1hr (CCRT)
2024-01-18 - carboplatin AUC 2 170mg D5W 250mL 1hr (CCRT)
2024-01-10 - carboplatin AUC 2 170mg D5W 250mL 1hr (CCRT)
2023-12-22 - docetaxel 40mg/m2 60mg NS 150mL 1hr + carboplatin AUC 3 100mg NS 100mL 2hr + fluorouracil 750mg/m2 1000mg D5W 500mL 24hr D1-2 (TPF Q3W. Carbo AUC 1.5)
2023-11-18 - docetaxel 40mg/m2 60mg NS 150mL 1hr + carboplatin AUC 3 100mg NS 100mL 2hr + fluorouracil 750mg/m2 1000mg D5W 500mL 24hr D1-2 (TPF Q3W. Carbo AUC 1.5)
2023-11-16 - docetaxel 40mg/m2 60mg NS 150mL 1hr + carboplatin AUC 3 100mg NS 100mL 2hr + fluorouracil 750mg/m2 1000mg D5W 500mL 24hr D1-2 (TPF Q3W. Carbo AUC 1.5)
2023-11-11 - docetaxel 40mg/m2 60mg NS 150mL 1hr + carboplatin AUC 3 100mg NS 100mL 2hr + fluorouracil 750mg/m2 1000mg D5W 500mL 24hr D1-2 (TPF Q3W. Carbo AUC 1.5)
2023-10-14 - docetaxel 30mg/m2 45mg NS 150mL 1hr + carboplatin AUC 3 100mg NS 100mL 2hr + fluorouracil 750mg/m2 1000mg D5W 500mL 24hr D1-2 (TPF Q3W. Carbo AUC 1.5)
2023-09-22 - ………………………………. carboplatin AUC 3 100mg NS 100mL 2hr + fluorouracil 750mg/m2 1000mg D5W 500mL 24hr D1-2 (TPF Q3W. no taxel; Carbo AUC 1.5)
2023-09-15 - ………………………………. carboplatin AUC 3 100mg NS 100mL 2hr + fluorouracil 750mg/m2 1000mg D5W 500mL 24hr (TPF Q3W. no taxel; CrCl 47 Carbo AUC 1.5; 5FU C1 24hr)
2023-08-22 - docetaxel 40mg/m2 0mg NS 250mL 1hr + cisplatin 40mg/m2 0mg NS 500mL + fluorouracil 2000mg/m2 0mg NS 500mL 46hr (TPF Q3W) [TEMP] (not conducted)
[hyperkalemia episodes]
Episodes of hyperkalemia have occurred several times in the past 5 months. During this period, the highest recorded serum creatinine level was 1.8mg/dL, and the eGFR consistently remained above 40 mL/min/1.73m^2, suggesting that the kidneys should still have the capacity to excrete excess potassium.
Upon reviewing the patient’s recent medication history, it was found that olmesartan, a component of Sevikar, could be a potential cause of hyperkalemia, especially considering the patient’s risk factors such as renal dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, concurrent use of potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium supplements, and/or potassium-containing salts. Sevikar has already been discontinued. Additionally, propranolol, which is currently being used, has been sporadically reported in post-marketing studies to be associated with hyperkalemia, although it is considered a less likely cause.
Could hypoaldosteronism be a potential cause in this case?
[reconciliation]
On 2023-10-18, this patient just refilled his repeat prescription for a 28-day supply of MgO, lansoprazole, sennoside, Kentamin, sodium ferrous citrate, propranolol, febuxostat, quetiapine fumarate, lorazepam. No discrepancies have been found with these medications currently in use.
[alcohol abstinence]
Abstaining from alcohol is the foundation of managing alcohol-associated cirrhosis. This abstinence has been linked to improvements in fibrosis, as well as lower hepatic venous pressure gradients.
Lab tests (2023-11-07) revealed normal AST, ALT, and total bilirubin levels. If the cirrhosis worsens and becomes decompensated, Baraclude (entecavir 1mg) may be a viable treatment option.
[reconciliation]
Recent MCV and MCH levels have consistently been on the upper end of their normal range, suggesting that iron deficiency anemia is less probable. The ongoing use of the iron supplement Foliromin (ferrous sodium citrate) may be reduced.
2023-08-21 MCV 92.3 fL
2023-07-24 MCV 93.0 fL
2023-07-14 MCV 92.6 fL
2023-06-10 MCV 92.3 fL
2023-08-21 MCH 31.0 pg
2023-07-24 MCH 30.6 pg
2023-07-14 MCH 30.2 pg
2023-06-10 MCH 30.6 pg
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
2024-07-17 - amivantamab 350mg NS 240mL 12hr
2024-07-16 - nivolumab 100mg NS 100mL 1hr
2024-07-15 - ramucirumab 500mg NS 250mL 1.5hr
2024-06-20 - amivantamab 350mg NS 240mL 12hr
2024-06-19 - nivolumab 100mg NS 100mL 1hr
2024-06-18 - ramucirumab 500mg NS 250mL 1.5hr
2024-05-28 - amivantamab 350mg NS 240mL 12hr
2024-05-24 - nivolumab 100mg NS 100mL 1hr
2024-05-23 - ramucirumab 500mg NS 250mL 1.5hr
2024-04-10 - nivolumab 100mg NS 100mL 1hr
2024-04-09 - ramucirumab 500mg NS 250mL 1.5hr
2024-03-11 - ipilimumab 50mg NS 50mL 30min
2024-03-09 - nivolumab 100mg NS 100mL 1hr
2024-03-08 - ramucirumab 500mg NS 250mL 1.5hr
2024-01-19 - ipilimumab 50mg NS 50mL 30min
2024-01-18 - nivolumab 100mg NS 100mL 1hr
2024-01-17 - ramucirumab 500mg NS 250mL 1.5hr
2023-12-19 - nivolumab 100mg NS 100mL 1hr
2023-12-18 - ramucirumab 500mg NS 250mL 1.5hr
2023-11-17 - nivolumab 100mg NS 100mL 1hr
2023-11-16 - ramucirumab 500mg NS 250mL 1.5hr
2023-10-16 - ramucirumab 300mg NS 250mL 1.5hr
2023-08-21 - ramucirumab 300mg NS 250mL 1.5hr
2023-07-26 - ramucirumab 300mg NS 250mL 1.5hr
[dermatologic side effects in in the patient on “amivantamab”, nivolumab, and ramucirumab]
The patient has developed a skin rash while on the regimen including amivantamab, nivolumab, and ramucirumab. Each of these drugs has documented dermatologic side effects:
Given the overlapping potential for dermatologic side effects from all three medications, it is challenging to pinpoint the exact cause of the rash. Our dermatologist recommended Sinpharderm (urea) and tetracycline for external use on 2024-07-10 as potential therapies that may effectively alleviate patient discomfort.
Amivantamab Dermatologic Toxicity Management
The patient is currently using 350 mg, the lowest recommended dose (second dose reduction). There are no lower documented doses. Considering potential risk factors related to dosage, it might be an option temporarily discontinuing the drug and observing if skin symptoms improve. If improvement occurs, reassess the possibility of re-challenge.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[tube feeding: options for administering Adapine and Const-K]
The half-life elimination of nifedipine varies among different populations: in healthy adults, it ranges from 2 to 5 hours; in individuals with cirrhosis, it extends to 7 hours; and in the elderly, it also reaches about 7 hours when using extended-release tablets.
Adapine S.R.F.C. (sustained-release film-coated) tablets are designed not to break down within the body, hence it is common to find the intact outer shell in the patient’s feces. The design of these tablets is meant to maintain steady drug levels in the bloodstream. Crushing these tablets will compromise their slow-release properties, making them ineffective at sustaining intended drug concentrations. If there is a need to continue using this medication, it should ideally be administered in divided doses to maintain stable blood levels.
Const-K 750mg is an extended-release tablet that delivers 10 mEq of potassium per tablet and is the only oral potassium supplement available in this hospital. If injectable potassium supplementation is not preferred, Const-K tablets can be crushed into fine particles for easier administration with water.
[evaluating the possibility of fungal infection in unresolved lung consolidation]
Neutropenia has largely resolved, yet CRP levels remain elevated while PCT has returned to normal ranges. Based on the comparison of CXR images from 2024-07-15 and 2024-07-05, patchy consolidation in the lower left lobe of the lung showed no improvement. If respiratory symptoms do not improve, a fungal infection could be suspected.
2024-07-17 WBC 3.41 x10^3/uL
2024-07-16 WBC 3.37 x10^3/uL
2024-07-15 WBC 0.61 x10^3/uL
2024-07-11 WBC 0.24 x10^3/uL
2024-07-08 WBC 0.26 x10^3/uL
2024-07-05 WBC 11.74 x10^3/uL
2024-07-01 WBC 3.41 x10^3/uL
2024-07-16 CRP 15.8 mg/dL
2024-07-15 CRP 15.3 mg/dL
2024-07-11 CRP 23.4 mg/dL
2024-07-08 CRP 14.3 mg/dL
2024-07-05 CRP 34.2 mg/dL
2024-07-16 Procalcitonin (PCT) 0.32 ng/mL
2024-07-15 Procalcitonin (PCT) 0.42 ng/mL
2024-07-11 Procalcitonin (PCT) 1.89 ng/mL
2024-07-08 Procalcitonin (PCT) 11.44 ng/mL
2024-07-05 Procalcitonin (PCT) 13.06 ng/mL
[carboplatin and etoposide administration and subsequent neutropenia]
Carboplatin and etoposide were administered on 2024-07-02, and neutropenia was noted on 2024-07-08. Given the elevated CRP and PCT levels, infection cannot be ruled out. Consequently, a 3-day course of Granocyte (lenograstim) was initiated on 2024-07-08. Blood transfusions were also conducted on 2024-07-01, 2024-07-05, and 2024-07-09. These measures are considered appropriate for the condition.
2024-07-08 Procalcitonin (PCT) 11.44 ng/mL
2024-07-05 Procalcitonin (PCT) 13.06 ng/mL
2024-07-08 CRP 14.3 mg/dL
2024-07-05 CRP 34.2 mg/dL
2024-07-08 WBC 0.26 x10^3/uL *
2024-07-05 WBC 11.74 x10^3/uL
2024-07-01 WBC 3.41 x10^3/uL
2024-06-30 WBC 3.76 x10^3/uL
2024-06-18 WBC 5.77 x10^3/uL
2024-06-17 WBC 5.93 x10^3/uL
2024-07-08 HGB 8.9 g/dL
2024-07-05 HGB 8.0 g/dL
2024-07-01 HGB 8.2 g/dL
2024-06-30 HGB 8.7 g/dL
2024-06-18 HGB 9.6 g/dL
2024-07-08 PLT 103 *10^3/uL
2024-07-05 PLT 227 *10^3/uL
2024-07-01 PLT 271 *10^3/uL
2024-06-30 PLT 253 *10^3/uL
2024-06-18 PLT 326 *10^3/uL
[exam findings]
[consultation]
[immunochemotherapy]
[Elevated Labs Suggest Sepsis - Antibiotics Started]
Recent lab data and interpretation:
Given the combination of the following evidences, there is a high probability that this patient is experiencing sepsis. This condition requires urgent medical attention to identify the source of infection, provide appropriate antimicrobial therapy, and manage any organ dysfunction.
Blood cultures were ordered and the broad-spectrum antibiotic Cefim (cefepime) 2g Q8H IVD is currently being used. No medication discrepancies were noted.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
Systemic therapy for advanced cholangiocarcinoma - 2024-03-05 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/systemic-therapy-for-advanced-cholangiocarcinoma
[lung biopsy planned for extrahepatic bile duct cancer, 2nd line treatment options]
The patient was diagnosed with a malignant neoplasm of the extrahepatic bile duct in the 3rd quarter of 2023 at FuRen University Hospital and subsequently sought chemotherapy treatment at our facility with a regimen of gemcitabine and cisplatin. An attempt to coadminister TS-1 at the beginning of treatment was made but was quickly discontinued due to the patient’s intolerance.
The final dose of the gemcitabine and cisplatin regimen was administered on 2024-01-16, marking nearly six months of treatment, followed by a CT scan on 2024-02-20 that suggested potential disease progression. Currently, the patient is being prepared for a lung biopsy to investigate suspected metastasis.
The patient’s underlying hypertension is now being managed with Concor (bisoprolol) and Exforge (amlodipine, valsartan), aligning with the repeat prescriptions recorded in the PharmaCloud database. The patient’s vital signs and lab results (2024-03-04) were grossly within normal limits, with no discrepancies in medication identified.
Should disease progression be confirmed, several candidate regimens for second-line therapy could be contemplated, encompassing: FOLFOX; liposomal irinotecan; capecitabine combined with oxaliplatin; capecitabine paired with irinotecan; fluoropyrimidine as a standalone treatment; and antiangiogenic therapies, which include bevacizumab, regorafenib, and ramucirumab.
Molecularly targeted therapy represents an alternative approach when next-generation sequencing is employed to identify actionable molecular abnormalities.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[immunochemotherapy]
[switching medication due to deteriorating kidney function]
The patient’s renal function is deteriorating, with the latest eGFR dropping below 15 as of 2024-07-13.
The package insert for Vemlidy (tenofovir alafenamide) advises against its use in patients with CrCl < 15. However, Baraclude (entecavir 0.5mg) may be considered as an alternative, administered every three days (Q3D) in patients with CrCl between 10 and <30 mL/minute.
[exam finding]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
2022-05-27 Excision of chest wall and repair of diaphragmatic defect.
2020-03-23 Enterolysis with bowel decompression
2019-12-31 Partial nephrectomy
2019-10-30 Closure of enterostomy or Colostomy (loop or double-barrel)
2019-03-27 Left hemicolectomy or sigmoid colectomy with anastomosis with lymph node
2019-03-23 Enterostomy for suspected S-colon cancer with obstruction
drug allergy
[immunochemotherapy]
[strategies for handling liver deterioration]
The patient’s liver function is deteriorating, as indicated by recent rapid increases in ALT, AST, bilirubin, and decreased albumin levels.
It is recommended to add BaoGan (silymarin) and delay the next session of “Erbitux + FOLFIRI” until there is evidence of recovery. In addition, it is recommended to monitor HBV DNA levels (check for HBV reactivation) to determine whether the dose of Baraclude (entecavir) should be adjusted from 0.5mg to 1mg or switched to Vemlidy (tenofovir alafenamide, if resistance develops).
2024-07-15 ALT 106 U/L
2024-07-12 ALT 34 U/L
2024-07-15 AST 160 U/L
2024-07-12 AST 48 U/L
2024-07-08 AST 40 U/L
2024-06-24 AST 21 U/L
2024-07-15 Bilirubin total 1.79 mg/dL
2024-07-12 Bilirubin total 1.35 mg/dL
2024-07-08 Bilirubin total 1.12 mg/dL
2024-06-24 Bilirubin total 0.62 mg/dL
2024-07-15 Bilirubin direct 1.12 mg/dL
2024-07-12 Bilirubin direct 0.64 mg/dL
2024-05-13 Bilirubin direct 0.19 mg/dL
2024-07-15 Albumin (BCG) 2.7 g/dL
2024-07-12 Albumin (BCG) 3.2 g/dL
2024-07-08 Albumin (BCG) 3.0 g/dL
2024-07-12 CEA 8.08 ng/mL
2024-05-28 CEA 5.35 ng/mL
2024-05-21 CEA 5.19 ng/mL
2024-05-09 CEA 4.64 ng/mL
2024-04-25 CEA 3.10 ng/mL
2024-03-27 CEA 2.73 ng/mL
The patient’s vital signs, laboratory data (2022-10-11), and the disease are in a generally stable state.
There is no issue with the active prescription. It is recommended that the last abdomen CT image be updated as it is dated 2022-04-13. A metastatic adenocarcinoma around the left 11th and 12th ribs (2022-05-03 pathology) might be surgically removed if it is symptomatic and feasible.
There was a generally normal lab result on 2022-09-12 and a relatively stable TPR and BP reading during this hospital stay. With the current regimen, the patient has tolerated it. In this case, the patient has only a muscle power of 4 or less, so some assistive devices might be beneficial.
[MedRec]
[administering OxyNorm via feeding tubes]
When administering OxyNorm (oxycodone) Immediate Release capsules via nasogastric feeding or gastrostomy, start by flushing the tube with water. Open the capsule and directly pour the contents into the tube. Follow this with a flush of 15 mL of water, then rinse the tube at least two more times with 10 mL of water each. Milk or liquid nutritional supplements may be used in place of water.
[lab data]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[immunochemotherapy]
[enhancing protein intake in hypoalbuminemia]
Hypoalbuminemia is worsening, and it may be beneficial to administer human albumin to quickly raise the level. Additionally, consulting a nutrition intervention to enhance the patient’s protein intake could also be helpful.
According to the PharmaCloud database, the patient’s medical care has exclusively been provided by our hospital in the recent 3 months. Consequently, no discrepancies in medication reconciliation have been detected.
Based on the PharmaCloud database, the patient has only received medical services from our hospital for the past three months. As a result, no medication reconciliation issues have been identified.
[MedRec]
[immunochemotherapy]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[Worsening Normocytic Anemia: Potential Impact on Docetaxel Regimen
]
There has been a concerning trend of worsening normocytic anemia over the past three months. Two recent hemoglobin (HGB) readings have fallen below 8 g/dL.
While the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) remains within the normal range, a noticeable decrease toward microcytosis is evident.
Iron supplementation may be beneficial. However, it’s important to consider that docetaxel itself is associated with a high incidence of anemia (ranging from 65% to 97%, with 8% to 9% developing severe grades 3/4). If the anemia continues to worsen and blood transfusions become intolerable, adjustments to the treatment regimen might be necessary.
[antihyperglycemic meds not used: review T2DM diagnosis (limited data)]
The patient was found to have hyperuricemia and hypomagnesiemia. Magnesium sulfate and Feburic (febuxostat) are being administered to manage these conditions.
There is a single data point for serum glucose on 2023-08-18, with no additional test results present in the HIS5 lab records. Type 2 DM continues to be listed as a diagnosis in recent visit records since 2023-02-09, including the admission note from this hospitalization, yet no antiglycemic medications are currently being administered. It is advisable to review whether this diagnosis should be maintained.
[episodic hyperuricemia: inconsistent Feburic use impedes control]
The patient exhibited episodic hyperuricemia throughout the past year, suggesting inadequate control of his uric acid levels.
In response to these hyperuricemic episodes, Feburic (febuxostat) therapy was administered during several hospitalizations. However, outpatient visits did not consistently prescribe this medication, potentially contributing to the elevated serum uric acid levels.
Therefore, it is recommended to consider either extending Feburic therapy or exploring alternative options such as benzbromarone (on prescription at the OPD visits) for improved management of serum urate levels.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[monitoring chest symptoms during TP regimen]
During the first administration of paclitaxel in the last hospital stay, the patient complained of chest tightness and palpitations. On 2024-06-25, the patient reported similar symptoms to our cardiologist, but the 24-hour Holter ECG showed no significant abnormalities.
Please monitor the patient closely for any adverse reactions during this second session of the TP regimen.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
2024-03-11 ~ 2024-04-03 POMR General and Gastroenterological Surgery Wu ChaoQun
2022-04-11 ~ 2022-04-15 POMR Hemato-Oncology Gao WeiYao
2022-03-19 ~ 2022-03-23 POMR Gastroenterology Su WeiZhi
[MedRec]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
2024-04-19 - (FOLFIRI)
2024-04-02 - (FOLFIRI)
2024-03-04 - [leucovorin 20mg/m2 35mg NS 100mL 10min + fluorouracil 400mg/m2 709mg NS 100mL 10min] D1-2 (5-FU CCRT)
2024-02-29 - [leucovorin 20mg/m2 35mg NS 100mL 10min + fluorouracil 400mg/m2 709mg NS 100mL 10min] D1-2 (5-FU CCRT)
2024-01-31 - [leucovorin 20mg/m2 35mg NS 100mL 10min + fluorouracil 400mg/m2 709mg NS 100mL 10min] D1-4 (5-FU CCRT)
2024-01-05 - oxaliplatin 75mg/m2 130mg D5W 250mL 2hr +leucovorin 300mg/m2 530mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 300mg/m2 530mg NS 250mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4300mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFOX Q2W)
2023-12-19 - oxaliplatin 75mg/m2 130mg D5W 250mL 2hr +leucovorin 300mg/m2 530mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 300mg/m2 530mg NS 250mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4300mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFOX Q2W)
2023-12-05 - oxaliplatin 75mg/m2 130mg D5W 250mL 2hr +leucovorin 300mg/m2 530mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 300mg/m2 530mg NS 250mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4300mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFOX Q2W)
2023-11-17 - oxaliplatin 75mg/m2 130mg D5W 250mL 2hr +leucovorin 300mg/m2 530mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 300mg/m2 530mg NS 250mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4300mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFOX Q2W)
2023-10-30 - oxaliplatin 75mg/m2 130mg D5W 250mL 2hr +leucovorin 300mg/m2 530mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 300mg/m2 530mg NS 250mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4300mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFOX Q2W)
2023-10-06 - oxaliplatin 75mg/m2 130mg D5W 250mL 2hr +leucovorin 300mg/m2 530mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 300mg/m2 530mg NS 250mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4300mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFOX Q2W)
2023-07-24 - etoposide 80mg/m2 140mg NS 500mL 2hr D1-3 + carboplatin AUC 4 370mg NS 250mL 2hr D1 (Fytosid 100mg/m2 -> 80mg/m2. eGFR 67 carbo AUC 4)
2023-06-30 - etoposide 80mg/m2 140mg NS 500mL 2hr D1-3 + carboplatin AUC 4 370mg NS 250mL 2hr D1 (Fytosid 100mg/m2 -> 80mg/m2. eGFR 69 WBC 2980 carbo AUC 4)
2023-06-13 - etoposide 100mg/m2 175mg NS 500mL 2hr D1-3 + carboplatin AUC 5 400mg NS 250mL 2hr D1
2023-05-22 - etoposide 100mg/m2 175mg NS 500mL 2hr D1-3 + carboplatin AUC 5 400mg NS 250mL 2hr D1 (Cre 1.08, CrCl 59, carbo AUC 5)
2023-04-28 - etoposide 100mg/m2 175mg NS 500mL 2hr D1-3 + carboplatin AUC 5 400mg NS 250mL 2hr D1 (Cre 1.31, cis -> carbo AUC 5)
2023-04-03 - etoposide 100mg/m2 175mg NS 500mL 2hr D1-3 + NS 500mL 3hr (before cisplatin) + cisplatin 75mg/m2 130mg NS 500mL 24hr D1 + NS 1000mL 3hr (post cisplatin)
[Veklury (remdesivir) dosage consideration for patient with low eGFR]
Veklury (remdesivir) is not recommended for patients with an eGFR less than 30 mL/min. The patient’s eGFR is 46.82 mL/min (2024-07-10), so this is not a contraindication.
The dosing regimen is IV 200 mg as a single dose on day 1, followed by 100 mg once daily.
The package insert and literature do not provide an alternative approach for missing the loading dose. Since the patient received a single dose yesterday evening (ST) and only about half a day has passed before the next daily dose (QD), administering 200 mg this morning may result in a higher-than-expected blood concentration then the trial design. Therefore, it is not recommended to make up for the missed loading dose today.
[HGB drop and bilirubin rise: hemolysis possibility]
Current iron supplementation (Foliromin 50mg ferrous sodium citrate 1# BID PO) is in place (although the MCV of 94 does not indicate microcytosis). An elevation of bilirubin following a decrease in hemoglobin level could suggest hemolysis, which might warrant further investigation.
2024-07-10 Bilirubin total 1.75 mg/dL
2024-07-10 Bilirubin direct 0.47 mg/dL
2024-07-10 HGB 10.4 g/dL
2024-07-08 HGB 8.6 g/dL
2024-07-06 HGB 9.3 g/dL
2024-06-25 HGB 10.2 g/dL
[CCRT for enlarged paraaortic LAP: everolimus as potential next-line treatment, monitoring PLT]
This patient is currently receiving CCRT for his enlarged paraaortic lymph nodes (LAP). The disease eventually developed resistance to the etoposide + carboplatin regimen and the FOLFOX regimen. Newer treatment options, such as everolimus, might need to be considered after the completion of CCRT.
Recent lab data showed values of PLT less than 100K/uL. While this does not yet constitute a critical level, it warrants close monitoring. Other lab findings were unremarkable. No medication discrepancies were identified.
[elevated LDH: a sign of underlying tissue and/or liver damage?]
An increasing trend in LDH levels might suggest potential tissue or liver damage, warranting further investigation.
As per the available records, the patient’s general and gastroenterology surgeon issued a prescription on 2023-06-20, following the subtotal gastrectomy. The prescribed medications include B-Red (hydroxocobalamin), Mopride (mosapride citrate), Foliromin (ferrous sodium citrate), and Ulstop (famotidine). These medications were appropriately incorporated into the active medication list, and there were no identified reconciliation problems.
As per the records, our general and gastroenterological surgery department prescribed a 28-day course of B-Red (hydroxocobalamin), Mopride (mosapride citrate), Foliromin (ferrous sodium citrate), and Ulstop (famotidine) to this patient on 2023-06-20 due to his post subtotal gastrectomy status. These drugs have been correctly incorporated into the active medication list, and no reconciliation issues were identified.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
Lab results on 2024-07-09 were within normal limits, and vital signs remained stable throughout the hospitalization. No medication discrepancies were identified.
[MedRec]
2024-06-26 SOAP General and Gastroenterological Surgery Zhang YaoRen
2024-06-14 ~ 2024-06-15 POMR General and Gastroenterological Surgery Zhang YaoRen
2024-06-12 SOAP General and Gastroenterological Surgery Zhang YaoRen
2024-06-03 SOAP General and Gastroenterological Surgery Zhang YaoRen
2024-05-13 SOAP General and Gastroenterological Surgery Zhang YaoRen
2024-02-26 SOAP General and Gastroenterological Surgery Zhang YaoRen
….-..-..
2017-03-20 SOAP General and Gastroenterological Surgery Zhang YaoRen
[ribociclib treatment schedule and neutropenia management]
Kisqali (ribociclib) was initiated on 2024-06-15 with a standard daily dose of 600mg. However, the prescribed regimen did not exactly match the recommended “21 days of use followed by a 7-day rest period to complete a 28-day treatment cycle,” as there was no clear 1-week rest period.
Ribociclib is associated with neutropenia (69% to 78%; grade 3: 46% to 55%; grade 4: 7% to 10%). The recommendations for managing neutropenia are:
Grade 3 neutropenia was noted on 2024-07-08 for the first time with ribociclib. It is recommended to interrupt ribociclib treatment until recovery to grade 2 or lower, then resume ribociclib at the same dose.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[immunochemotherapy]
Hypokalemia was noted on 2024-07-08. Oral potassium supplementation (Const-K) is currently used, no medication problems found.
[lab data]
2023-11-28 HLA A-high 11:01
2023-11-28 HLA A-high 24:02
2023-11-28 HLA B-high 27:04
2023-11-28 HLA B-high 35:01
2023-11-28 HLA C-high 08:01
2023-11-28 HLA C-high 12:02
2023-11-28 HLA DQ-high 03:01
2023-11-28 HLA DQ-high 03:03
2023-11-28 HLA DR-high 12:01
2023-11-28 HLA DR-high 12:02
2023-09-13 FLT3-D835 (bone marrow) Undetectable
2023-09-11 CD2 NA
2023-09-11 CD3 3.4
2023-09-11 CD4 NA
2023-09-11 CD5 1.3
2023-09-11 CD7 98.6
2023-09-11 CD8 NA
2023-09-11 CD10 2.4
2023-09-11 CD11b 32.8
2023-09-11 CD13 94.7
2023-09-11 CD14 1.2
2023-09-11 CD15 NA
2023-09-11 CD16 0.76
2023-09-11 CD19 6.2
2023-09-11 CD19/kappa NA
2023-09-11 CD19/Lambda NA
2023-09-11 CD20 1.8
2023-09-11 CD23 NA
2023-09-11 CD25 NA
2023-09-11 CD33 85.2
2023-09-11 CD34 90.6
2023-09-11 CD38 NA
2023-09-11 CD56 0.4
2023-09-11 CD103 NA
2023-09-11 CD117 98.5
2023-09-11 CD138 NA
2023-09-11 FMC7 NA
2023-09-11 HLA-DR 99.1
2023-09-11 MPO NA
2023-09-11 TdT NA
2023-09-11 FLT3/ITD (bone marrow) Presence of mutation
2023-09-11 NPM1 (bone marrow) Undetectable
2023-09-11 LDH 276 U/L
2023-09-09 LDH 513 U/L
2023-09-05 LDH 2394 U/L
2023-09-04 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-09-04 HBsAg (Value) 0.57 S/CO
2023-09-04 Anti-HBc Nonreactive
2023-09-04 Anti-HBc-Value 0.43 S/CO
2023-09-04 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-09-04 Anti-HCV Value 0.14 S/CO
2023-09-03 LDH 1578 U/L
2023-08-31 Uric Acid 9.2 mg/dL
2023-08-31 LDH 1428 U/L
2023-08-31 WBC 351.74 x10^3/uL
2023-08-31 HGB 8.4 g/dL
2023-08-31 PLT 33 x10^3/uL
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
2023-10-18 Cardiology
2023-09-25 Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery
2023-09-01 Psychosomatic Medicine
[chemotherapy]
Rydapt (midostaurin 25mg) 2# Q12H - 2023-08-31 ~ 2023-11-07
In-hospital chemotherapy formulary (2023-02-20)
Cytarabine (conventional) - 2024-03-11 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cytarabine-conventional-drug-information
[U-Vanco dosage recommendations based on TDM results]
U-Vanco (vancomycin) 1000mg Q12H IVD is currently in use, with a TDM trough result of 9.6 µg/mL on 2024-07-07, below the recommended range of 10 to 15 µg/mL. It is advised to adjust the dosage to 1500mg Q12H or 1000mg Q8H to achieve the target range.
[HD-AraC (2nd session) & fever response (Tapimycin) - BP WNL (Sevikar hold considered)]
High-dose Ara-C, without anthracycline, was initiated on 2024-01-10. The 2nd session of this regimen was administered during this hospitalization.
A fever of 38.7’C on 2024-03-10, decreased to below 37’C today, 2024-03-11, after administration of Tapimycin (piperacillin, tazobactam).
BP since 2024-03-10, has been approximately 100/55 mmHg for 2 days. Sevikar (amlodipine, olmesartan) might be held for a few days and monitored before restarting.
[restarting posaconazole after discontinuation]
If posaconazole has been discontinued for several days (considered as washed out), it’s recommended to reintroduce the drug with a loading dose, specifically, 300 mg BID for two doses, then switch to a maintenance dose of 300 mg QD.
[leukopenia]
The patient was administered her initial dose of the cytarabine/daunorubicin (7+3) regimen on 2023-09-04. A week later, on 2023-09-11, her WBC count reached its lowest point at 0.84K/uL, after which an upward trend was noted.
2023-09-13 WBC 1.23 x10^3/uL 2023-09-11 WBC 0.84 x10^3/uL * 2023-09-10 WBC 1.02 x10^3/uL 2023-09-09 WBC 1.05 x10^3/uL 2023-09-08 WBC 1.09 x10^3/uL 2023-09-07 WBC 1.69 x10^3/uL 2023-09-06 WBC 8.35 x10^3/uL 2023-09-06 WBC 24.86 x10^3/uL 2023-09-05 WBC 247.70 x10^3/uL 2023-09-04 WBC 355.71 x10^3/uL 2023-09-03 WBC 366.64 x10^3/uL 2023-09-02 WBC 370.59 x10^3/uL 2023-09-02 WBC 361.09 x10^3/uL 2023-09-01 WBC 335.15 x10^3/uL
[thrombocytopenia]
Prior to receiving her first dose of the cytarabine/daunorubicin (7+3) regimen on 2023-09-04, the patient was already in a state of thrombocytopenia. Following the administration of chemotherapy, her platelet count (PLT) continued to decline, reaching 23K/uL on 2023-09-13, the day a blood transfusion was performed. Blood transfusions were also administered on the following dates: 2023-08-31, 2023-09-04, and 2023-09-08.
2023-09-13 PLT 23 x10^3/uL * 2023-09-11 PLT 54 x10^3/uL
2023-09-10 PLT 83 x10^3/uL
2023-09-09 PLT 124 x10^3/uL
2023-09-08 PLT 29 x10^3/uL
2023-09-07 PLT 52 x10^3/uL
2023-09-06 PLT 102 x10^3/uL
2023-09-06 PLT 125 x10^3/uL
2023-09-05 PLT 48 x10^3/uL
2023-09-04 PLT 69 x10^3/uL
2023-09-03 PLT 79 x10^3/uL
2023-09-02 PLT 75 x10^3/uL
2023-09-02 PLT 102 x10^3/uL
2023-09-01 PLT 111 x10^3/uL
For this admission, the patient was initially admitted through the emergency department and this is her first time seeking medical care at this hospital. There are no records available from PharmaCloud and no medication reconciliation issues have been identified.
[exam findings] (not completed)
2024-06-26 SONO - abdomen
2024-05-20, -05-19, -05-05 CXR
2024-05-09 Bronchoscopy
2024-05-09 Miniprobe Endoscopic Ultrasound
2024-05-08 Tc-99m MDP bone scan
2024-05-07 PET
2024-05-06 MRI - brain
2024-05-06
2024-05-06 2D transthoracic echocardiography
2024-04-24 Bladder Sonography
2024-04-24 Uroflowmetry
2024-04-23 Microsonography
2024-04-12 CT - chest
2024-04-10 Patho - esophageal biopsy
2024-04-03 SONO - abdomen
2024-03-27 Microsonography
2024-01-10 SONO - abdomen
2023-10-26 MRI - prostate
2023-10-23 CT - abdomen
2023-10-18 SONO - abdomen
2023-10-16 Tc-99m MDP bone scan
2023-10-03 Patho - prostate needle biopsy
2023-10-03 Patho - prostate needle biopsy
2023-07-26 SONO - abdomen
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
[anemia progression despite blood transfusion]
This patient has been receiving the PF regimen since 2024-05-29, and has since experienced a significant decline in HGB, reaching grade 3 (severe) anemia by July. The PF regimen, which includes cisplatin and fluorouracil, is associated with anemia incidences of up to 40% for cisplatin and unspecified rates for fluorouracil.
Although the sharp decline in HGB occurred after chemotherapy, suggesting a possible causal relationship, the patient’s HGB levels had already started decreasing before starting the PF regimen. Given that the latest PF regimen administration was at least a month ago, HGB levels would typically be expected to recover; however, the patient’s HGB has been continuously decreasing.
The patient received a blood transfusion on 2024-07-02 (the same day as the 2nd session of chemotherapy). Despite the transfusion, HGB levels have continued to fall. If the patient cannot regain hematopoietic ability or tolerate frequent transfusions (if needed), it may be necessary to further reduce the dosage or change the regimen.
[deteriorating liver function and treatment options]
The patient’s liver function is deteriorating, and BaoGan (silymarin) is currently being used. Given that BDI is increasing and is the main contributor to elevated BTI, adding Uliden (ursodeoxycholic acid) might be beneficial if clinically appropriate.
2024-07-02 ALT 90 U/L
2024-06-24 ALT 21 U/L
2024-07-02 AST 113 U/L
2024-06-24 AST 24 U/L
2024-07-02 Bilirubin direct 0.35 mg/dL
2024-06-03 Bilirubin direct 0.24 mg/dL
2024-05-29 Bilirubin direct 0.21 mg/dL
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[immunochemotherapy]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[microcytic anemia and potential cisplatin involvement]
The 50% dose reduction of cisplatin in the PF regimen has not prevented the HGB levels from decreasing, and the microcytic anemia continues to gradually worsen. The involvement of cisplatin in this condition cannot be ruled out.
The patient is also taking Giotrif (afatinib) 30mg QOD. However, the incidence of anemia with this drug has not been reported (UpToDate), making it less likely to be associated with the anemia.
2024-06-29 HGB 10.8 g/dL
2024-06-14 HGB 11.3 g/dL
2024-05-31 HGB 12.5 g/dL
2024-05-27 HGB 8.8 g/dL blood transfusion on 5/27
2024-05-22 HGB 7.9 g/dL blood transfusion on 5/23
2024-06-29 MCV 71.8 fL
2024-06-14 MCV 71.1 fL
2024-05-31 MCV 71.3 fL
[Reduced-Dose PF3 Regimen and Microcytic Anemia Management - Iron Deficiency Likely, Testing Recommended]
A reduced-dose PF3 chemotherapy regimen was initiated on 2024-04-20, with the second session commencing on 2024-05-22.
Notably, the patient’s anemia pre-dated the start of chemotherapy. Therefore, chemotherapy cannot be definitively identified as the sole cause of the anemia.
However, it is important to acknowledge that the anemia worsened after initiating the reduced-dose regimen. While the lower dose may have mitigated some effects, the chemotherapy might still be contributing to the severity of the anemia.
To address the anemia, leukocyte-poor red blood cell (LPRBC) transfusions were administered. This is considered an appropriate intervention.
The anemia has been identified as microcytic, a type of anemia commonly associated with iron deficiency.
To determine if iron supplementation is necessary, testing iron stores is recommended.
2024-05-22 HGB 7.9 g/dL
2024-05-13 HGB 9.8 g/dL
2024-05-06 HGB 9.6 g/dL
2024-04-23 HGB 9.6 g/dL
2024-04-19 HGB 9.0 g/dL
2024-04-08 HGB 10.0 g/dL
2024-04-01 HGB 10.0 g/dL
2022-11-10 HGB 11.0 g/dL
2024-05-22 MCV 68.5 fL
2024-05-13 MCV 68.8 fL
2024-05-06 MCV 68.8 fL
2024-04-23 MCV 67.3 fL
2024-04-22 MCV 68.8 fL
2024-04-19 MCV 66.1 fL
2024-04-08 MCV 67.7 fL
2024-04-01 MCV 68.3 fL
2022-11-10 MCV 68.3 fL
[lab data]
[exam findings]
[consultation]
TPN is a single-route administration method. Do not mix TPN medications with other drugs.”
Check BW QW5 and record I/O Q8H
Check one touch Q6H x2 days, if stable QD check
Please control BS < 200 mg/dl with RI sliding scale
QW1 check CBC/DC
QW1 check BUN. Cr. AST. ALT. T/D Bil. TG. ALP. rGT. Na. K. Cl. Ca. P. Mg. Zinc. Alb. Prealbumin or Transferrin
If TPN is not available, substitute with YF5 or D10W.
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[alternative needed: Avodart and tube-feeding issues]
Avodart (dutasteride) is not suitable for tube-feeding due to its formulation and potential adverse effects.
Urief (Silodosin 8mg) may be considered as an alternative and is currently in use.
Our urologist suggested (2024-06-29) that Oxbu (oxybutynin) could be given. This drug is designed as an extended release and can be halved, 0.5# BID may be an option.
[hepatic impairment and medication adjustment]
Liver damage is observed.
Amiorone (amiodarone) dosage adjustment is likely necessary in patients with significant hepatic impairment. No specific guidelines available. If hepatic enzymes exceed 3 times normal or double in a patient with an elevated baseline, consider reducing the dose or discontinuing amiodarone.
Use of Tramacet is not recommended (acetaminophen and tramadol undergo extensive hepatic metabolism).
2024-07-01 ALT 234 U/L
2024-06-28 ALT 405 U/L
2024-06-20 ALT 44 U/L
2024-07-01 AST 69 U/L
2024-06-28 AST 93 U/L
2024-06-20 AST 29 U/L
2024-07-01 Albumin (BCG) 2.9 g/dL
2024-06-28 Albumin (BCG) 3.4 g/dL
2024-07-01 r-GT 155 U/L
2024-06-03 r-GT 15 U/L
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[monitoring slowed decline in CEA levels; liver metastases progression on current FOLFOX]
Lab data indicates that the CEA level continues to decline, however the rate of decrease has slowed, warranting further attention. Additionally, the 2024-06-15 CT scan showed progression of liver metastases. The current FOLFOX regimen remains unchanged, as liver and kidney functions are stable, and no dosage adjustments are necessary.
[FOLFOX treatment, decreasing CEA
]
The patient received FOLFOX chemotherapy on 2024-04-22, 2024-05-06 and 2024-05-29.
A noticeable decrease in CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) levels has been observed. This could be an indication of the treatment’s effectiveness.
No inconsistencies were found in the patient’s medication list upon cross-referencing HIS5 and PharmaCloud databases.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[addressing daytime fatigue by modifying medication schedule]
I visited the patient late this morning. The patient was in bed while her husband rested on a nearby bench. The patient mentioned that her sleep quality has been poor recently due to frequent nighttime trips to the bathroom, which leaves her feeling very tired during the day.
Currently, Dulcolax (bisacodyl) is administered as HS. If the administration time is changed to earlier in the day, such as between lunch and dinner, it might help the patient to have bowel movements earlier before the bedtime. This adjustment could even make it possible to discontinue Zolon (zopiclone) HS, depending on the patient’s condition.
[elevated conjugated bilirubin: Uliden considered]
The primary contributor to the elevated total bilirubin appears to be conjugated bilirubin. Currently Buscopan (hyoscine-N-butylbromide) is in use since 2024-05-23.
If no contraindications are identified, adding Uliden (ursodeoxycholic acid 100mg) 1# BID or TID may be considered.
Maintaining bile flow throughout treatment is crucial to prevent biliary obstruction.
[elevated liver function tests and possible pancreatic cancer link]
Multiple liver function tests are elevated. It is unclear if this is related to the underlying pancreatic cancer.
The addition of BaoGan (silymarin) as a potential treatment option can be considered.
[exam findings]
pen_spark , ARFI - Number of image frames: 12 - Parameter Value - Median: 1.57 m/s - IQR: 0.21 m/s - IQR/Median: 13.1 % - Equivalent to Metavir Score: F2 - Hepatic fibrosis degree adopted by health insurance Instrument reference value - F0： ARFI < 1.30 m/s F0： ARFI < 1.35 m/s - F1： 1.3 <= ARFI < 1.50 m/s F1： 1.35 ~ 1.66 m/s - F2： 1.5 <= ARFI < 1.81 m/s F2： 1.66 ~ 1.77 m/s - F3： 1.81 <= ARFI < 1.98 m/s F3： 1.77 ~ 1.99 m/s - F4： 1.98 <= ARFI F4： 1.99 < ARFI
[immunochemotherapy]
[potential drug-induced thrombocytopenia]
Historical lab data shows a long-term decline in platelet levels. The patient’s treatment with atezolizumab and bevacizumab overlaps with this period, so the influence of these medications cannot be ruled out. Literature reports an incidence of immune thrombocytopenia of less than 1% with atezolizumab, while bevacizumab is associated with a much higher incidence of thrombocytopenia (58%; grades 3/4: 20% to 40%).
If clinically judged to be at risk of bleeding, a platelet transfusion might be considered.
The current treatment regimen has been switched to durvalumab, which has also been reported to cause immune thrombocytopenia. Please continue to monitor platelet levels.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[pain management]
Patient’s pain score on VAS was recorded as 5 on 2024-05-14. Please assess the adequacy of the current acetaminophen regimen for pain management.
[reconciliation]
Vital signs during this hospitalization are stable, and lab results on 2024-03-15 were unremarkable. No medication discrepancies are noted.
[check to see if the tachycardia is transient]
Lab results from 2024-01-31 were largely within normal ranges, and vital signs from the TPR panel remained within normal limits, with the exception of tachycardia, noted as HR 113 this morning. Should the tachycardia prove to be transient, proceeding with chemotherapy administration should not be deemed contraindicated.
[reconciliation]
This patient’s PhamaCloud record shows receipt of Epine (quetiapine 200mg) on 2023-12-15 from MOHW Bali Psychiatric Center. It has now been replaced with Otzuka (aripiprazole 15mg). Notably, both medications carry boxed warnings regarding increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis and potential suicidal thoughts or behavior. HIS5 records showed the patient’s 2 past consultations for suicidal thoughts scores of 2 or higher in the Psychosomatic Medicine department, close monitoring of potential suicidal ideation and behavior is strongly advised.
Additionally, our Psychosomatic Medicine specialist suggested lorazepam on 2023-12-30, yet it isn’t listed in the active medication list. It is recommended a check of the need for lorazepam.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[reconciliation]
The lab results from 2024-03-21 were generally within normal ranges, and the patient has maintained stable vital signs throughout the hospital stay.
There appears to be no contraindication to proceeding with the 5th session of FOLFOX chemotherapy, and no discrepancies in medication have been noted.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
2024-06-24 - leucovorin 300mg/m2 660mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4000mg NS 500mL 46hr
2024-06-03 - leucovorin 300mg/m2 660mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4000mg NS 500mL 46hr
2024-05-17 - leucovorin 300mg/m2 500mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4000mg NS 500mL 46hr
2024-04-25 - leucovorin 300mg/m2 500mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4000mg NS 500mL 46hr
2024-04-01 - [leucovorin 400mg/m2 675mg NS 250mL 24 + fluorouracil 600mg/m2 1000mg NS 250mL 24hr] D1-2 (CCRT)
2024-03-08 - [leucovorin 400mg/m2 675mg NS 250mL 24 + fluorouracil 600mg/m2 1000mg NS 250mL 24hr] D1-2 (CCRT)
2024-02-15 - oxaliplatin 65mg/m2 110mg D5W 250mL 2hr + leucovorin 300mg/m2 500mg NS 250mL 2hr …………………………………….. + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 3800mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFOX)
2024-02-01 - oxaliplatin 65mg/m2 110mg D5W 250mL 2hr + leucovorin 300mg/m2 500mg NS 250mL 2hr …………………………………….. + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 3800mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFOX)
2024-01-15 - oxaliplatin 75mg/m2 120mg D5W 250mL 2hr + leucovorin 400mg/m2 600mg NS 250mL 2hr …………………………………….. + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4000mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFOX)
2023-12-25 - oxaliplatin 75mg/m2 120mg D5W 250mL 2hr + leucovorin 400mg/m2 600mg NS 250mL 2hr …………………………………….. + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4000mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFOX)
2023-12-04 - oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 140mg D5W 250mL 2hr + leucovorin 400mg/m2 600mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 400mg/m2 600mg NS 100mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4000mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFOX)
2023-11-09 - oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 140mg D5W 250mL 2hr + leucovorin 400mg/m2 600mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 400mg/m2 600mg NS 100mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4000mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFOX)
[enlarged lymph nodes on CT scan]
During this hospitalization, the patient’s blood glucose levels ranged from approximately 120 to 170 mg/dL, which is elevated but still acceptable. A CT scan on 2024-06-06 showed enlarged lymph nodes (up to 1.5 cm) in the mediastinum that were not previously described in earlier imaging and should be followed up. Except for pancytopenia, the lab results on 2024-06-24 were generally good. No medication discrepancies were identified.
[reconciliation]
Laboratory results from 2024-04-01 were grossly normal, revealing no evidences that would prevent the administration of chemotherapy as part of the CCRT plan. Additionally, a review of medications found no discrepancies.
[leukopenia trend with FOLFOX - CCRT considerations for immune function]
Leukopenia episodes (WBC < 4K/uL) were observed before and during the 6 administrations of the FOLFOX regimen from 2023-11-09 to 2024-02-16, with a slowly declining trend. Therefore, the influence of FOLFOX on leukopenia cannot be excluded.
LV + 5-FU for CCRT was administered on 2024-03-08 and 2024-03-09, but its effect is unlikely to have influenced the laboratory data on 2024-03-08. G-CSF has not been used since 2024-03-08. It is recommended to use G-CSF prior to CCRT if leukopenia is expected to compromise immunity.
Lab testing demonstrated a blood ferritin level of 18.9 ng/mL (2024-01-15), which falls below the normal range. Therefore, initiating oral iron supplementation may be beneficial to maintain adequate iron stores in this patient.
[reconciliation]
Leukopenia was identified in lab results on 2023-12-25. Consequently, the 5-FU bolus was omitted, and the Oxaliplatin dose was adjusted to 75mg/m2 from the originally planned 85mg/m2 for this chemotherapy session.
Despite vitamin B12 supplementation during this chemotherapy session, the patient’s mean corpuscular volume (MCV) on 2023-12-25 (79fL) remained below the lower limit of normal. This suggests mild microcytic anemia, potentially due to iron deficiency. Iron supplementation could therefore be helpful to raise the iron content of RBC, addressing this issue.
2023-12-04 HGB 11.5 g/dL < 13.5 and MCV 77.8 fL < 80. It is suggested to consider some vitamin and mineral supplements:
[exam findings] (not completed)
[immunochemotherapy]
[exam findings]
[immunochemotherapy]
[Improved CA199 Marker Suggests Potential Treatment Benefit
]
A negative RAS/BRAF test (2024-05-02) suggests potential benefit from EGFRi therapy.
CA199 Marker: While the CA199 tumor marker level showed an increase in May, it appears to have decreased somewhat recently.
Possible Treatment Effect: This decline could potentially indicate positive effects from the FOLFIRI plus Erbitux treatment regimen being administrated on 2024-05-09 and 2024-05-31.
Lab results on 2024-06-20 revealed mild hyperbilirubinemia. However, this finding is unlikely to prevent the patient from proceeding with the planned therapy.
No medication discrepancies were found.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
2024-05-03 Infectious Disease
2024-04-29 Urology
2024-02-23 Urology
2024-02-01 Hemato-Oncology
2024-01-25 Colorectal Surgery
2024-01-24 Urology
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[Laboratory Results Favorable for Paclitaxel and Carboplatin Treatment]
Recent lab tests on 2024-06-20 show mostly normal results, including tumor markers CA125 and CA199. This suggests no significant obstacles to proceeding with the planned fifth cycle of paclitaxel and carboplatin treatment.
A review of medication records revealed no discrepancies.
[diagnosis] - 2023-03-21 admission note
[past history]
[allergy]
[family history]
[exam findings]
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
[latest lab results and ongoing neuropathy prevention strategies]
No recent imaging updates are available since the last CT scan conducted on 2024-02-16.
The tumor marker CEA has continued to decrease, while CA199 has returned to normal levels. Other lab results from 2024-04-22, were also unremarkable.
B-Red (hydroxocobalamin) is currently being used as a prophylactic measure against chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. While there is evidence supporting the use of vitamin B12 for diabetic neuropathy, its efficacy in preventing chemotherapy-induced neuropathy remains inconclusive, according to the latest reviews in the UpToDate database.
2024-04-22 CEA 7.38 ng/mL
2024-04-09 CEA 7.89 ng/mL
2024-03-06 CEA 13.98 ng/mL
2024-04-22 CA199 23.71 U/mL
2024-04-09 CA199 22.84 U/mL
2024-03-06 CA199 23.57 U/mL
[reconciliation]
No inconsistencies in medication management were found during a detailed review of both the HIS5 and PharmaCloud databases.
The patient visited a local clinic on 2023-06-13 for her primary hypertension. She was prescribed Norvasc (amlodipine 5mg) to be taken once daily. This medication is now on the patient’s active medication list as a self-carried item with no reconciliation issues identified.
During this hospital stay, the patient has experienced vomiting 3 to 4 times while on metoclopramide. If the symptom persists, it may be worth considering prescribing prochlorperazine upon discharge.
On 2023-04-06, the patient’s lab data showed normal readings except for an elevated CEA of 6.38ng/mL. It seems that the patient is tolerating the treatment well.
On 2023-03-07, the patient was observed to have neutropenia. However, there was no administration of G-CSF and no reduction of the regimen dosage. Despite this, there have been no new episodes of neutropenia observed as of the present time.
2023-03-16 WBC 6.12 x10^3/uL
2023-03-07 WBC 2.92 x10^3/uL
2023-03-02 WBC 6.36 x10^3/uL
2023-02-14 WBC 4.11 x10^3/uL
2023-03-16 Neutrophil 66.7 %
2023-03-07 Neutrophil 39.1 %
2023-03-02 Neutrophil 67.7 %
2023-02-14 Neutrophil 63.0 %
According to today’s (2023-03-23) CT results, there is a significant regression of D-colon cancer, peritoneal seeding, lymph nodes, lung, and liver metastases. These findings suggest that the Avastin + FOLFIRI regimen is still effective.
The patient’s medical history indicates that her mother had DM. However, there is no record of the patient’s HbA1c test result in HIS 5, which is a recommended test to monitor and manage diabetes.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
2024-05-15 ~ undergoing - Tamos (temozolomide) 260mg QDAC
2024-04-15 - irinotecan 120mg/m2 200mg D5W 250mL 1.5hr + leucovorin 400mg/m2 690mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 400mg/m2 690mg NS 250mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4000mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFIRI)
2024-03-27 - irinotecan 120mg/m2 200mg D5W 250mL 1.5hr + leucovorin 400mg/m2 690mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 400mg/m2 690mg NS 250mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4000mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFIRI)
2024-03-07 - irinotecan 120mg/m2 200mg D5W 250mL 1.5hr + leucovorin 400mg/m2 690mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 400mg/m2 690mg NS 250mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4000mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFIRI)
2024-02-15 - oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 146mg D5W 250mL 2hr + leucovorin 400mg/m2 685mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 400mg/m2 685mg NS 250mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4000mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFOX)
2024-01-31 - oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 146mg D5W 250mL 2hr + leucovorin 400mg/m2 685mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 400mg/m2 685mg NS 250mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4000mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFOX)
2024-01-15 - oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 146mg D5W 250mL 2hr + leucovorin 400mg/m2 685mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 400mg/m2 685mg NS 250mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4000mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFOX)
2023-12-29 - ………………………………….. leucovorin 400mg/m2 685mg NS 250mL 2hr …………………………………….. + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4000mg NS 500mL 46hr (Yang MuJun)
2023-08-31 ~ 2023-12-14 - Vepesid (etoposide 50mg) 1# QDAC PO
2023-08-08 - [etoposide 80mg/m2 135mg NS 500mL 2hr + cisplatin 25mg/m2 40mg NS 500mL 3hr] D1-3 (Xia HeXiong)
2023-07-19 - [etoposide 80mg/m2 135mg NS 500mL 2hr + cisplatin 25mg/m2 40mg NS 500mL 3hr] D1-3 (Xia HeXiong)
2023-06-29 - [etoposide 80mg/m2 135mg NS 500mL 2hr + cisplatin 25mg/m2 40mg NS 500mL 3hr] D1-3 (Xia HeXiong)
2023-06-08 - [etoposide 80mg/m2 135mg NS 500mL 2hr + cisplatin 25mg/m2 40mg NS 500mL 3hr] D1-3 (Xia HeXiong)
2023-05-16 - [etoposide 80mg/m2 135mg NS 500mL 2hr + cisplatin 25mg/m2 40mg NS 500mL 3hr] D1-3 (Xia HeXiong)
2023-04-20 - [etoposide 80mg/m2 135mg NS 500mL 2hr + cisplatin 25mg/m2 40mg NS 500mL 3hr] D1-3 (Xia HeXiong)
2022-03-22 - [etoposide 100mg/m2 160mg NS 500mL 2hr + cisplatin 25mg/m2 40mg NS 200mL 3hr] D1-3 (You ZhiQin)
2022-03-01 - [etoposide 100mg/m2 160mg NS 500mL 2hr + cisplatin 25mg/m2 40mg NS 200mL 3hr] D1-3 (You ZhiQin)
2022-02-08 - [etoposide 100mg/m2 160mg NS 500mL 2hr + cisplatin 25mg/m2 40mg NS 200mL 3hr] D1-3 (You ZhiQin)
2022-01-12 - [etoposide 100mg/m2 160mg NS 500mL 2hr + cisplatin 25mg/m2 40mg NS 200mL 3hr] D1-3 (You ZhiQin)
[initiation of temozolomide for lung metastases progression]
On 2024-05-16, a CT scan revealed progression of lung metastases, leading to the initiation of Tamos (temozolomide) at 260 mg QDAC. Lab results on 2024-06-18 were grossly normal. No medication discrepancies were identified after reviewing HIS5 and PharmaCloud.
[neutropenia]
(not used) The patient’s last chemotherapy treatment before the lab result on 2023-12-28 was on 2023-08-08. Due to the long time interval between the treatment and the neutropenia episode, it is difficult to conclude with certainty that the neutropenia was directly caused by the previous chemotherapy.
A 28-day supply of oral etoposide was prescribed on 2023-11-16. This medication carries a known risk of leukopenia, with an incidence ranging from 60% to 91%. The severity can reach grade 4 in 3% to 17% of cases, with the nadir typically occurring 7 to 14 days after administration and recovery expected by day 20.
In response to the patient’s leukopenia, two days of Granocyte (lenograstim 250ug) were promptly administered.
The patient recently renewed his repeat prescription for Diovan (valsartan) for a 28-day supply on 2023-08-07. This medication has been added to the active list of medications without an identified reconciliation problem.
According to the PharmaCloud database, this patient regularly refills his prescription for Diovan (valsartan) to treat his primary hypertension. This medication was correctly added to the active formulary and no issues were identified during the medication reconciliation process.
According to PharmaCloud data, this patient has only sought medical treatment at our hospital. No issues with medication reconciliation were identified.
The latest lab data, collected on 2023-06-06, shows largely normal results and readings from the TPR panel are stable. There are no issues with the current prescription.
The patient’s prostate cancer was pathologically confirmed as small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma on 2021-12-01. Given the histologic characteristics of small cell components, the regimens used for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are considered preferable. Therefore, the patient received both cisplatin (25mg/m2) and etoposide (100mg/m2) on days 1 to 3 for 4 cycles in the first quarter of 2022. The same regimen was restarted (etoposide at 80mg/m2) on 2023-04-20 due to a lung wedge biopsy performed on 2023-03-17 that indicated metastatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. The treatment is currently ongoing.
There were no notable abnormalities found in the TPR panel and lab data from 2023-05-16. In addition, no medication reconciliation issues were identified.
{triple negative breast cancer}
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
docetaxel 75mg/m2 and carboplatin AUC 6, cycled every 21 days x 4-6 cycles, preoperative setting only - NCCN 2022-06-21
PREOPERATIVE/ADJUVANT THERAPY REGIMENS - HER2-Negativeb (Breast Cancer NCCN Guidelines 20220621 Version 4.2022, BINV-L 1 OF 9, p55)
According to PharmaCloud records, the patient has only been seen at our hospital for the past three months. After reviewing the HIS5 records, no medication reconciliation issues were identified.
[Trodelvy (sacituzumab govitecan)]
Trodelvy (sacituzumab govitecan) has received approval from the TFDA and is prescribed for two specific indications:
However, it’s important to note that this medication is not currently covered by the NHI program. Therefore, it may pose a financial burden for patients who are economically disadvantaged.
[exam findings]
[chemotherapy]
[EPS treatments]
Acute extrapyramidal syndromes (EPS), such as dystonic reactions and akathisia, can treated with diphenhydramine (25 to 50 mg IV in adults, 30 mg was given as premedication with FOLFOX today). Benztropine (1 to 2 mg IV in adults, not available here) may be used initially, or if diphenhydramine therapy fails. Response is often dramatic and typically occurs within minutes of intravenous drug administration. Although the IV route is preferred, both diphenhydramine and benztropine may be given IM or orally. If initial treatment is successful, therapy is continued orally for two to three days to prevent recurrence.
Alternative treatments for EPS include benzodiazepines (eg, lorazepam 1 to 2 mg IV in adults, 1 mg IV at around 12:00 and 13:20 administered), amantadine (100 mg orally twice or three times daily in adults), or biperiden (2 mg orally in adults). At least two controlled studies have shown amantadine to be as effective as anticholinergic therapy, with fewer side effects. Propranolol (20 to 40 mg initial dose) reduces involuntary movements in akathisia, but does not reduce anxiety. A randomized trial of 13 patients with acute akathisia from antipsychotic medications reported a benefit from trazodone (100 mg/day orally in adults).
Ref: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/first-generation-typical-antipsychotic-medication-poisoning
{gastric cancer, T1a pN3a (6/32) cM0, pStage: IIB, s/p Op on 20220414}
[exam findings] (not completed)
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemoimmunotherapy]
COXAL01 Oxalip package insert - 2024-06-19
Chemotherapy regimens for locally advanced, potentially resectable gastric or gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma: Perioperative docetaxel, oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin (FLOT4) - 2024-05-24 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=ONC%2F120512
[Neutropenia Resolved, Leukocytosis Developed - FLOT Chemo Planned]
The neutropenia reached its nadir on 2024-05-20. There is no longer any evidence of neutropenia.
Conversely, leukocytosis has now developed. The second session of FLOT chemotherapy is scheduled for 2024-05-24.
2024-05-23 Neutrophil 70.8 %
2024-05-20 Neutrophil 19.6 % ***
2024-05-16 Neutrophil 80.4 %
2024-05-23 WBC 20.07 x10^3/uL
2024-05-20 WBC 1.56 x10^3/uL ***
2024-05-16 WBC 2.96 x10^3/uL
2024-05-13 WBC 8.18 x10^3/uL
2024-05-09 WBC 9.57 x10^3/uL
2024-05-07 WBC 9.30 x10^3/uL
2024-04-29 WBC 7.95 x10^3/uL
2024-04-23 WBC 8.23 x10^3/uL
The serum ALT level trended upward.
The use of oxaliplatin has been associated with an increase in ALT levels (incidence of 36% with monotherapy)
There is no need to adjust the dosage of the components in the current regimen of FOLFOX.
The addition of pyridostigmine as a self-carried item is recommended for the patient with myasthenia gravis since this medication has no known heavy interactions with the active prescription.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[large mediastinal tumor compressing heart]
A CT scan conducted on 2024-06-04 revealed the following findings:
A WBC differential count on 2024-06-06 showed a left-shifted distribution. Normal blood IgG, IgA, IgM levels were observed, along with elevated kappa and lambda free light chains and beta-2 microglobulin.
Lymphoma and/or mediastinal tumors are suspected. The pericardial effusion appears symptomatic; percutaneous pericardiocentesis might be considered. This approach, if feasible, could physically relieve the pressure on the heart more effectively than medication.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
Lab readings on 2024-06-17 showed grossly normal values and no medication discrepancies identified after review of HIS5 and PharmaCloud database.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[mild macrocytosis observed despite vitamin B12 supplementation]
The lab results on 2024-06-17 were grossly normal and did not pose an contraindication to the current FOLFOX therapy.
Iron storage appears adequate, as evidenced by normal ferritin levels. Mild macrocytosis is noted, and Kentamin, which includes Vitamin B12, is currently in use. If macrocytosis persists, the use of B-Red (hydroxocobalamin) and/or folate might be further considered.
2024-06-17 HGB 10.4 g/dL
2024-06-17 MCV 103.4 fL
2024-06-04 Ferritin 76.6 ng/mL
2024-04-30 Ferritin 72.9 ng/mL
[exam findings]
[improving kidney function, but high Brosym dose needed adjustment]
The patient’s kidney function is showing signs of improvement based on recent eGFR lab results. However, her kidney function is still far from normal.
According to the Sanford Guide, sulbactam-cefoperazone dosage needs adjustment in patients with creatinine clearance below 30 mL/min to account for reduced sulbactam clearance.
Currently, the patient is receiving Brosym 4 grams Q12H, which is double the recommended dose. It is recommended adjusting the Brosym dosage to 2 grams Q12H
[NCCN guidelines for ccRCC treatment and NHI reimbursement policies]
This patient was recently diagnosed with grade 2 clear cell renal cell carcinoma, T2aN1M1, stage IV, with right iliac bone metastasis.
According to the NCCN guidelines (version 2024-05-30), preferred regimens for favorable-risk patients include:
The NHI reimbursement policy for each of the drugs in the regimens is as follows:
[MedRec]
2024-06-14 ~ 2024-06-15 POMR General and Gastroenterological Surgery Zhang YaoRen
2024-05-29 SOAP General and Gastrointestinal Surgery Chen JiaHui
2024-05-23 ~ 2024-05-25 POMR General and Gastroenterological Surgery Zhang YaoRen
2024-05-05 ~ 2024-05-07 POMR General and Gastroenterological Surgery Zhang YaoRen
2024-04-17 ~ 2024-04-19 POMR General and Gastroenterological Surgery Zhang YaoRen
2024-04-15 SOAP General and Gastroenterological Surgery Zhang YaoRen
2024-04-08 SOAP General and Gastroenterological Surgery Zhang YaoRen
2024-04-01 ~ 2024-04-02 POMR General and Gastroenterological Surgery Zhang YaoRen
2024-03-19 SOAP Surgical Emergency Wu MengYu
2024-03-15 ~ 2024-03-17 POMR General and Gastroenterological Surgery Zhang YaoRen
2024-01-01 ~ 2024-01-03 POMR General and Gastroenterological Surgery Zhang YaoRen
2023-11-19 ~ 2023-11-21 POMR General and Gastroenterological Surgery Zhang YaoRen
[chemotherapy]
Talsenna (talazoparib 0.25mg) 2# QDCC - 2024-06-14 ~ 2024-06-24 Talsenna (talazoparib 0.25mg) 3# QDCC - 2024-05-23 ~ 2024-06-02 Talsenna (talazoparib 0.25mg) 4# QDCC - 2024-05-06 ~ 2024-05-16 Talsenna (talazoparib 0.25mg) 4# QDCC - 2024-04-18 ~ 2024-04-26 Talsenna (talazoparib 0.25mg) 3# QDCC - 2024-03-16 ~ 2024-06-02 Talsenna (talazoparib 0.25mg) 4# QDCC - 2024-01-01 ~ 2024-03-15
[potential need for further supplementation beyond iron]
In the past half-month, there has been a noticeable decline in WBC and HGB levels. During this period, Talsenna (talazoparib) was already being administered at a reduced dose of 0.75 mg daily. Due to the continued occurrence of leukopenia and anemia, the dosage was further reduced to 0.5 mg daily starting from 2024-06-14.
2024-06-14 WBC 1.64 x10^3/uL
2024-05-23 WBC 2.38 x10^3/uL
2024-05-05 WBC 3.80 x10^3/uL
2024-06-14 HGB 7.4 g/dL
2024-05-23 HGB 10.9 g/dL
2024-05-05 HGB 12.3 g/dL
Additionally, despite several months of Foliromin (ferrous sodium citrate) supplementation, the concurrent occurrence of macrocytosis suggests that the anemia may not be solely due to iron deficiency. It is recommended to further assess iron storage and/or Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) and folate levels to determine if supplementation of the latter two is needed.
[neutropenia (ANC 576) - Talsenna withheld, consider restart at 0.5mg daily if ANC > 1.5K]
Talsenna (talazoparib) was last prescribed at a reduced dose of 0.75mg daily on 2024-03-17 for a 15-day course, ending on 2024-04-01.
Recent lab results, however, revealed grade 3 neutropenia with an ANC of 576/uL.
It is recommended to hold Talsenna therapy until the neutrophil count recovers above 1,500/uL. If continuing treatment is deemed necessary, resuming therapy at a further reduced dose of 0.5mg daily should be considered.
[guidelines for talazoparib dose reduction in case of low WBC]
The patient has been receiving the PARP inhibitor Talsenna (talazoparib) since the beginning of 2024 and continues to do so.
The regimen involves a standard dose of talazoparib, 1mg once daily.
2024-03-15 WBC 1.78 x10^3/uL
2024-02-23 WBC 3.49 x10^3/uL
2024-02-07 WBC 2.35 x10^3/uL
2024-02-01 WBC 4.53 x10^3/uL
2024-03-15 Neutrophil 66.3 %
2024-02-23 Neutrophil 69.9 %
2024-02-07 Neutrophil 70.6 %
2024-02-01 Neutrophil 72.8 %
As of the lab data on 2024-03-15, the patient’s renal and liver functions were within normal ranges.
Talazoparib is known to have a 68% incidence of neutropenia, with 17% of cases being grade 3 and 3% grade 4.
On 2024-03-15, the ANC was calculated to be 1.18 K/uL, indicating no need for dose reduction at this time. However, should the WBC count drop below 1K/uL, it is advisable to resume therapy at a reduced dose of 0.75mg daily.
The dosage of the medication was adjusted to 0.75mg once daily during the hospitalization on 2024-03-16.
[lab data]
2023-09-13 HBV-DNA-PCR Target Not Detected IU/mL
2023-09-11 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-09-11 HBsAg (Value) 0.49 S/CO
2023-09-11 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-09-11 Anti-HCV Value 0.12 S/CO
2023-09-11 Anti-HBc Reactive
2023-09-11 Anti-HBc-Value 5.99 S/CO
[exam findings]
2024-05-24 PTCD (percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage)
2024-05-18 CT - abdomen
2024-04-02 Nerve Conduction Velocity, NCV
2024-04-02 Nerve Conduction Velocity, NCV
2024-02-19 Tc-99m MDP bone scan with SPECT
2024-02-17 CT - abdomen
2024-01-24 Patho - stomach biopsy
2024-01-24 EGD
2024-01-23 MRI - brain
2023-12-14 ENT Hearing Test
2023-11-14 CT - abdomen
2023-08-29 Patho - liver partial resection
2023-08-14 PET
2023-07-19 CT - abdomen
2023-07-04 SONO - abdomen for follow-up
2023-03-30 Patho - liver partial resection
2023-03-17 CT - abdomen
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[Post-PTCD Concerns: Elevated Bilirubin & Rising CA-199 Marker]
Recent PTCD and Follow-up Concerns: The patient recently underwent percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage (PTCD) on 2024-05-24. However, her total bilirubin level has since risen to 2.71 mg/dL. This elevation may warrant consideration of another PTCD procedure if symptoms reappear.
2024-06-16 Bilirubin total 2.71 mg/dL
2024-06-12 Bilirubin total 1.62 mg/dL
2024-06-03 Bilirubin total 1.96 mg/dL
2024-06-16 Bilirubin direct 1.66 mg/dL
2024-06-03 Bilirubin direct 1.10 mg/dL
Rising CA-199 Marker:
Additionally, the patient’s CA-199 tumor marker level appears to be increasing.
[drug identification]
Since the drug to be identified is an unpackaged tablet, its quality and expiration date cannot be confirmed, so the response is that the drug cannot be identified.
An in-hospital porter will be sent to deliver the tablets to the ward.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
4/21 4/22 4/23 4/44[immunochemotherapy]
[hyperuricemia managed with febuxostat, preventing HBV activation with tenofovir]
Beta-2 microglobulin levels remain elevated. Hyperuricemia is currently managed with Feburic (febuxostat), and Vemlidy (tenofovir alafenamide) is used to prevent HBV reactivation. Blood sugar control is acceptable. No medication discrepancies were identified.
2024-06-15 Uric Acid 7.8 mg/dL
2024-06-12 B2-Microglobulin 7071 ng/mL
2024-05-10 B2-Microglobulin 6101 ng/mL
2024-04-08 B2-Microglobulin 7052 ng/mL
The neutropenia that developed following the administration of the R-COP regimen has now resolved.
[hypercalcemia resolved: Miacalcic - discontinuation option]
The serum calcium level has already decreased to within the normal range (albumin also in normal range). If the cause of the hypercalcemia is no longer present, Miacalcic (calcitonin) can be discontinued.
[improving kidney function & low K]
Based on the data, the patient’s kidney function is improving.
2024-03-12 Creatinine 3.88 mg/dL
2024-03-11 Creatinine 4.14 mg/dL
2024-03-09 Creatinine 4.28 mg/dL
2024-03-12 BUN 64 mg/dL
2024-03-11 BUN 67 mg/dL
2024-03-09 BUN 71 mg/dL
Serum potassium levels have fallen below the reference range, possibly due to the use of furosemide. Const-K is currently used for potassium supplementation.
Once kidney function (eGFR) has recovered to above 30 and is expected to continue improving, spironolactone can be added as an aldosterone antagonist to partially replace furosemide to maintain serum potassium levels within a reasonable range. One of the methods that is used is spironolactone 50 mg and furosemide 20 mg 2 doses daily..
[dosing strategies for calcitonin in hypercalcemic emergencies]
Calcitonin can be utilized as an adjunctive treatment for severe hypercalcemia:
It is recommended for use in conjunction with other suitable agents (such as IV hydration and bisphosphonates) for patients experiencing severe hypercalcemia (for example, symptomatic cases with an albumin-corrected serum calcium level exceeding 14 mg/dL [>3.5 mmol/L]). This is to promptly decrease serum calcium levels, while bisphosphonate therapy achieves a sustained effect.
For IM or SUBQ administration: The initial dose is 4 units/kg every 12 hours. Should the reduction in calcium prove insufficient after 6 to 12 hours, the dosage may be escalated to 8 units/kg every 6 to 12 hours. It is advisable to limit the total duration of therapy to between 24 to 48 hours due to the risk of tachyphylaxis.
[weighing denosumab for hypercalcemia with renal considerations]
Isotonic saline hydration and loop diuretics are currently being used to treat hypercalcemia.
Renal lab results:
Given the patient’s compromised renal function, the use of bisphosphonates, which have an onset of action ranging from 24 to 72 hours and a duration of action between 2 to 4 weeks, is not feasible.
Denosumab, with an onset of action between 4 to 10 days and a duration of action extending from 4 to 15 weeks, may be a viable alternative considering the risk of tachyphylaxis associated with calcitonin. If there are no clinical contraindications, denosumab at a dosage of 120 mg once weekly for up to three doses could be contemplated.
[Regpara for hypercalcemia]
Regpara (cinacalcet 25mg/tab, available in this hospital now; onset of action 2-3 days) belongs to a drug class called calcimimetics. It works by mimicking the effect of calcium on calcium-sensing receptors. This action helps to lower parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Regpara is used to treat hypercalcemia caused by conditions like parathyroid carcinoma or secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with CKD.
Initial 25 mg twice daily; may increase dose incrementally (to 50 mg twice daily, 75 mg twice daily, and 100 mg 3 to 4 times daily) every 2 to 4 weeks as necessary to normalize serum calcium levels.
[lab data]
2023-11-13 HBV-DNA-PCR Target Not Detected IU/mL
2023-11-08 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-11-08 HBsAg (Value) 0.34 S/CO
2023-11-08 Anti-HBs 538.50 mIU/mL
2023-11-08 Anti-HBc Reactive
2023-11-08 Anti-HBc-Value 6.16 S/CO
2023-11-08 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-11-08 Anti-HCV Value 0.11 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[immunochemotherapy]
[expected dyspnea improvement post-drainage; monitoring calcium levels for tachyphylaxis]
On the afternoon of 2024-06-17, a right-sided pig-tail drainage was performed via the 7th intercostal space at the posterior mid-axillary line, resulting in the smooth drainage of serosanguinous fluid. This procedure is expected to improve dyspnea.
Miacalcic (calcitonin) 100 units Q8H was initiated on 2024-06-17 for hypercalcemia. Please closely monitor calcium levels for potential tachyphylaxis.
[reconciliation]
Following lab findings on 2023-12-25 (CRP 11.5 mg/dL and erect CXR demonstrating right lower lung consolidation and blunted costophrenic angles), Brosym (cefoperazone/sulbactam) was initiated. The patient’s fever has favorably responded, decreasing to 37’C as of 2023-12-26. No medication discrepancies were noted.
This patient is currently undergoing the R-COP regimen and is also taking Vemlidy (tenofovir alafenamide) due to being anti-HBc positive. The patient’s vital signs are stable, and no discrepancies in medication have been identified.
[MedRec]
[radiotherapy]
[immunochemotherapy]
[comparing neutropenia rates: eribulin vs. bevacizumab]
Eribulin is more likely to be a major factor causing neutropenia than bevacizumab
Eribulin is associated with neutropenia incidence rates of 63% to 82%, with grades ≥3 occurring in 12% to 57% of cases. In contrast, bevacizumab is associated with neutropenia in 12% of cases, with grades 3/4 occurring in 8% to 21% of cases.
When chemotherapy-induced neutropenia develops, the use of G-CSF might be beneficial.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
[decline in liver and kidney function; managing AKI and hyperuricemia; Euricon and hydration requirements]
The patient’s liver and kidney function appear to be declining, as evidenced by increasing bilirubin levels and decreasing eGFR, with AKI confirmed by an increase in serum creatinine by ≥0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours, meeting the KDIGO guidelines for AKI.
2024-06-13 Bilirubin total 2.16 mg/dL
2024-06-11 Bilirubin total 1.75 mg/dL
2024-05-06 Bilirubin total 0.88 mg/dL
2024-06-13 Creatinine 2.03 mg/dL
2024-06-11 Creatinine 1.69 mg/dL
2024-06-13 eGFR 35.10 ml/min/1.73m^2
2024-06-11 eGFR 43.37 ml/min/1.73m^2
2024-05-15 eGFR 65.01 ml/min/1.73m^2
2024-05-06 eGFR 73.49 ml/min/1.73m^2
Euricon (benzbromarone) has been prescribed for hyperuricemia. When taking this drug, it is important to drink plenty of water to help excrete uric acid in the urine. However, if the patient has decreased urine output, this medication may not be suitable, and its use is not recommended for patients with an eGFR <30 mL/minute (EULAR Richette 2017). As an alternative, Feburic (febuxostat) is recommended, with the dose limited to 40 mg daily for patients with a CrCl of 15-29 mL/min according to the package insert.
[evaluating treatment options for edema and hyperbilirubinemia]
Given the patient’s 3+ pitting edema in the limbs and worsening hyperbilirubinemia, considering the administration of furosemide and Uliden (ursodeoxycholic acid) may be appropriate if there are no contraindications.
[renal function decline: Zulitor adjusted, caution advised for Pamisol]
The patient’s serum creatinine levels remained around 1mg/dL from 2023-11 to 2024-01. However, starting from 2024-02, the levels increased to approximately 1.5mg/dL, with the latest eGFR being 47. Consequently, the dosage of Zulitor (pitavastatin) has been adjusted in accordance with the patient’s renal function status.
If there are plans to use Pamisol (pamidronate) for the patient, it’s important to maintain good renal function, as Pamisol is not recommended for patients with osteolytic bone metastases if their CrCl < 30 mL/minute or their SCr > mg/dL.
[lab data]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[adjusted oxaliplatin dose in FOLFOX]
There appears to be a slow upward trend in serum creatinine. The oxaliplatin in the FOLFOX regimen has been reduced to 100 mg during this hospitalization. Oral potassium supplementation is being used for hypokalemia, and Vemlidy (tenofovir alafenamide) is administered for reactive Anti-HBc (2024-02-22). No medication discrepancies were identified.
2024-06-13 Creatinine 1.96 mg/dL
2024-06-05 Creatinine 1.91 mg/dL
2024-05-27 Creatinine 1.88 mg/dL
2024-05-14 Creatinine 1.83 mg/dL
2024-05-09 Creatinine 1.47 mg/dL
2024-06-13 K (Potassium) 3.1 mmol/L
[consistent creatinine levels despite oxaliplatin, hydroxocobalamin effect on hemoglobin stability]
B-Red (hydroxocobalamin) was administered intermittently, approximately biweekly to monthly, stabilizing hemoglobin levels at around 10 ± 0.5 g/dL over the past two months without significant fluctuations.
Serum creatinine levels have consistently been maintained at approximately 1.5 mg/dL during this period, indicating no renal deterioration attributable to oxaliplatin.
Blood glucose levels were recorded at 250 and 184 mg/dL, slightly elevated but remain manageable.
[reconciliation]
Oxaliplatin dosage adjustments are advised for patients with CrCl < 30. Given the lab results from 2024-04-01 showing eGFR > 50, there is currently no necessity for dosage modification.
[FOLFOX begins for post-gastrectomy patient]
The patient was admitted on 2024-03-11 for his first session of FOLFOX therapy.
B-Red (hydroxocobalamin) was administered on 2024-03-12 for this post-gastrectomy patient. The active medication list currently includes only one antiglycemic agent, Dibose (acarbose). This follows the discontinuation of several medications: Amepiride (glimepiride), Forxiga (dapagliflozin), Crestor (rosuvastatin), and Sevikar (amlodipine, olmesartan). While there is no current elevated BP, the blood sugar readings of 263 mg/dL on 2024-03-11 and 229 mg/dL on 2024-03-12 could potentially benefit from further management.
[lab data]
[exam findings]
2024-05-22 Patho - liver biopsy needle/wedge
2024-05-22 Patho - duodenum biopsy
2024-05-21 PTCD (percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage)
2024-05-21 EGD
2024-05-21 SONO - abdomen
2024-05-19 CT - abdomen
[MedRec]
[MultiTeam]
[continuous decline in elevated bilirubin levels, potential need for intensive nutritional intervention]
Although bilirubin levels are still above the reference range, they have shown a continuous decline, with Uliden (ursodeoxycholic acid) currently in use. Baraclude (entecavir) is being appropriately administered following the 2024-05-20 lab results indicating reactive Anti-HBc.
2024-06-12 Bilirubin total 1.97 mg/dL
2024-06-06 Bilirubin total 2.20 mg/dL
2024-06-03 Bilirubin total 2.77 mg/dL
2024-05-30 Bilirubin total 3.44 mg/dL
2024-05-27 Bilirubin total 4.50 mg/dL
2024-05-22 Bilirubin total 9.70 mg/dL
2024-05-19 Bilirubin total 15.30 mg/dL
2024-06-12 Bilirubin direct 0.96 mg/dL
2024-06-06 Bilirubin direct 1.15 mg/dL
2024-05-30 Bilirubin direct 1.76 mg/dL
2024-05-19 Bilirubin direct 9.59 mg/dL
2024-06-12 DBI/TBI 48.73 %
2024-06-06 DBI/TBI 52.27 %
2024-05-30 DBI/TBI 51.16 %
2024-05-19 DBI/TBI 62.68 %
The patient’s weight has decreased from 49.4 kg on 2024-05-19 to 46.7 kg on 2024-06-13. Currently, the patient is receiving Bfluid amino acids supplementation and Megest (megestrol). If the weight loss continues, intensive nutritional intervention might be necessary.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[radiotherapy]
2023-10-31 ~ 2023-11-13 - completed RT to spine T10-L1: 30 Gy/ 10 fx.
2023-03-16 ~ 2023-04-28 - completed RT to the rectal tumor and regional LNs: 45 Gy/ 25 fx. The rectal tumor (with the invaded uterus) and LAPs: 54 Gy/ 30 fx.
[chemotherapy]
[monitoring upward trend in CEA and CA199, addressing liver cirrhosis and metastasis, potential sodium supplementation for hyponatremia]
Lab results on 2024-05-27 showed hyponatremia (130 mmol/L), hypomagnesemia (1.7 mg/dL), hyperalbuminemia (3.3 g/dL), and hyperbilirubinemia (total 1.22 mg/dL, direct 0.40 mg/dL). The latter two are likely related to liver cirrhosis and metastases. Currently, MgSO4 and BaoGan are in use. The addition of sodium supplementation might be further considered.
The CT imaging conducted on 2024-03-25 showed that the rectal cancer with liver metastases remained stationary. However, the updated markers CEA and CA199 seem to be trending upward and should be closely monitored.
2024-05-15 CEA 52.67 ng/mL
2024-04-25 CEA 41.73 ng/mL
2024-04-01 CEA 26.22 ng/mL
2024-03-12 CEA (NM) 18.827 ng/mL
2024-02-02 CEA (NM) 9.794 ng/mL
2024-01-18 CEA 15.20 ng/mL
2024-01-16 CEA (NM) 4.550 ng/mL
2024-05-15 CA199 46.60 U/mL
2024-04-25 CA199 36.37 U/mL
2024-04-01 CA199 27.00 U/mL
2024-03-12 CA199 (NM) 52.022 U/mL
2024-02-02 CA199 (NM) 37.571 U/mL
2024-01-18 CA199 27.25 U/mL
2024-01-16 CA199 (NM) 34.438 U/mL
[thrombocytopenia]
Thrombocytopenia was first observed in April 2023 and has not yet returned to the lower limit of normal range (150K/uL). Since December, platelet counts have been consistently below 50K/uL. Bevacizumab was started in August 2023.
Both bevacizumab and fluorouracil are known to cause thrombocytopenia, with bevacizumab showing a higher incidence rate of up to 58% (grades 3/4: 20% to 40%).
According to UpToDate recommendations, in cases of hemorrhage caused by bevacizumab, such as hemoptysis (recent history of >= 2.5 mL), bevacizumab should be withheld. For Grade 3 or 4 hemorrhage, bevacizumab should be discontinued. As there has been no recent documentation of hemorrhage found in the medical records, it may not be necessary to temporarily stop the use of bevacizumab at this time.
Blood transfusion has been scheduled according to the progress note.
The patient has only visit our hospital in the last 3 months according to the PharmaCloud database, our gastroenterologist prescribed Baraclude (entecavir) for she is a carrier of viral hepatitis B. Baraclude is in the active medication list, no reconciliation issues found.
On 2023-06-18, the patient’s fecal occult blood test was 2+, indicating a possible GI bleeding. On this date, the patient has been prescribed lansoprazole and tranexamic acid. The prescription for lansoprazole is set to expire on 2023-06-21. It would be beneficial to evaluate whether signs of bleeding persist to decide whether to continue the PPI.
[MedRec]
[consultation]
2024-03-19 Rehabilitation
2024-03-15 Nephrology
2024-03-14
2024-03-05
2024-03-04
2024-02-22
2024-02-07 Thoracic Surgery
2024-01-31 Rehabilitation
2024-01-30 Ear Nose Throat
[chemotherapy]
The elevated bilirubin levels are trending closer to the normal range. A CT-guided biopsy of the right lung mass is scheduled for tomorrow 2024-06-14. No medication-related issues have been identified at this time.
2024-06-12 Bilirubin total 1.26 mg/dL
2024-05-24 Bilirubin total 1.48 mg/dL
2024-05-06 Bilirubin total 1.84 mg/dL
2024-04-18 Bilirubin total 2.46 mg/dL
2024-06-12 Bilirubin direct 0.43 mg/dL
2024-05-24 Bilirubin direct 0.48 mg/dL
2024-05-06 Bilirubin direct 0.59 mg/dL
2024-04-18 Bilirubin direct 0.72 mg/dL
[cisplatin & AKI: slow rise in creatinine after 5-7 Days, urinary concentration defect]
Acute kidney injury (AKI) from cisplatin exposure typically manifests with a slow rise in serum creatinine after five to seven days of therapy. The timing of AKI may be earlier (within three to five days of therapy) in patients with comorbid risk factors, such as preexisting chronic kidney disease (CKD), older age, hypoalbuminemia, or concomitant nephrotoxic drugs.
2024-03-15 Creatinine 3.93 mg/dL
2024-03-14 Creatinine 2.65 mg/dL
2024-03-11 Creatinine 0.99 mg/dL
2024-03-08 Creatinine 0.87 mg/dL
2024-03-06 Creatinine 0.83 mg/dL
2024-03-15 eGFR 16.43 ml/min/1.73m^2
2024-03-14 eGFR 25.89 ml/min/1.73m^2
2024-03-11 eGFR 80.64 ml/min/1.73m^2
2024-03-08 eGFR 93.60 ml/min/1.73m^2
2024-03-06 eGFR 98.83 ml/min/1.73m^2
2024-03-15 BUN 125 mg/dL
2024-03-14 BUN 89 mg/dL
2024-03-11 BUN 36 mg/dL
2024-03-08 BUN 21 mg/dL
Most patients will experience a mild to moderate increase in serum creatinine (ie, 1.5 to 2.9 times baseline), while some may progress to more severe AKI (serum creatinine > 3 times baseline) or require kidney replacement therapy. Severe AKI is uncommon in the absence of preexisting CKD and/or other comorbid risk factors.
Unless the kidney injury is severe, the urine output in patients with cisplatin nephrotoxicity typically remains above 1000 mL per day due to the induction of a concentrating defect. This defect may reflect platinum-induced damage to the loop of Henle, where the countercurrent gradient required for urinary concentration is established, or to the collecting tubules, the site of action of antidiuretic hormone.
[sepsis concern: left shift, elevated markers & BUN/Cr, AKI]
Lab findings consistent with sepsis include left-shifted WBC DC, elevated PCT and CRP, and elevated BUN/Creatinine (>31).
2024-03-15 Band 11.5 %
2024-03-15 Neutrophil 56.7 %
2024-03-15 Lymphocyte 12.5 %
2024-03-15 Metamyelocyte 8.7 %
2024-03-15 Myelocyte 1.9 %
2024-03-15 CRP 13.6 mg/dL
2024-03-15 Procalcitonin (PCT) 3.73 ng/mL
This presentation raises concern for sepsis-associated AKI with possible vasodilation.
[loperamide treatment for 5-FU-induced diarrhea]
Treatment with CDDP and 5-FU was initiated on 2024-03-08. It is subsequently reported diarrhea. While the TPR panel recorded bowel movements of 0 to 2 times per day between 2024-03-07 to 2024-03-13, a progress note documented > 10 bowel movements on 2024-03-13.
UpToDate Drug Information indicates that cisplatin is associated with a less than 1% incidence of diarrhea, whereas fluorouracil is known to cause severe diarrhea. Based on this information, it is more likely that fluorouracil is the primary cause of the diarrhea.
Loperamide has been initiated as the appropriate treatment for this type of diarrhea.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[potential resistance to current regimen noted]
A bone scan on 2024-04-17 indicated progression of metastatic bone disease compared to the previous study on 2023-11-23. This suggests that the disease may be developing resistance to the current regimen of durvalumab, gemcitabine, and cisplatin. Lab results on 2024-06-12 were generally normal, and no medication discrepancies were identified.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[positive CA125 response to chemotherapy]
The marker CA125 has been steadily decreasing since the initiation of chemotherapy on 2024-04-19, which is a positive sign.
The remaining lab data were unremarkable, with no contraindicating results to prevent proceeding with the new session of chemotherapy scheduled for today.
[optional addition of silymarin for elevated liver enzymes]
The first two sessions of the TP regimen were administered on 2024-04-19 and 2024-05-21. Following the administration, there was a mild elevation remaining in liver enzymes AST and ALT. Adding BaoGan (silymarin) might be considered as an optional supplement.
2024-05-20 AST 40 U/L
2024-05-02 AST 44 U/L
2024-04-25 AST 54 U/L
2024-04-18 AST 38 U/L
2024-05-20 ALT 45 U/L
2024-05-02 ALT 42 U/L
2024-04-25 ALT 56 U/L
2024-04-18 ALT 28 U/L
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[MRI shows stable disease under PF regimen]
The current PF regimen has kept the disease stable, as confirmed by MRI on 2024-05-24. The eGFR of 48 on 2024-06-11 remains around 50, with no significant deterioration observed. Other lab results were unremarkable, and no medication discrepancies were found.
[stable kidney function and well-managed comorbidities]
The moderately impaired renal function has remained stable over the past three months.
The underlying conditions of hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and positive anti-HBc are currently managed with Concor (bisoprolol), Exforge (amlodipine, valsartan), Dibose (acarbose), Galvus Met (vildagliptin, metformin), Feburic (febuxostat), and Vemlidy (tenofovir alafenamide) effectively, with no medication discrepancies identified.
It may be beneficial to repeat the nasopharyngeal MRI. (last 2024-01-24)
[persistent anemia despite chemo (prior CCRT ended dec 2023): possible other contributing factors]
Despite undergoing chemotherapy during this hospitalization, the prior CCRT had already concluded by the end of Dec 2023. However, anemia persists, suggesting that factors other than chemotherapy might be contributing to the patient’s ongoing anemia.
For example, gastrointestinal bleeding?
2024-03-20 Stool OB 1+
2024-03-20 HGB 8.7 g/dL 2024-01-29 HGB 9.1 g/dL 2024-01-03 HGB 9.1 g/dL 2023-12-20 HGB 9.7 g/dL 2023-12-06 HGB 10.2 g/dL
[Kidney function fluctuates downward]
Lab:
2023-11-17 eGFR 60.17 ml/min/1.73m^2
2023-11-06 eGFR 80.68 ml/min/1.73m^2
2023-11-17 BUN 44 mg/dL
2023-11-06 BUN 19 mg/dL
It is recommended that 50% of the usual total daily dose of metoclopramide be given if CrCl falls between 10 and 60 mL/minute.
[decline in renal function over the last month]
The patient’s renal function has deteriorated over the past 30 days.
2023-10-26 BUN 60 mg/dL
2023-10-11 BUN 48 mg/dL
2023-10-05 BUN 34 mg/dL
2023-09-25 BUN 19 mg/dL
2023-10-26 Creatinine 1.12 mg/dL
2023-10-11 Creatinine 0.99 mg/dL
2023-10-05 Creatinine 0.92 mg/dL
2023-09-25 Creatinine 0.85 mg/dL
Carboplatin is associated with decreased creatinine clearance (27%), increased blood urea nitrogen (14% to 22%)
Valsartan may be associated with increased serum creatinine and/or acute kidney injury. Increases in serum creatinine secondary to angiotensin receptor blockers usually stabilize within 20% to 30% from baseline and are expected; additional increases may indicate renal artery stenosis or volume depletion.
Adverse events reported post-marketing include interstitial nephritis with famotidine, acute interstitial nephritis with amlodipine, and acute kidney injury, Fanconi syndrome, proximal tubular nephropathy, and renal tubular necrosis with tenofovir alafenamide.
After reviewing the PharmaCloud and HIS5 records for this admission, no medication reconciliation issues were identified.
No medication reconciliation issues were found when this admission after reviewing PharmaCloud and HIS5.
[exam findings]
[check for blood clots, infection, heart and liver issues]
Leukocytosis with a left shift, elevated fibrinogen, D-dimer, NT-proBNP, and prolonged PT were observed.
Please check for the presence of blood clots, infection or inflammatory conditions, heart problems (inferior infarct and possible anterolateral infarct on 2024-06-11 ECG), and liver issues (multiple liver tumors and ascites as indicated by the 2024-06-11 CT scan).
The PharmaCloud database shows recent refills of Concor (bisoprolol), Blopress (candesartan), Zulitor (pitavastatin), and Zcough (benzonatate). These medications are now on the active medication list with no discrepancies found.
Brosym (cefoperazone, sulbactam) is currently being used empirically; no culture results are available yet.
[lab data]
2023-07-18 CA-199 (NM) 52.608 U/ml
2023-07-04 CA-199 (NM) 38.491 U/ml
2023-06-09 CA-199 (NM) 39.33 U/ml
2022-05-26 CA-199 53.04 U/mL
2023-06-09 HBsAg (NM) Negative
2023-06-09 HBsAg Value (NM) 0.373
2023-06-09 Anti-HCV (NM) Negative
2023-06-09 Anti-HCV Value (NM) 0.042
2023-06-09 Anti-HBc (NM) Positive
2023-06-09 Anti-HBc Value (NM) 0.009
2023-06-09 Anti-HBs (NM) Negative
2023-06-09 Anti-HBs value (NM) 4.06 mIU/mL
2022-05-26 HBsAg Nonreactive
2022-05-26 HBsAg (Value) 0.63 S/CO
2022-05-26 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2022-05-26 Anti-HCV Value 0.08 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
[evaluating potential causes of hyponatremia]
Hyponatremia has been noted for several days. There is no report linking gemcitabine to hyponatremia. Currently, 3% NaCl is being administered.
No evidence of hyperglycemia is present (random glucose on 2024-06-08 was 92 mg/dL), making hyperglycemia-induced hyponatremia unlikely.
No evidence of jaundice (2024-06-11), hyperlipidemia (2024-03-08), or hyperproteinemia (2024-06-07) is present, making pseudohyponatremia unlikely.
No thiazide diuretics are in use, and eGFR is not impaired (2024-06-11). Hypotonic hyponatremia with edema and/or ascites might be suspected (2024-06-04 CXR showed bilateral pleural effusions, 2024-05-21 CT showed small ascites). Recent urine osmolality data is not available; it might be beneficial to check for low effective arterial blood volume.
[medication reconciliation]
This patient just refilled Betmiga (mirabegron) on 2023-07-10 for her urinary incontinence for a 28-day valid duration at Far Eastern Hospital, this drug is not included in the active medication list, please confirm if this drug is not necessary for the patient’s current condition.
[poor medication compliance, non-adherence to medication regimen]
The 2023-07-26 progress note states, “The patient requested to self-administer her medications, adjusting them based on her daily condition. She expressed concern about receiving medications from nurses. The nurse practitioner educated her about the safety of medication administration by the nursing team, but the patient was unable to accept it. As a result, the patient’s outpatient medication was discontinued”.
On 2023-07-26, I visited the patient and her caregiver at approximately 11:00 am to address the concerns raised in the progress note regarding the patient’s medication compliance.
The patient said she is a member of TzuChi and was diagnosed with suspected cholangiocarcinoma in 2022-05 and subsequently treated at ShinKong Hospital. During the visit, I found that the patient tends to be selective in taking prescribed medications, believing that certain medications are more effective and should be taken more, while she perceives little efficacy from other prescribed medications. In addition, the patient mentioned that she does not always take her prescribed painkiller.
I have tried to help the patient understand the importance of adhering to the prescribed medication regimen. However, it appears that the patient still holds strong personal beliefs regarding medication, which may lead to inaccurate assessments of treatment effectiveness.
Regarding the issue of low sodium levels, I advised the patient to increase her salt intake, the patient attributed this to the caregiver’s cooking, as she felt that the meals were not seasoned enough. However, upon further discussion with the nurses, the caregiver mentioned that she already added an adequate amount of salt to the meals.
[lab data]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[AKI detected, diclofenac switch considered; hold chemotherapy for AKI resolution]
On 2024-05-21, the patient’s serum creatinine (SCr) level rose significantly, meeting the criteria for AKI as defined by the KDIGO guidelines.
Due to this AKI, switching the current medication Meitifen (diclofenac) to Tramacet (tramadol, acetaminophen) might be a suitable course of action.
Chemotherapy administration should be postponed until the AKI has resolved to minimize any further risk to kidney function.
[exam findings]
2024-05-19, -05-07, -04-26, -04-24 CXR erect
2024-04-30 SONO - abdomen
2024-04-25 PD-L1 (28.8)
2024-04-19 Surgical pathology Level IV
2024-04-19 Patho - stomach biopsy
2024-04-19 EGD
2024-04-17 PET
2024-04-16 Upper GI series
2024-04-10 T-tube cholangiography
2024-04-08 Patho - pleural/pericardial biopsy
2024-04-03 CT - chest
2024-04-02 MRI - pancreas
2024-04-02 Percutaneous gall bladder drainage, PTGBD
2024-03-28 Patho - stomach biopsy
2024-03-23 CT - abdomen
2024-03-22 Upper GI & Small Intestine
2024-03-22 SONO - abdomen
2024-03-15 Miniprobe Endoscopic Ultrasound
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
[potential need for intensive nutrition in cachexia]
The patient’s weight has decreased by 16% within one month (from 48.9 kg on 2024-05-07 to 41.1 kg on 2024-06-11), indicating evident cachexia. Currently, Megest (megestrol) is being administered. If the weight loss continues, more intensive nutritional intervention might be necessary.
CA-199 has shown a slight increase over the past month, while bilirubin levels have remained stable under BaoGan (silymarin) and Uliden (ursodeoxycholic acid). No medication discrepancies have been identified.
[first dose of nivolumab and FOLFOX administered, tumor markers increasing despite treatment; hyperbilirubinemia managed with ursodeoxycholic acid]
Possible GI-originated adenocarcinoma biopsied from the lung was pathologically proven, and PD-L1 (28.8) showed CPS < 1. The first dose of nivolumab plus FOLFOX was administered on 2024-04-22. The readings of tumor markers CEA and CA199 have continued to increase until early-mid May.
2024-05-10 CA-199 (NM) 128.115 U/ml
2024-03-14 CA199 94.990 U/mL
2024-05-10 CEA (NM) 3.451 ng/ml
2024-03-14 CEA 2.850 ng/mL
The hyperbilirubinemia was primarily due to elevated conjugated bilirubin. Currently, Uliden (ursodeoxycholic acid) is in use, and the direct bilirubin readings appear to be decreasing.
No medication discrepancies were found after reviewing PharmaCloud and HIS5.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[normal lab results clear for FOLFOX regimen administration]
Lab results on 2024-06-03 showed no significant abnormalities.
These normal results allow for the planned FOLFOX regimen to proceed without contraindication.
Additionally, no discrepancies were found in the patient’s medication list.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
Why give Taxol (Paxel) before carboplatin? - 2024-02-26 - https://www.drugs.com/medical-answers/give-taxol-paxil-before-carboplatin-3562689/
Medically reviewed by Carmen Pope, BPharm. Last updated on Oct 2, 2023.
Official answer by Drugs.com
Why is Taxol and carboplatin used together?
How effective is Taxol and carboplatin?
[previous neutropenia (paclitaxel/carboplatin) - risk of recurrence]
The patient experienced an episode of neutropenia 1-2 weeks following the last administration of paclitaxel and carboplatin on 2024-02-26. There is a risk of recurrent neutropenia with the 2nd administration of these medications.
No repeat prescriptions have been issued by any healthcare provider other than ours according the the PharmaCloud database. Furthermore, the medications prescribed by our cardiologist on 2024-02-01 have been incorporated into the active medication list without any discrepancies.
The patient’s vital signs have remained stable throughout this hospital stay, and laboratory results from 2024-02-26 did not reveal any significant findings. There is no evidence to suggest any contraindications for the administration of the paclitaxel and carboplatin regimen.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[immunochemotherapy]
This patient with Small cell B-cell lymphoma was treated with a total of six cycles of R-COP regimen from 2021-10 to 2022-03. However, during regular CT follow-up on 2022-11-25, progression of lymphadenopathy was observed in the mesenteric and paraaortic regions. As a result, the patient was rechallenged with R-COP from 2022-12 onwards.
The lab results from 2023-03-01 indicated that there were no notable abnormalities in the patient’s liver and kidney functions or blood cell counts. And the TPR panel revealed that the patient’s vital signs and blood pressure were stable.
Entecavir is prescribed to suppress the replication of the hepatitis B virus with no issue.
[exam findings]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
2024-06-04 - etoposide 40mg/m2 75mg NS 250mL 30min + epirubicin 10mg/m2 20mg NS 250mL 10min + cisplatin 25mg/m2 45mg NS 500mL 24hr (Y-sited Covorin 5-FU) + leucovorin 120mg/m2 230mg NS 250mL 24hr (Y-sited Kemoplat 5-FU) + fluorouracil 2200mg/m2 4200mg NS 500mL 24hr (Y-sited Covorin Kemoplat) (EEPFL)
….-..-..
2022-11-08 - gemcitabine 800mg/2 1600mg 30min + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 160mg 2hr + leucovorin 300mg/m2 600mg 2hr + fluorouracil 2000mg/m2 4000mg 48hr
2022-10-25 - gemcitabine 800mg/2 1600mg 30min + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 160mg 2hr + leucovorin 300mg/m2 600mg 2hr + fluorouracil 2000mg/m2 4000mg 48hr
2022-09-28 - gemcitabine 800mg/2 1600mg 30min + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 150mg 2hr + leucovorin 300mg/m2 570mg 2hr + fluorouracil 2000mg/m2 3800mg 48hr
2022-09-13 - gemcitabine 800mg/2 1600mg 30min + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 150mg 2hr + leucovorin 300mg/m2 570mg 2hr + fluorouracil 2000mg/m2 3800mg 48hr
2022-08-29 - gemcitabine 800mg/2 1600mg 30min + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 150mg 2hr + leucovorin 300mg/m2 570mg 2hr + fluorouracil 2000mg/m2 3800mg 48hr
GOLF regimen ref:
The GOLF regimen was introduced as a neoadjuvant treatment since late August 2022 with the aim of downstaging the tumor. The CT (2022-11-16) revealed that the adenocarcinoma of the duodenal bulb showed a mild increase in size and that the metastatic nodes displayed a decrease in size. There appears to be a greater likelihood that this will improve the feasibility of the surgery.
The decreased CA199 marker also served as a side evidence that the regimen is still effective.
Data available indicate stable vital signs, and there is no problem with the active prescription.
[exam findings]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
[Chemotherapy-Induced Anemia]
Lab:
Docetaxel and Potential Contribution to Anemia
The patient received Taxotere (docetaxel) on 2024-05-17 and 2024-05-24).
While anemia was already present before these treatments, docetaxel is known to have a high incidence of anemia (65% to 97%, with 8% to 9% reaching grades 3/4). Therefore, it’s possible that the chemotherapy may have worsened (exacerbated) the existing anemia.
Management of Severe Chemotherapy-Induced Anemia
In cases of severe anemia caused by chemotherapy, leukocyte-reduced packed red blood cell (LPRBC) transfusions may be considered. (A blood transfusion was performed on 2024-05-27).)
[Trodelvy as alternative for severe anemia if current regimen not tolerated anymore]
If the treatment with docetaxel causes recurrent and severe anemia in this patient, it may be necessary to consider adjusting the regimen. In such a case, Trodelvy (sacituzumab govitecan) might be considered. The NHI coverage criteria for this drug are as follows:
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
UFT (tegafur 100mg, uracil 224 mg)
[tube feeding - UFT handling precautions]
UFT (tegafur and uracil) is cytotoxic, posing a potential health hazard if directly contacted. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that healthcare personnel follow strict safety protocols when handling UFT granules to prevent exposure.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[immunochemotherapy]
[Patient Experiences Severe Symptoms of Anorexia, Cough, and Dyspnea]
The patient is reported to have symptoms of loss of appetite (anorexia), cough, and difficulty breathing (dyspnea), all of which are classified as Grade 3 (severe). It is noted that the patient’s weight reached a recorded high of 78.8 kg on 2023-11-06, but then fluctuated with more decreases than increases, reaching a low of 60.5 kg on 2024-04-12. Recently, on 2024-05-24, the weight has risen slightly to 66.1 kg. These weight changes during this period may be influenced by the patient’s swallowing difficulties, which could be a possible cause for the reported loss of appetite. Additionally, a chest X-ray (CXR) performed on 2024-05-14, showed increased infiltration in both lower lungs, which could be an active infection.
While chemotherapy (TPF), targeted therapy (cetuximab: cough incidence 30%, dyspnea 49%, pharyngitis 26%), and immunotherapy (nivolumab: immune-mediated pneumonitis has occurred less frequently, mechanism non-dose-related, immunological. Onset varied; ranging from 2 to 24 months with a median onset of ~3 months) cannot be completely ruled out, it is suspected that these symptoms are more closely related to the patient’s underlying disease progression and the suspected pulmonary infection.
[exam findings]
[immunochemotherapy]
[reconciliation]
No discrepancies were identified in the medication list, and all laboratory values obtained on 2024-05-31 met criteria to initiate the planned Avastin + FOLFIRI regimen.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
[dose adjustments for moderate liver impairment]
Hypoalbuminemia (2 points) and hyperbilirubinemia (1 point), ascites (4/17 EUS, at least 2 points), no PT and encephalopathy data available (2 points), added up total at least 7 points for Child-Pugh class B.
No dose adjustment is required for the current Gemzar (gemcitabine) and Kemoplat (cisplatin) regimen. However, Celebrex (celecoxib) is recommended to be reduced by 50% for moderate liver impairment (Child-Pugh class B), and the use of Tramacet (tramadol, acetaminophen) is not recommended as both drugs undergo extensive hepatic metabolism.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[potential impact of earlier radiotherapy on pancytopenia; assessing patient tolerance to transfusion and G-CSF]
Lab data showed persistent pancytopenia, with fluctuations in severity but almost never returning to normal levels. Even on the day of receiving CCRT on 2024-02-08, the values were below normal, suggesting that earlier radiotherapy (from 2024-02-01) may also be a contributing factor. The patient began neoadjuvant FOLFOX treatment on 2024-03-30 (with all three sessions at a reduced dose), and pancytopenia has worsened since then.
If the patient tolerates LPRBC or LRP transfusion and G-CSF administration, the reduced dose regimen might be continued. However, if the patient cannot tolerate it and there is no substantial improvement in pancytopenia, alternative regimens or treatment approaches may need to be considered.
2024-06-03 WBC 2.33 x10^3/uL Neutrophil 83.2 %
2024-05-31 WBC 1.43 x10^3/uL Neutrophil 81.0 %
2024-05-27 WBC 1.80 x10^3/uL Neutrophil 68.4 %
2024-05-09 WBC 2.29 x10^3/uL Neutrophil 75.5 %
2024-04-15 WBC 2.35 x10^3/uL
2024-04-08 WBC 1.86 x10^3/uL
2024-03-29 WBC 2.64 x10^3/uL
2024-03-25 WBC 2.12 x10^3/uL
2024-03-18 WBC 2.32 x10^3/uL
2024-02-20 WBC 3.94 x10^3/uL
2024-02-15 WBC 2.81 x10^3/uL
2024-02-08 WBC 2.77 x10^3/uL
2024-06-03 HGB 13.9 g/dL
2024-05-31 HGB 7.1 g/dL
2024-05-27 HGB 11.2 g/dL
2024-05-09 HGB 9.9 g/dL
2024-04-15 HGB 9.7 g/dL
2024-04-08 HGB 10.7 g/dL
2024-03-29 HGB 10.0 g/dL
2024-03-25 HGB 11.0 g/dL
2024-03-18 HGB 11.4 g/dL
2024-02-20 HGB 11.5 g/dL
2024-02-15 HGB 11.4 g/dL
2024-02-08 HGB 11.9 g/dL
2024-06-03 PLT 61 *10^3/uL
2024-05-31 PLT 44 *10^3/uL
2024-05-27 PLT 62 *10^3/uL
2024-05-09 PLT 59 *10^3/uL
2024-04-15 PLT 68 *10^3/uL
2024-04-08 PLT 75 *10^3/uL
2024-03-29 PLT 65 *10^3/uL
2024-03-25 PLT 59 *10^3/uL
2024-03-18 PLT 56 *10^3/uL
2024-02-20 PLT 86 *10^3/uL
2024-02-15 PLT 79 *10^3/uL
2024-02-08 PLT 85 *10^3/uL
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[assessing anemia causes and ESA criteria]
Normocytic anemia was observed. Given that TSH and Free T4 levels are WNL, hypothyroidism can likely be ruled out, suggesting CKD as the more probable cause.
2024-05-30 MCV 85.8 fL
2024-05-30 HGB 6.6 g/dL
2024-05-14 HGB 6.9 g/dL
2024-05-09 HGB 6.7 g/dL
2024-04-30 HGB 8.0 g/dL
2024-04-20 HGB 8.4 g/dL
2024-04-19 HGB 8.1 g/dL
2024-04-19 HGB 6.5 g/dL
2024-05-28 TSH 1.337 uIU/mL
2024-05-28 Free-T4 1.05 ng/dL
Oral iron supplementation has been prescribed by our nephrologist on 2024-05-28 for repeat refills. Prior to this supplementation, lab results showed normal iron levels: Ferritin 237 ng/mL and TSAT = 104 ug/dL / 437 ug/dL = 23.8%.
It is recommended to initiate erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) therapy when the following conditions are met: - Hemoglobin consistently lower than 11g/dL, i.e., at least two recordings more than two weeks apart (met). - Adequate iron stores: ferritin > 100µg/L (met), transferrin saturation (TSAT) > 20% (met), reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) > 29pg (not available). - Other causes of anemia excluded (further investigation might be needed, for instance, acquired pure red cell aplasia or monoclonal gammopathies.)
[lab data]
2023-10-04 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-10-04 HBsAg (Value) 0.39 S/CO
2023-10-04 Anti-HBc Reactive
2023-10-04 Anti-HBc-Value 5.48 S/CO
2023-10-04 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-10-04 Anti-HCV Value 0.05 S/CO
[exam findings]
= 27 None
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
Treatment Name: DVd (Daratumumab + Velcade® (bortezomib) + dexamethasone) - 2023-10-18 - https://www.chemoexperts.com/dvd-daratumumab-velcade-bortezomib-dexamethasone.html
Major toxicities of selected treatment regimens used for relapsed multiple myeloma - 2024-01-24 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=HEME%2F108257
[medication]
[extensive bony metastases identified
, osteoclast inhibitor recommended]
Imaging studies revealed multiple bone metastases:
Due to the extensive nature of these lesions, further pathological evaluation might be necessary.
Osteoclast Inhibitors Considered:
Denosumab as a Potential Option:
[sustained FKLC & IgA elevation: potential loss of disease control]
The long-term (4-year) FKLC and short-term (3-month) IgA levels have been exhibiting a sustained increase, which may indicate that the disease is gradually becoming refractory to treatment.
2024-03-21 IgA 4882 mg/dL
2024-01-30 IgA 3310 mg/dL
2024-01-09 IgA 2947 mg/dL
2023-12-19 IgA 2685 mg/dL
2023-11-22 IgA 3460 mg/dL
2023-09-26 IgA 4568 mg/dL
2023-09-12 IgA 5331 mg/dL
2023-11-27 FKLC 139.0 mg/L
2021-02-05 FKLC 26.8 mg/L
2019-10-11 FKLC 25.4 mg/L
[evaluating osteoporotic changes after Xgeva discontinuation]
Bortezomib was administered on 2024-01-03, 2024-01-09, and 2024-01-16 (days 1, 7, and 14), deviating from the typical days 1, 4, 8, and 11 schedule in cycle 5 of the DVd regimen. The patient was admitted for Cycle 6 Day 1 treatment. Lab results on 2024-01-23 showed pancytopenia, a decreased eGFR of 53 mL/min/1.73m2, low serum albumin at 2.8 g/dL, and elevated total bilirubin at 0.73 mg/dL. However, these findings should not contraindicate treatment continuation.
The patient had previously been treated with several doses of Xgeva in the first half of 2023. Following this, multiple bone X-rays indicated osteoporotic or osteolytic changes. Therefore, reintroducing Xgeva to address the bone condition could be considered.
[macrocytic anemia]
The lab results indicate the presence of macrocytic anemia, which could be attributed to deficiencies in vitamin B12, folate, or copper. To alleviate the anemia, it may be advantageous to consider supplementation with vitamin B12 and/or folate.
Additionally, daratumumab and bortezomib in DVd regimen are associated with anemia.
[DVd Regimen: deviation from original schedule]
The patient was admitted for C4D1 of her daratumumab treatment, which is part of the DVd regimen in combination with bortezomib. The administration schedule for this regimen involves daratumumab on Days 1, 8, and 15 for Cycles 1, 2, and 3; then only on Day 1 for Cycles 4 through 8, followed by a monthly administration (every 28 days) thereafter.
This hospitalization marks the beginning of Cycle 4, and according to the regimen design, daratumumab should only be administered on Day 1 up to Cycle 8. Additionally, as per the regimen’s design, bortezomib is scheduled on Days 1, 4, 8, and 11 for Cycles 1 to 8, and in practice, it is administered concurrently with daratumumab.
Ref: https://www.darzalexhcp.com/pdfs/cp-142382v4-darzalex-maia-cassio-apollo-dosing-admin-guide.pdf
[to reassess bone health]
It is common practice to administer a single dose of a potent bisphosphonate (ie, zoledronic acid at 4 or 5 mg for a single dose) after stopping denosumab therapy to prevent rebound bone loss and fractures. Markers of bone resorption rebound and increase rapidly after denosumab discontinuation, and this can lead to increased loss of bone mineral density and the development of vertebral fractures, particularly in patients with baseline osteoporosis, with a history of prior fracture, or on continued aromatase inhibitor therapy.
The last 3 doses of Xgeva (denosumab 120mg) were administered on 2023-03-24, 2023-05-02, and 2023-06-06. Since it has been over 6 months since the last dose, and there are no hospital records of bisphosphonate use since then, it is recommended to reassess the patient’s bone health.
[reconciliation]
Currently, access to the PharmaCloud database is unavailable.
There has been a downward trend in eGFR readings over the past 2-3 weeks. Despite this, the patient’s current renal function does not necessitate any dose adjustments at this time.
No discrepancies have been identified in the active medication list.
The DVd regimen, which began on 2023-10-04, might have led to a decrease in IgA levels, yet they remain elevated along with FKLC and B2-Microglobulin.
2023-11-27 FKLC 139.0 mg/L
2023-11-27 FLLC 5.9 mg/L
2023-11-27 FK/FL ratio 23.56 ratio
2023-11-23 B2-Microglobulin 5746 ng/mL
2023-11-22 IgA 3460 mg/dL
2023-09-26 IgA 4568 mg/dL
2023-09-12 IgA 5331 mg/dL
Based on the lab results from 2023-11-28, the patient’s liver and kidney functions are grossly normal, indicating no need for dosage adjustments due to liver or renal concerns for now.
[pancytopenia after 2023-10-25 C2D1 DVd]
On 2023-10-25, DVd (C2D1) was administered, which resulted in the onset of pancytopenia. Appropriate measures, including the administration of G-CSF and blood transfusion, were promptly undertaken.
2023-11-01 WBC 2.70 x10^3/uL
2023-10-31 WBC 2.55 x10^3/uL
2023-10-25 WBC 2.57 x10^3/uL
2023-11-01 HGB 7.6 g/dL
2023-10-31 HGB 8.6 g/dL
2023-10-25 HGB 8.6 g/dL
2023-11-01 PLT 128 *10^3/uL
2023-10-31 PLT 42 *10^3/uL
2023-10-25 PLT 170 *10^3/uL
[withhold Diovan temporarily]
The latest blood pressure measurement, taken on 2023-11-01 at 12:59, was 100/52. Given the absence of current hypertension, it is advisable to temporarily withhold Diovan (valsartan) to reduce the potential for hypotension.
[DVd regimen]
This patient received lenalidomide from 2021 to 2023Q1 (and thalidomide prior to that). The DVd regimen is preferred for patients who are refractory to full doses of lenalidomide or to a lenalidomide-containing triplet regimen.
The patient started the DVd regimen in early Oct 2023, with the first dose (C1D1) administered on 2023-10-04, the second dose (C1D8) administered on 2023-10-11, and the third dose (C1D15) administered on 2023-11-17. This hospitalization is for the end of cycle 1.
These three daratumumab infusions were administered over 8 hours, 6 hours, and 4 hours, respectively, which effectively reduced the risk of infusion reactions.
The major toxicities of the DVd regimen include peripheral neuropathy, transient cytopenias, acute or delayed hypersensitivity reaction, fatigue, and nausea. Please continue to monitor the patient for these toxicities.
This patient received repeat prescriptions from our cardiology department for Licodin (ticlopidine), Urosin (atenolol), Zulitor (pitavastatin), Diovan (valsartan), and Ulstop (famotidine) on 2023-08-18, and from our neurology department for Syntam (piracetam) on 2023-07-26. There are no discrepancies, and all these medications are currently being used as prescribed.
[rising IgA levels in 2023]
Since the beginning of this year (2023), IgA levels have risen from the triple digits to the mid-four digits by August, suggesting that the disease may still be progressing.
Neutropenia has be mitigated with filgrastim (G-CSF)
Over the past three months, the IgA levels have been around 500 +- 50 mg/dL, relatively stable, but showing a slowly upward trend.
Revlimid (lenalidomide) has demonstrated a significantly increased risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), as well as risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in patients with multiple myeloma who were treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone therapy. Please monitor for and advise patients about the signs and symptoms of thromboembolism as always.
Ninlaro (ixazomib) has been prescribed as a self-paid item and is not listed on PharmaCloud nor in the active prescriptions. Please make sure that the patient’s ANC be greater than 1000/mm3, platelets be greater than 75,000/mm3, and nonhematologic toxicities be at baseline or less than grade 1 (per prescriber discretion) prior to initiating a new cycle of therapy. It is recommended that patients who are seropositive for Varicella zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) receive an antiviral prophylaxis with acyclovir or valacyclovir prior to receiving a proteasome inhibitor (bortezomib, carfilzomib, ixazomib), as there is an increased risk of reactivation if the proteasome inhibitor is used.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[lab results clear for TP regimen]
The 2024-05-28 lab results showed no contraindications for the new session of TP regimen chemotherapy.
A CT scan on 2024-05-03 revealed that the right liver hemangioma is stable. Additionally, a 6.2 cm cystic lesion in the left pelvic sidewall, highly suspected to be a lymphocele, was observed. This condition is most commonly a complication following surgery. If it becomes symptomatic, further treatment may be necessary.
[paclitaxel-carboplatin & anemia: lab suggests alternative cause]
The paclitaxel-carboplatin regimen was initiated on 2024-01-25. Anemia episodes are observed in all available data points within HIS5. While chemotherapy can theoretically contribute to anemia, lab results suggest it’s likely not the primary cause.
[lab data]
2023-09-20 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-09-20 HBsAg (Value) 0.36 S/CO
2023-09-20 Anti-HBc Reactive
2023-09-20 Anti-HBc-Value 5.86 S/CO
2023-09-20 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-09-20 Anti-HCV Value 0.06 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[potential causes of macrocytic anemia]
Mild macrocytic anemia was observed. Since there is no evidence of increased reticulocytes, further investigation for vitamin B12 or folate deficiency might be warranted.
[reconciliation]
A chest CT conducted on 2024-03-26 showed that the esophagectomy and gastric tube reconstruction are in good condition with no evidence of locoregional recurrence. Lab results from 2024-04-26 were grossly within normal limits, and no discrepancies in medication were identified.2024-04-26 were unremarkable. No medication discrepancy found.
[labs & vitals clear - PF4 chemo likely suitable]
The review of lab results from 2024-03-25 revealed grossly normal values. Additionally, vital signs have remained stable throughout the patient’s hospital stay. Based on this information, there appears to be no contraindication to proceeding with the planned adjuvant chemotherapy regimen PF4.
A potassium supplement was prescribed due to hypokalemia (K level of 3.3 mmol/L on 2023-10-30). Currently, no medication discrepancies have been identified.
[tube feeding]
All oral medications on the active drug list can be tube-fed.
[trend towards anemia]
The lab data indicates a trend towards anemia. HGB levels during CCRT have been consistently decreasing. Please continue to monitor the levels and determine if a blood transfusion is necessary.
All of the oral medications on the list of active medications can be administered by tube feeding.
2023-09-20 Anti-HBc Reactive indicates tenofovir or entecavir as preventive therapy for potential hepatitis B virus reactivation prior to planned CCRT.
[lab data]
2024-04-25 HBsAg Nonreactive
2024-04-25 HBsAg Value 0.49 S/CO
2024-04-25 Anti-HBc Reactive
2024-04-25 Anti-HBc Value 5.73 S/CO
2024-04-25 Anti-HBs 2.11 mIU/mL
2024-04-25 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2024-04-25 Anti-HCV Value 0.13 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[recommended voriconazole TDM for impaired liver function]
No CRE or VRE culture positives were found, but Aspergillus antigen was confirmed.
For invasive Aspergillosis, voriconazole is usually recommended at a dosage of 6 mg/kg IV/PO Q12H on day 1, followed by 4 mg/kg IV/PO Q12H. However, according to the package insert, in patients with mild to moderate liver impairment (Child-Pugh Class A and B), the standard loading dose should be used, but the maintenance dose should be halved. There are no recommendations for patients with severe liver impairment (Child-Pugh Class C) (Ref: Sanford Guide).
This patient weighs 73 kg. According to the Sanford Guide, the dosing should be 438 mg Q12H on day 1 and then 292 mg Q12H from day 2. Given the patient’s poor liver function, voriconazole therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is highly recommended to adjust the maintenance dose.
To order a voriconazole trough level test: - Order Code: L72-166 - Test Name: Antifungal Drugs (Azole) Concentration - Instructions: - Collect the sample within 30 minutes before the next dose. Note the administration time. - Send samples from Monday to Thursday before 14:00. Do not collect samples on national holidays or other times. - Use a purple-top tube and draw 2 to 3 mL. The sample should be centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes within 8 hours, and the plasma should be separated into a large test tube. - The sample will be sent to Chang Gung Memorial Hospital by United Medical Laboratories for testing. Draw blood within 30 minutes before administering Vfend (voriconazole).
[hyperammonemia management and lactulose dose consideration]
Lactul (lactulose) has effectively controlled the hyperammonemia. If serum ammonia levels remain within the normal range for these days, a reduction in the lactulose dosage or even discontinuation may be considered.
[liver cirrhosis Child-Pugh B classified & Medication Review]
The patient’s discharge diagnoses on 2024-05-17 included cirrhosis of the liver, classified as Child-Pugh Class A.
However, recent lab results indicate a revised classification to Child-Pugh Class B. This is based on updated values: Alb 2.9 g/dL (2 points), PT 13.7 seconds (3 points), and BilT 2.15 mg/dL (3 points). Even encephalopathy and ascites were not counted, these scores total at least 8 points, should be classfied as Class B.
The currently used medications have been reviewed for this Child-Pugh Class B patient, no other medications except Tramacet should be dose adjusted. Use of Tramacet is not recommended as acetaminophen and tramadol undergo extensive hepatic metabolism.
[lab data]
2023-12-26 BCR/abl qualitative Undetectable
2023-12-21 FLT3-D835 (BM) Undetectable
2023-12-21 FLT3/ITD (BM) Undetectable
2023-12-20 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-12-20 HBsAg Value 0.43 S/CO
2023-12-20 Anti-HBc Reactive
2023-12-20 Anti-HBc Value 7.15 S/CO
2023-12-20 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-12-20 Anti-HCV Value 0.16 S/CO
2023-12-20 NPM1 qualitative (BM) Undetectable
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[ALT elevation and Ibrance management]
ALT is rising. Please note that Ibrance (palbociclib) is associated with hepatic incidences, including increased serum alanine aminotransferase (6% to 43%) and increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (8% to 52%). Addition of BaoGan (silymarin) might be considered. And if more severe liver symptoms develop, consider reducing the dose or discontinuing the medication.
[monitoring for ILD and pneumonitis before considering resumption of Ibrance]
Ibrance (palbociclib 100mg), administered once daily for 21 days in a 28-day cycle, might be resumed if there has been no induction of ILD and/or pneumonitis. The patient last received this medication on 2024-02-05, and more than a month has passed since then, leading to a delay in the current treatment cycle.
[temporarily purchase Blincyto or Besponsa if needed]
If Ph- B-ALL is confirmed, Blincyto (blinatumomab) and Besponsa (inotuzumab ozogamicin) were temporarily purchased and listed in the database but are currently out of stock at this hospital (file closed). Given this patient’s condition, it may not be possible to secure NHI coverage for these medications. Should there be a need, a request for temporary procurement can be made. (Ref: https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/all_blocks.pdf)
[tube feeding]
Concor 5mg administration via Simple Suspension Method (SSM):
For patients requiring enteral nutrition, dissolve the Concor 5mg tablet using the SSM. This efficient method involves:
Benefits of SSM:
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consider BaoGan for elevated AST after non-liver causes have been ruled out]
Lab results on 2024-05-27 showed elevated AST (198 U/L) and normal ALT (22 U/L). Some of the possible causes could be investigated further:
If liver condition is suspected, the addition of BaoGan (silymarin) may be considered.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
2024-04-01 Neurosurgery
2022-01-11 Nutrition
2021-05-28 Gastroenterology
2021-05-18 General and Gastroenterological Surgery
2021-05-17 Radiation Oncology
2021-04-20 Ear Nose Throat
2021-04-19 Hemato-Oncology
2021-04-13 Rehabilitation
2021-04-02 Nephrology
[chemotherapy]
[Note]
Cancer of Unknown Primary - 2022-01-10
Total bilirubin > ULN or AST and/or ALT > 1.5 times ULN concomitant with alkaline phosphatase > 2.5 times ULN: Avoid docetaxel use. Chemotherapy suspended.
[monitoring hemoglobin: a 6-month decline in HGB levels]
The lab results indicate anemia with a hemoglobin level of 8.0 g/dL. If the patient is experiencing symptoms related to this low hemoglobin level, a transfusion of LPRBC may be necessary.
Additionally, please note that over the last six months, the HGB levels have slowly decreased from above 12 to 8, indicating a clear long-term downward trend.
[bedside visit: routine medication check-up yields no issues]
I visited the patient around 14:20 on 2024-04-01, accompanied by a relative, possibly her husband. I inquired about any medication-related concerns, and they indicated there were no adverse effects or issues noted at present.
Given the absence of further medication queries, I reminded the family to promptly report any discomfort or unusual symptoms.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[Surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[Neutropenia: Determining Cause and Treatment Options]
The patient has developed neutropenia recently. While the Oncoginase package insert doesn’t emphasize neutropenia as an important side effect, the medications administered on 2024-05-20 - daunorubicin, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide - are known to be more likey to cause neutropenia.
If a further decrease in WBC count is anticipated, the use of G-CSF could be considered as a proper measure.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[Consultation]
[thrombocytopenia and anemia improvement]
Following leukocyte-reduced platelet (LRP) and leukocyte-poor red blood cell (LPRBC) transfusions, the patient’s thrombocytopenia and anemia have shown improvement, although not yet reaching normal ranges. No medication discrepancies were identified after review of HIS5 and PharmaCloud database.
2024-05-27 PLT 105 x10^3/uL
2024-05-25 PLT 1 x10^3/uL
2024-05-24 PLT 54 x10^3/uL
2024-05-24 PLT 1 x10^3/uL
2024-05-24 PLT 1 x10^3/uL
2024-05-23 PLT 1 x10^3/uL
2024-05-27 HGB 10.4 g/dL
2024-05-25 HGB 7.6 g/dL
2024-05-24 HGB 8.5 g/dL
2024-05-24 HGB 9.5 g/dL
2024-05-24 HGB 8.3 g/dL
2024-05-23 HGB 9.5 g/dL
[exam findings] (not completed)
2024-04-25 Patho - bronchus biopsy
2024-04-22 2D transthoracic echocardiography
2024-04-19 CT - chest
2024-04-16 ECG
2024-03-23 CT - brain
2024-01-26 CT - chest
….-..-..
2022-12-01 CT - abdomen
2022-09-09 CT - abdomen
2022-06-29 CT - chest
2022-03-16 Patho - adrenal gland resection
2022-03-07 Patho - lung transbronchial biopsy
2022-02-24 CT - abdomen, pelvis
2021-11-15 CT - abdomen, pelvis
2021-11-12 Patho - colorectal polyp
2020-08-13 CT - lung/mediastinum/pleura
2019-06-04 Bronchodilator test
2018-09-18 Bronchodilator test
2017-10-17 Bronchodilator test
2017-01-24 Lung volume with function
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[immunochemotherapy]
2024-01-30 - RMC-6291 100mg 3# BID 21D 6# (Q3W) (OPD)
2024-01-09 - RMC-6291 100mg 3# BID 21D 6# (Q3W) (OPD)
2023-12-19 - RMC-6291 100mg 3# BID 21D 6# (Q3W) (OPD)
2023-11-28 - RMC-6291 100mg 3# BID 23D 6# (Q3W) (OPD)
2023-11-07 - RMC-6291 100mg 3# BID 14D 6# (Q3W) (IPD)
2023-08-14 - (FOLFOXIRI)
2023-07-24 - (FOLFOXIRI)
2023-07-03 - (FOLFOXIRI)
2023-06-12 - (FOLFOXIRI)
2023-05-22 - (FOLFOXIRI)
2023-05-02 - (FOLFOXIRI)
2023-04-10 - (FOLFOXIRI)
2023-03-17 - (FOLFOXIRI)
2023-02-23 - (FOLFOXIRI)
2023-01-09 - ………………………….. oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 130mg 2hr . + leucovorin 400mg/m2 600mg 2hr + fluorouracil 2800mg/m2 4230mg 46hr
2022-12-19 - bevacizumab 5mg/kg 100mg 90min + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 130mg 2hr . + leucovorin 400mg/m2 610mg 2hr + fluorouracil 2800mg/m2 4300mg 46hr
2022-11-28 - bevacizumab 5mg/kg 200mg 90min + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 125mg 2hr . + leucovorin 400mg/m2 600mg 2hr + fluorouracil 2800mg/m2 4220mg 46hr
2022-11-09 - bevacizumab 5mg/kg 200mg 90min + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 125mg 2hr . + leucovorin 400mg/m2 600mg 2hr + fluorouracil 2800mg/m2 4240mg 46hr
2022-10-17 - bevacizumab 5mg/kg 200mg 90min + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 125mg 2hr . + leucovorin 400mg/m2 600mg 2hr + fluorouracil 2800mg/m2 4240mg 46hr
2022-09-19 - bevacizumab 5mg/kg 200mg 90min + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 120mg 2hr . + leucovorin 400mg/m2 590mg 2hr + fluorouracil 2800mg/m2 4150mg 46hr
2022-09-06 - bevacizumab 5mg/kg 200mg 90min + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 120mg 2hr . + leucovorin 400mg/m2 590mg 2hr + fluorouracil 2800mg/m2 4180mg 46hr
2022-08-23 - bevacizumab 5mg/kg 200mg 90min + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 120mg 2hr . + leucovorin 400mg/m2 600mg 2hr + fluorouracil 2800mg/m2 4200mg 46hr
2022-08-09 - bevacizumab 5mg/kg 200mg 90min + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 120mg 2hr . + leucovorin 400mg/m2 600mg 2hr + fluorouracil 2800mg/m2 4200mg 46hr
2022-07-26 - bevacizumab 5mg/kg 200mg 90min + oxaliplatin 70mg/m2 100mg 2hr . + leucovorin 400mg/m2 600mg 2hr + fluorouracil 2800mg/m2 4200mg 46hr
2022-07-07 - bevacizumab 5mg/kg 200mg 90min + irinotecan 180mg/m2 270mg 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 600mg 2hr + fluorouracil 2800mg/m2 4250mg 46hr
2022-06-17 - bevacizumab 5mg/kg 200mg 90min + irinotecan 180mg/m2 270mg 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 600mg 2hr + fluorouracil 2800mg/m2 4250mg 46hr
2022-06-02 - bevacizumab 5mg/kg 200mg 90min + irinotecan 180mg/m2 270mg 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 600mg 2hr + fluorouracil 2800mg/m2 4270mg 46hr
2022-05-18 - bevacizumab 5mg/kg 200mg 90min + irinotecan 180mg/m2 270mg 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 600mg 2hr + fluorouracil 2800mg/m2 4290mg 46hr
2022-04-28 - bevacizumab 5mg/kg 200mg 90min + irinotecan 180mg/m2 260mg 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 600mg 2hr + fluorouracil 2800mg/m2 4300mg 46hr
2022-04-15 - ………………………….. irinotecan 170mg/m2 260mg 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 600mg 2hr + fluorouracil 2800mg/m2 4380mg 46hr
2022-03-28 - ………………………….. irinotecan 170mg/m2 260mg 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 600mg 2hr + fluorouracil 2800mg/m2 4400mg 46hr
2022-01-05 - fluorouracil 225mg/m2 350mg 24hr …. (CCRT)
2021-12-20 - fluorouracil 225mg/m2 350mg 24hr D1-5 (CCRT)
2021-12-13 - fluorouracil 225mg/m2 350mg 24hr D1-5 (CCRT)
2021-12-09 - fluorouracil 225mg/m2 350mg 24hr D1-2 (CCRT)
[potential drug interaction with Smecta (dioctahedral smectite) - tube feeding]
Smecta (dioctahedral smectite) possesses adsorptive properties that may interfere with the absorption of other medications.
To prevent potential interactions, it is recommended to administer Smecta at least two hours apart from other drugs.
The patient was diagnosed with colorectal carcinoma T3N2aM1a stage IVA, had a T-loop colostomy performed in November 2021, received CCRT from December 2021 to January 2022, and then began receiving palliative FOLFIRI in March (plus bevacizumab in April).
The most recent CT (2022-02-24) revealed a mild regression in colon cancer and a progression of lung and adrenal tumors. In March 2022, biopsies subsequently confirmed that the lung and adrenal tumors were metastatic colonic adenocarcinomas.
According to lab data reported on 2022-05-18, there were generally normal results. His underlying COPD is followed up in our office of thoracic medicine with refillable prescriptions.
[diagnosis] - 2023-03-10 admission note
[past history]
[allergy]
[family history]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
2024-05-02 - gemcitabine 0800mg/m2 1400mg NS 250mL 30min + nab-paclitaxel 100mg/m2 140mg 30min
2024-04-23 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1200mg NS 250mL 30min + nab-paclitaxel 100mg/m2 130mg 30min
2024-03-26 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1200mg NS 250mL 30min + nab-paclitaxel 100mg/m2 130mg 30min
2024-03-12 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1200mg NS 250mL 30min + nab-paclitaxel 100mg/m2 130mg 30min
2024-03-05 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1200mg NS 250mL 30min + nab-paclitaxel 100mg/m2 150mg 30min
2024-02-08 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1200mg NS 250mL 30min + nab-paclitaxel 100mg/m2 150mg 30min
2024-01-16 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1200mg NS 250mL 30min + nab-paclitaxel 100mg/m2 135mg 30min
2024-01-10 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1200mg NS 250mL 30min + nab-paclitaxel 100mg/m2 150mg 30min
2023-12-29 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1200mg NS 250mL 30min + nab-paclitaxel 100mg/m2 150mg 30min
2023-12-12 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1500mg NS 250mL 30min + nab-paclitaxel 100mg/m2 150mg 30min
2023-11-30 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1500mg NS 250mL 30min + nab-paclitaxel 100mg/m2 150mg 30min
2023-11-14 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1500mg NS 250mL 30min + nab-paclitaxel 100mg/m2 150mg 30min
2023-10-18 - (FOLFIRINOX)
2023-09-19 - (FOLFIRINOX)
2023-08-29 - (FOLFIRINOX)
2023-07-11 - (FOLFIRINOX)
2023-06-21 - (FOLFIRINOX)
2023-05-31 - oxaliplatin 65mg/m2 100mg D5W 250mL 2hr + irinotecan 90mg/m2 140mg D5W 250mL 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 600mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 400mg/m2 600mg NS 250mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 3750mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFIRINOX)
2023-05-10 - oxaliplatin 65mg/m2 100mg D5W 250mL 2hr + irinotecan 90mg/m2 140mg D5W 250mL 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 600mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 400mg/m2 600mg NS 250mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 3750mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFIRINOX)
2023-04-25 - oxaliplatin 65mg/m2 100mg D5W 250mL 2hr + irinotecan 90mg/m2 140mg D5W 250mL 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 600mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 400mg/m2 600mg NS 250mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 3750mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFIRINOX)
2023-04-11 - oxaliplatin 65mg/m2 100mg D5W 250mL 2hr + irinotecan 90mg/m2 140mg D5W 250mL 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 600mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 400mg/m2 600mg NS 250mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 3750mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFIRINOX)
2023-03-10 - oxaliplatin 65mg/m2 100mg D5W 250mL 2hr + irinotecan 90mg/m2 140mg D5W 250mL 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 600mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 400mg/m2 600mg NS 250mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 3750mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFIRINOX, Covorin NS 500 -> 250mL)
2023-02-23 - oxaliplatin 65mg/m2 100mg D5W 250mL 2hr + irinotecan 90mg/m2 140mg D5W 250mL 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 600mg NS 500mL 2hr + fluorouracil 400mg/m2 600mg NS 250mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 3750mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFIRINOX)
2023-02-02 - oxaliplatin 65mg/m2 100mg D5W 250mL 2hr + irinotecan 90mg/m2 140mg D5W 250mL 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 600mg NS 500mL 2hr + fluorouracil 400mg/m2 600mg NS 250mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 3750mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFIRINOX)
Granocyte (lenograstim 250ug) CGRAN01
WBC
[Certican (everolimus) blood level monitoring]
Background:
Interpretation:
Recommendation:
[reconcilation]
The patient had an appointment at Tri-Service General Hospital on 2023-09-23 and received prescriptions for Trajenta (linagliptin), Diovan (valsartan), Certican (everolimus), and Stilnox (zolpidem), with the latter not currently being utilized. Please verify if the discontinuation of Stilnox is intentional.
As an additional note, the patient received an injection of Zoladex (goserelin acetate) at TSGH on 2023-10-06, with the previous injection administered on 2023-07-28.
This patient had an appointment at the Tri-Service General Hospital on 2023-06-24 where he was prescribed Trajenta (linagliptin), Diovan (valsartan), Certican (everolimus), and Stilnox (zolpidem). These medications have been correctly incorporated into the patient’s active medication list. No discrepancies were found during the medication reconciliation process.
This patient had an appointment at the Tri-Service General Hospital on 2023-05-05, during which he was prescribed a single dose of Zoladex (goserelin acetate 10.8mg). As the suggested administration interval for this medication is every 12 weeks, the next scheduled dose should be on 2023-07-28. No issues were discovered during the medication reconciliation process.
The patient seems to be showing signs of anemia with an increasing trend towards macrocytosis. As the bilirubin level is still within the normal range, hemolytic anemia may be less likely. A single intramuscular dose of B-Red (hydroxocobalamin 1mg) is scheduled for 2023-06-02, and folate is already included in the current FOLFIRINOX regimen. At this time, there is no concrete evidence indicating a rapid progression in the severity of anemia, so please continue monitoring.
Zoladex (goserelin acetate) 10.8mg was administered Q3M, with the most recent administration occurring on 2023-05-05, at TSGH for the management of the patient’s prostate cancer. Furthermore, antiglycemic, antihypertensive, and anti-rejection medications prescribed at TSGH are correctly reflected in the current active medication list, presenting no issues with medication reconciliation.
Please be aware, there is a slow yet noticeable upward trend in both AST and ALT lab results. This should be closely monitored for possible potential liver function impairment.
2023-05-10 S-GOT/AST 35 U/L
2023-04-25 S-GOT/AST 42 U/L
2023-04-11 S-GOT/AST 30 U/L
2023-03-28 S-GOT/AST 25 U/L
2023-03-23 S-GOT/AST 30 U/L
2023-03-09 S-GOT/AST 23 U/L
2023-02-22 S-GOT/AST 17 U/L
2023-02-15 S-GOT/AST 16 U/L
2023-01-30 S-GOT/AST 14 U/L
2023-01-13 S-GOT/AST 19 U/L
2023-05-10 S-GPT/ALT 44 U/L
2023-04-25 S-GPT/ALT 55 U/L
2023-04-11 S-GPT/ALT 36 U/L
2023-03-28 S-GPT/ALT 32 U/L
2023-03-23 S-GPT/ALT 35 U/L
2023-03-09 S-GPT/ALT 27 U/L
2023-02-22 S-GPT/ALT 21 U/L
2023-02-15 S-GPT/ALT 22 U/L
2023-01-30 S-GPT/ALT 20 U/L
2023-01-13 S-GPT/ALT 20 U/L
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[History of Elevated ALT Levels and Treatment Considerations]
Elevated ALT: - A review of historical laboratory results revealed two instances of elevated ALT levels: November 2023 and currently, in April and May 2024.
Treatment Regimen and Consistency: - The patient has been receiving Enhertu at a standard dose of 5.4mg/m2 since late November 2023. The dosing interval has remained consistent at every 3 weeks (Q3W) throughout this period, including during the current ALT elevation.
Potential Link to Enhertu: - Enhertu is known to cause elevated liver enzymes, including increased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (34% to 53%), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (22% to 54%), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (35% to 67%). Additionally, increased bilirubin (15% to 24%) has been reported with Enhertu, with no clear timeframe for onset identified. Due to this association, Enhertu cannot be ruled out as a potential cause of the current ALT elevation.
Mitigation Strategies: - BaoGan (silymarin) has been prescribed to potentially alleviate these liver enzyme elevations associated with Enhertu.
Treatment Switch and Continued Monitoring: - As of 2024-05-22, the treatment regimen has been switched to Halaven (eribulin mesylate). - It’s important to note that Halaven has also been reported to cause elevated ALT (43%) and AST (36%). Therefore, close monitoring of liver function tests remains necessary.
ALT data: - 2024-05-20 ALT 279 U/L - 2024-05-17 ALT 262 U/L - 2024-04-19 ALT 151 U/L - 2024-03-29 ALT 114 U/L - 2024-03-08 ALT 66 U/L - 2024-02-15 ALT 59 U/L - 2024-02-08 ALT 73 U/L - 2024-01-26 ALT 73 U/L - 2024-01-05 ALT 54 U/L - 2023-12-27 ALT 89 U/L - 2023-12-15 ALT 83 U/L - 2023-12-08 ALT 97 U/L - 2023-12-01 ALT 215 U/L - 2023-11-27 ALT 276 U/L - 2023-11-22 ALT 186 U/L - 2023-11-22 ALT 186 U/L - 2023-11-14 ALT 154 U/L - 2023-11-11 ALT 133 U/L - 2023-08-24 ALT 59 U/L - 2023-07-31 ALT 84 U/L - 2023-06-28 ALT 23 U/L - 2023-06-19 ALT 24 U/L
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[reconciliation]
Lab results showed hypokalemia (2.8 mmol/L), hypomagnesemia (1.5 mg/dL), injectable KCl + NaCl, injectable MgSO4 were applied. Smecta (dioctahedral smectite) and loperamide were prescribed for diarrhea. No drug discrepancy identified
Elevated levels of CRP and PCT were detected.
Cefepime 2g Q8H started on 2023-12-14. The patient’s body temperature has shown a preliminary downward trend since its peak of 37.8’C on the morning of 2023-12-15.
[lab data]
2024-03-09 HBsAg Reactive
2024-03-09 HBsAg Value 4493.77 S/CO
2024-03-09 Anti-HBc Reactive
2024-03-09 Anti-HBc-Value 7.01 S/CO
2024-03-09 Anti-HBs 0.00 mIU/mL
2024-03-09 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2024-03-09 Anti-HCV Value 0.09 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemoimmunotherapy]
[Electrolyte Management and Tumor Marker Monitoring]
Electrolyte Balance:
Hypokalemia (low potassium) and hypomagnesemia (low magnesium) are currently being effectively managed with appropriate supplementation (Const-K and MgSO4).
2024-05-21 K (Potassium) 3.1 mmol/L
Tumor Marker Trend:
[assessing chemotherapy timing with low ANC level]
The decreasing levels of both CEA and CA199 markers may suggest that the Erbitux + FOLFIRI regimen remains effective.
However, given that the ANC was 881/uL yesterday, administering chemotherapy immediately might not be advisable. It’s recommended to wait a few days for the G-CSF to take effect before considering further chemotherapy.
2024-03-28 CEA 100.23 ng/mL
2024-02-20 CEA 1531.85 ng/mL
2024-01-12 CEA 2483.63 ng/mL
2024-03-28 CA199 18.58 U/mL
2024-02-20 CA199 74.53 U/mL
2024-01-12 CA199 267.11 U/mL
2024-03-28 WBC 2.67 x10^3/uL
2024-03-28 Neutrophil 30.3 %
After initiation of FOLFIRI regimen on 2024-01-12 from prior FOLFOX, both CEA as well as CA199 have dropped dramatically. Lab results other than these tumor markers were unremarkable. No drug discrepancies were noted.
2024-02-20 CEA 1531.85 ng/mL
2024-01-12 CEA 2483.63 ng/mL
2024-02-20 CA199 74.53 U/mL
2024-01-12 CA199 267.11 U/mL
Given the rising CEA and CA199 levels in recent lab results and liver metastases progression identified on the abdominal CT scan dated 2024-01-12, the treatment was switched back to FOLFIRI from FOLFOX in Jan 2024, with the addition of cetuximab starting Feb 2024.
2024-01-12 CEA 2483.63 ng/mL
2023-12-08 CEA 1122.86 ng/mL
2023-11-08 CEA 703.93 ng/mL
2023-10-04 CEA 400.12 ng/mL
2024-01-12 CA199 267.11 U/mL
2023-12-08 CA199 198.46 U/mL
2023-11-08 CA199 88.48 U/mL
2023-10-04 CA199 34.70 U/mL
Other lab parameters, including blood cell counts, electrolytes, and liver and kidney functions, remained largely normal, presenting no contraindications to the commencement of the new chemotherapy session. The patient’s back wound has been evaluated by our plastic and reconstructive surgeon, recommending an excision of the epidermal cyst under local anesthesia scheduled for the afternoon of 2024-02-07 (Wednesday). No discrepancies in medication were noted.
[tube feeding]
Potassium Supplementation Options:
Dulcolax (bisacodyl 5mg):
[tube feeding]
Const-K 750mg, an extended-release tablet, delivers 10 mEq of potassium per tablet. It is the sole oral potassium supplement available in this hospital. In comparison, a single banana provides more potassium, approximately 2.2 mEq per inch or 0.9 mEq per cm. If injectable potassium supplementation is not preferred, the Const-K tablet can be crushed into fine particles for easier swallowing with water.
Dulcolax, containing bisacodyl 5mg, is an enteric-coated formulation and should not be split or ground. As an alternative, Bisadyl supp pills, which contain bisacodyl 10mg, can be used. Currently, the patient is also taking Through (sennoside 12mg) 2# HS.
[tube feeding]
Tube feeding is available for all oral medications on the active drug list.
[reconciliation]
Based on the PharmaCloud and HIS5 documentation, there is no evidence of the patient attending any external medical facilities within the last 90 days, and within our institution, the patient’s consultations have been exclusively with the Hemato-Oncology department. A review of the patient’s medication records has not revealed any inconsistencies.
[evaluating A-FOLFIRI to A-FOLFOX switch through temporal CEA changes]
A CT scan dated 2023-10-16 showed stable disease in the sigmoid colon but indicated a mild progression of bilateral liver metastases, which aligns with the trend observed in CEA levels.
The peak CEA level within this timeline is on 2023-06-19, at 497.14 ng/mL.
After the chemotherapy regimen changed from A-FOLFIRI to A-FOLFOX on the same date (2023-06-19), the CEA levels decreased, reaching a low of 321.79 ng/mL by 2023-09-14, suggesting an initial response to the new treatment.
However, there was an increase in the CEA level to 400.12 ng/mL by 2023-10-04, which could potentially indicate a worsening condition or resistance to the current therapy.
CEA lab readings:
According to PharmaCloud and HIS5 records, the patient has no records of visits to other hospitals in the past three months, nor are there any records from departments other than Hemato-Oncology at our hospital. No medication discrepancy issues were found.
On 2023-05-03, lab data showed essentially normal results except for an elevated tumor marker CEA. CEA initially decreased from 2204ng/mL on 2022-02-25 to 50ng/mL on 2022-10-12 after starting bevacizumab plus FOLFIRI treatment on 2022-03-07. However, during the course of treatment, the CEA level has then increased in an apparent trend and has reached 414ng/dL to date. During the same period, another tumor marker, CA199, has also increased, but at a slower rate. This might indicate that the disease has become more heterogeneous with increased resistance and/or that the current regimen may not be as effective as it was initially. Comparing the results of the two most recent CT scans (2023-05-05 and 2023-02-11), it is evident that the liver metastases are showing progressive disease.
No medication reconciliation issues have been identified for this patient.
[lab data]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
Meeting Date: 2023-03-26 -
Reassess TNM stage using MRT (magnetic resonance tomography). - Proceed with CCRT (Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy).
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[stable hypertension post-anal SCC surgery with no recent hyperglycemia evidence]
The stage I anal SCC was surgically treated on 2024-03-19, and the second session of mitomycin-C and 5-FU therapy began on 2024-05-22. The patient’s underlying hypertension has remained stable, as indicated by generally normal blood pressure readings, and there is no recent evidence of hyperglycemia. No medication discrepancies were found.
[lab data]
2024-03-19 Anti-HBc Reactive
2024-03-19 Anti-HBc Value 7.02 S/CO
2024-03-19 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2024-03-19 Anti-HCV Value 0.11 S/CO
2024-03-19 Anti-HBs 0.00 mIU/mL
2024-03-19 HBsAg Reactive
2024-03-19 HBsAg (Value) 3979.86 S/CO
[exam findings]
2024-05-22 SONO - abdomen
2024-05-21 ECG
2024-05-05 CXR erect
2024-05-05 ECG
2024-04-30 2D transthoracic echocardiography
2024-03-26 CT - abdomen
2024-03-22 2D transthoracic echocardiography
2024-01-24 T-tube cholangiography
2024-01-13 ECG
2024-01-11 CTA - chest
2024-01-08 CT - abdomen
2023-12-29 Patho - pancreas total/subtatal resection
2023-12-22 Patho - pancreas total/subtatal resection
2023-12-04 Cardiac Catheterization
2023-11-30 Myocardial perfusion SPECT with persantin
2023-11-28 2D transthoracic echocardiography
2023-11-24 Flow Volume Chart
2023-11-23 MRI - liver, spleen
2023-11-22 Patho - pancreas biopsy
2023-11-21 PTCD drainage
2023-11-20 CT - abdomen
2023-11-17 CT - abdomen
2023-11-16 SONO - abdomen
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[poor glycemic control: insulin initiated]
Lab results indicated poorly controlled blood sugar levels. Insulin injections have been newly initiated to address this issue.
If blood glucose levels remain above 200mg/dL for two consecutive days, increasing the insulin dosage or adding oral oral antiglycemic agents may be necessary.
[optimizing insulin dosing for high fasting glucose levels]
On 2024-05-05, a chest X-ray revealed a solitary pulmonary nodule in the RUL and ground-glass opacity in the LLL, with a CRP level of 3.9 mg/dL, suggesting an infection, currently managed with Brosym (cefoperazone, sulbactam).
The patient is on basal insulin therapy of 10 units at bedtime and bolus insulin before meals - 4 units for breakfast, 5 units for lunch, and 5 units for dinner. Despite this regimen, fasting serum glucose was recorded at 327 mg/dL on 2024-05-07 at 11:42. If such elevated levels persist, an increase in the insulin dosage should be considered.
[new-onset diabetes after pancreas surgery, potassium level for insulin user]
Approximately 16.6% of patients may develop diabetes following pancreaticoduodenectomy, with preoperative glycated hemoglobin levels above 5.4% being a predictor of new-onset diabetes. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2018.12.042)
The development of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) involves both a deficiency of insulin and an excess of glucagon, with glucagon playing a contributing but not essential role.
Insulin is a potent stimulus for hypokalaemia, sparing body potassium from urinary excretion by transporting it into cells. Given that the patient’s serum potassium was normal three days ago on 2024-03-25 and the patient is currently using insulin, it’s advisable to update the potassium level to determine the need for potassium supplementation.
[fluctuating hyperglycemia: consider increasing basal insulin]
The patient’s blood sugar levels are elevated and fluctuating, as shown by readings of 217, 181, and 361. If these high levels continue, it is recommended to increase the basal insulin dosage by 2 units.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[tracking scc reductions under current treatment]
SCC level is decreasing, which may indicate disease response to current therapy. No medication discrepancy detected.
[Salagen therapy: from BID to TID for better efficacy]
Salagen (pilocarpine) can be used to treat dry mouth associated with head and neck cancer, starting at 5 mg TID. The dose can be adjusted based on how well it’s tolerated and its effectiveness, with a typical daily range between 15 and 30 mg, and no single dose exceeding 10 mg.
If the current prescription of 5 mg BID doesn’t yield the expected results, increasing the frequency to TID could be considered.
Note: Evoxac (cevimeline) can be used to treat xerostomia (associated with Sjögren disease)
[prior dermatological reaction to PF regimen: close monitoring for skin changes]
The PF regimen was re-administered for CCRT on 2024-02-29. It is noteworthy that the patient experienced dermatological adverse reactions when the same regimen was used in 2023-08 to 2023-09. Therefore, it is advisable to closely monitor the patient for any signs of skin changes following the current administration.
[reconciliation]
The patient consistently refills his repeat prescription from LuoDong BoAi Hospital for Bokey (aspirin), Sevikar (amlodipine, olmesartan), and Livalo (pitavastatin). These drugs are currently being used with no discrepancies identified.
[dermatologic adverse reactions (5-FU)]
HIS5 records indicate that the patient visited our dermatologist on 2023-09-12 for suspected chemotherapy-related dermatopathy.
It has been reported that fluorouracil (administered initially on 2023-08-26 at a dose of 1800mg for 3 days) is associated with various dermatologic side effects, including alopecia, nail changes (including nail loss), dermatitis, hyperpigmentation (around veins), maculopapular rash (pruritic), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, skin fissures, skin photosensitivity, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and xeroderma. Since the second dose was administered on 2023-09-27 at a lower dose of 1500mg for 3 days, it is advisable to monitor the patient closely for any recurrence of dermatopathy.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[hyperuricemia managed with febuxostat; clobetasol for dermatitis; mid-term renal function decline noted, potential carboplatin adjustment]
Our dermatologist recommended using clobetasol propionate ointment for her dyshidrotic dermatitis (first consultation on 2024-04-12, just one month ago). Except for elevated BUN (33 mg/dL) and uric acid (8.7 mg/dL), other lab results on 2024-05-17 were relatively unremarkable. Hyperuricemia is managed with Feburic (febuxostat). TPR readings are stable, and blood sugar levels are acceptable. No current medication issues were found.
Over the past 10 months, the patient’s eGFR has decreased by approximately 20 to 30 mL/min/1.73m2, with the latest value being 51.7. The current regimen uses the less nephrotoxic carboplatin, but if renal function declines further, it may be necessary to reduce the carboplatin dose.
If the CrCl falls below 30 mL/min, the current use of Pradaxa (dabigatran) should be reduced.
[lab results affirm safety for continued chemotherapy sessions]
Cisplatin combined with radiotherapy was administered from 2023-11 to 2023-12, followed by a regimen of carboplatin and paclitaxel starting in 2024-01 as part of the systemic therapy.
Medications prescribed by the nephrologist on 2024-01-30, the cardiologist on 2024-02-29, and the general surgeon on 2024-03-13 have been included in the active medication list.
The patient’s vital signs are currently stable, and lab results on 2024-03-19 revealed no significant abnormalities, indicating no contraindications to continuing with a new chemotherapy session. No medication discrepancies were identified.
[hyperuricemia]
During this hospitalization, the patient experienced a significant increase in serum uric acid levels. Feburic (febuxostat) 80mg QD was initiated to address this.
If the elevated uric acid levels persist despite Feburic therapy, the addition of benzbromarone may be considered for further urate reduction.
[exam findings] (not completed)
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy for metastatic pancreatic cancer - 2023-10-20 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=ONC%2F79571
Modified FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer - 2023-10-20 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=ONC%2F109546
[tube feeding]
Dulcolax, containing 5 mg of bisacodyl, is an enteric-coated formulation that should not be split or crushed. As an alternative, Bisadyl suppositories with 10 mg of bisacodyl can be used. The patient is also prescribed sennoside 12 mg, 2 tablets at bedtime.
If these medications are not sufficiently effective, the addition of lactulose may be considered.
According to PharmaCloud records, the patient has not visited any other hospitals in the past three months, and no discrepancies in medication have been identified.
A general urine test conducted on 2023-10-19 revealed sediment RBC 50-99/HPF and Bacteria 1+, potentially indicating the presence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) that may require further intervention.
The patient underwent a total of 12 cycles of a modified FOLFIRINOX regimen for her pancreatic tail cancer from 2022-10 to 2023-04. A new treatment protocol of gemcitabine + nab-paclitaxel was initiated on 2023-06-14, with TS-1 added to the regimen on 2023-09-06. A dermatologic adverse reaction was noted on 2023-09-13. Per today’s progress note, the patient has developed oral mucositis, and there is a plan to administer Difflam (benzydamine) spray and/or Nincort (triamcinolone acetonide) oral gel. Given that triamcinolone is a synthetic corticosteroid, its prolonged use can lead to side effects, including oral fungal infections (thrush), taste alterations, and, in rare instances, adrenal suppression. Therefore, it’s recommended to employ the lowest effective dose.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
Stool OB 4+ was observed on 2024-05-15, and a PPI is currently being administered. Feburic (febuxostat) is also being used to lower serum uric acid. Sintrix (ceftriaxone) was empirically administered for PCT 1.55 ng/mL and CRP 17 mg/dL.
Prolonged PT with normal aPTT could indicate acute DIC, liver disease, mild vitamin K deficiency, or warfarin use. There are no records of warfarin in the PharmaCloud database.
No medication discrepancies have been identified.
Targocid (teicoplanin) and Mepem (meropenem) are being administered for elevated PCT and CRP levels, while BaoGan (silymarin), Uliden (ursodeoxycholic acid), potassium and magnesium supplements Const-K, KCl and MgSO4 are addressing elevated liver enzymes (AST, ALT), bilirubin, and instances of hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia.
The current dosages for these medications do not require adjustment despite the patient’s impaired liver function.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[immunochemotherapy]
[neutropenia follow-up]
Neutropenia resolved after Granocyte (lenograstim) administration for 3 consecutive days beginning on 2024-05-09.
[grade 3 neutropenia developed]
Lab results indicated an ANC of 728/uL. Caution is advised when administering a new session of R-CHOP.
Treatment should ideally be started only after the ANC has risen at least above 1000/uL.
[reconciliation]
Hypocalcemia was observed with a calcium level of 1.87 mmol/L on 2024-04-15, for which a dose of IVD Calglon (calcium gluconate) was administered, followed by a prescription for oral calcium carbonate. All other lab parameters recorded on that date were grossly within normal limits, and there were no discrepancies in medication management.
[immunochemo with graded doxorubicin addition & electrolyte management]
Liposomal doxorubicin was incorporated into the existing immunochemotherapy regimen on a gradual basis. The initial dose of 20mg was administered on 2024-01-29, followed by an escalation to 40mg on 2024-02-19.
Concomitantly, Const-K and calcium carbonate were used to manage hypokalemia (3.2mmol/L) and hypocalcemia (1.99mmol/L), respectively. No medication discrepancies were identified.
[managing low platelet counts during cancer treatment]
Since Dec 2023, this patient has exhibited persistent thrombocytopenia, well before starting the R-COP regimen on 2024-01-03. While R-COP may contribute to this condition, it should not be considered the sole cause. Thrombocytopenia could also be a manifestation of the patient’s underlying DLBCL.
Patients being treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy have a suppressed bone marrow that often cannot produce adequate platelets. It is recommended to use prophylactic platelet transfusion in these settings, assuming the patient is hospitalized, afebrile, and without active infection. A threshold platelet count of 10K/uL (transfuse for a platelet count < 10K/uL) is generally used. If fever, sepsis, or coagulopathy is present, or if the patient is not hospitalized and/or cannot be closely monitored, higher thresholds may be needed. (Ref: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/platelet-transfusion-indications-ordering-and-associated-risks)
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
Chemotherapy regimens for metastatic pancreatic cancer: FOLFIRINOX - 2024-02-16 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=ONC%2F79571
Cycle length: 14 days.
Regimen
Modified FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer - 2024-02-16 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=ONC%2F109546
Cycle length: 14 days.
Regimen
Abdominal CT scan performed on 2024-04-18, revealed stable pancreatic body cancer without further invasion into adjacent structures. Additionally, lab results showed a continued decline in CA-199 levels. These findings suggest that the current FOLFIRINOX treatment regimen is still effective.
No medication discrepancies were identified.
[clearance for 4th FOLFIRINOX session based on lab results]
Laboratory tests conducted on 2024-03-28 showed all key indicators, including blood counts, electrolytes, and liver and kidney functions, were grossly within normal ranges, allowing for the 4th session of FOLFIRINOX to proceed without medical objections.
A comprehensive examination of the patient’s medication list in both the HIS5 and PharmaCloud databases confirmed consistency and accuracy.
[reconciliation]
The CA-199 level has declined relative to the previous month’s data. Laboratory results from 2024-03-06 were generally within normal limits, leading to the administration of the third cycle of FOLFIRINOX on the same day.
A thorough review of the HIS5 and PharmaCloud databases revealed no discrepancies in medication.
[rising CA-199 in newly-started FOLFIRINOX Regimen, further investigation needed. unremarkable labs & no med discrepancies]
This patient initiated FOLFIRINOX treatment in late 2024-01 and the current hospitalization pertains to the second cycle. While other lab findings on 2024-02-15 were unremarkable and no medication discrepancies were identified, ongoing elevation of the tumor marker CA-199 warrants further investigation.
[lab data]
2023-08-29 Anti-HBc Reactive
2023-08-29 Anti-HBc-Value 6.12 S/CO
2023-08-29 Anti-HBs 85.60 mIU/mL
2023-08-29 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-08-29 HBsAg (Value) 0.35 S/CO
2023-08-29 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-08-29 Anti-HCV Value 0.10 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
2024-05-09 - nivolumab 3mg/kg 200mg NS 100mL 1hr + docetaxel 50mg/m2 65mg D5W 100mL 1hr + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 100mg D5W 250mL 2hr (Y-sited with Lv) + leucovorin 200mg/m2 300mg NS 250mL 2hr (Y-sited with Oxa) + fluorouracil 2600mg/m2 3500mg NS 500mL 24hr (Opdivo + FLOT)
2024-03-07 (radical subtotal gastrectomy)
2024-02-05 - nivolumab 3mg/kg 200mg NS 100mL 1hr + docetaxel 50mg/m2 65mg D5W 100mL 1hr + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 100mg D5W 250mL 2hr (Y-sited with Lv) + leucovorin 200mg/m2 300mg NS 250mL 2hr (Y-sited with Oxa) + fluorouracil 2600mg/m2 3500mg NS 500mL 24hr (Opdivo + FLOT)
2024-01-18 - nivolumab 3mg/kg 200mg NS 100mL 1hr + docetaxel 50mg/m2 65mg D5W 100mL 1hr + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 100mg D5W 250mL 2hr (Y-sited with Lv) + leucovorin 200mg/m2 300mg NS 250mL 2hr (Y-sited with Oxa) + fluorouracil 2600mg/m2 3500mg NS 500mL 24hr (Opdivo + FLOT)
2023-12-14 - nivolumab 3mg/kg 200mg NS 100mL 1hr + docetaxel 50mg/m2 65mg D5W 100mL 1hr + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 100mg D5W 250mL 2hr (Y-sited with Lv) + leucovorin 200mg/m2 300mg NS 250mL 2hr (Y-sited with Oxa) + fluorouracil 2600mg/m2 3500mg NS 500mL 24hr (Opdivo + FLOT)
2023-11-17 - nivolumab 3mg/kg 200mg NS 100mL 1hr + docetaxel 50mg/m2 60mg D5W 100mL 1hr + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 100mg D5W 250mL 2hr (Y-sited with Lv) + leucovorin 200mg/m2 240mg NS 250mL 2hr (Y-sited with Oxa) + fluorouracil 2600mg/m2 3500mg NS 500mL 24hr (Opdivo + FLOT)
2023-11-03 - nivolumab 3mg/kg 200mg NS 100mL 1hr + docetaxel 50mg/m2 60mg D5W 100mL 1hr + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 100mg D5W 250mL 2hr (Y-sited with Lv) + leucovorin 200mg/m2 350mg NS 250mL 2hr (Y-sited with Oxa) + fluorouracil 2600mg/m2 3000mg NS 500mL 24hr (Opdivo + FLOT)
2023-10-17 - nivolumab 3mg/kg 200mg NS 100mL 1hr + docetaxel 50mg/m2 60mg D5W 100mL 1hr + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 120mg D5W 250mL 2hr (Y-sited with Lv) + leucovorin 200mg/m2 300mg NS 250mL 2hr (Y-sited with Oxa) + fluorouracil 2600mg/m2 4000mg NS 500mL 24hr (Opdivo + FLOT)
2023-09-21 - nivolumab 3mg/kg 200mg NS 100mL 1hr + docetaxel 50mg/m2 60mg D5W 100mL 1hr + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 120mg D5W 250mL 2hr (Y-sited with Lv) + leucovorin 200mg/m2 300mg NS 250mL 2hr (Y-sited with Oxa) + fluorouracil 2600mg/m2 4000mg NS 500mL 24hr (Opdivo + FLOT)
[no more leukopenia now, checking WBC left shifts]
A leukopenia episode was observed with a notably low WBC count of 1.82K/uL on 2024-02-02, following approximately two weeks after the last Opdivo + FLOT treatment on 2024-01-18. The timely administration of Granocyte (lenograstim) has effectively resolved the leukopenia as of the current date.
2024-02-05 Metamyelocyte 1.9 %
2024-02-05 Promyelocyte 1.0 %
2024-02-05 WBC 13.12 x10^3/uL 2024-02-05 Opdivo + FLOT
2024-02-02 WBC 1.82 x10^3/uL ***
2024-01-23 WBC 4.40 x10^3/uL
2024-01-17 WBC 3.72 x10^3/uL 2024-01-18 Opdivo + FLOT
2024-01-10 WBC 6.61 x10^3/uL
2023-12-28 WBC 15.72 x10^3/uL
2023-12-26 WBC 2.01 x10^3/uL **
2023-12-14 WBC 6.16 x10^3/uL 2023-12-14 Opdivo + FLOT
2023-11-28 WBC 2.84 x10^3/uL *
2023-11-21 WBC 4.20 x10^3/uL
2023-11-17 WBC 2.54 x10^3/uL * 2023-11-17 Opdivo + FLOT
2023-11-03 WBC 2.26 x10^3/uL ** 2023-11-03 Opdivo + FLOT
2023-11-01 WBC 2.17 x10^3/uL **
2023-10-11 WBC 3.22 x10^3/uL 2023-10-17 Opdivo + FLOT
2023-10-04 WBC 2.82 x10^3/uL *
2023-09-21 WBC 4.21 x10^3/uL 2023-09-21 Opdivo + FLOT
2023-09-01 WBC 5.35 x10^3/uL
The differential WBC count continues to exhibit a left shift, warranting an investigation to exclude the presence of an infection.
The lab data from 2023-12-14, as well as TPR readings, appear generally normal. After reviewing the PharmaCloud and HIS5 records, no discrepancies were found in the active medication list.
No discrepancy in the medication is found after a review of the PharmaCloud and HIS5 records.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
This patient received R-COP on 2024-04-01 during his last hospital stay and admitted to receive R-CDOP on 2024-05-09 during this hospitalization. Lab results on 2024-05-08 showed no significant abnormalities, and no medication discrepancies were identified.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[Otitis Media, Acute, Empiric Therapy]
The nurse practitioner has advised the patient increasing dietary salt intake to manage his hyponatremia (serum sodium 128 mmol/L).
Normal liver and kidney function were confirmed by the lab results on 2024-05-07. Currently, the administration of Soonmelt (amoxicillin 500mg, clavulanic acid 100mg) at 2 vials (1200mg) Q8H is appropriate as there are no contraindications.
Supplementary references: Otitis Media, Acute, Empiric Therapy - Empiric therapy, acute otitis media, acute otorrhea, recurrent otitis media, tympanostomy - Ref: https://web.sanfordguide.com/en/sanford-guide-online/disease-clinical-condition/otitis-media
[leukopenia, thrombocytopenia]
The weekly administrations of cisplatin on 2023-10-04, 2023-10-11, 2023-10-18, and 2023-10-25 are an integral part of the current concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) treatment. However, the patient’s WBC and PLT recovery appears to be insufficient, resulting in a continued decline in WBC and PLT counts. Consequently, chemotherapy has been temporarily suspended, and a regimen of G-CSF (filgrastim) 300mg SC QD was commenced on 2023-11-07. A platelet transfusion will also be performed today (2023-11-08).
2023-11-08 WBC 1.73 x10^3/uL **
2023-11-07 WBC 1.30 x10^3/uL **
2023-10-31 WBC 2.33 x10^3/uL *
2023-10-24 WBC 3.36 x10^3/uL
2023-10-17 WBC 4.63 x10^3/uL
2023-10-09 WBC 6.55 x10^3/uL
2023-10-03 WBC 6.27 x10^3/uL
2023-11-08 PLT 34 10^3/uL **
2023-11-07 PLT 30 10^3/uL **
2023-10-31 PLT 67 *10^3/uL **
2023-10-24 PLT 142 10^3/uL
2023-10-17 PLT 250 *10^3/uL
2023-10-09 PLT 299 *10^3/uL
2023-10-03 PLT 314 *10^3/uL
There is a slight increase in WBC and PLT, according to the preliminary observation today.
[acute otitis media]
Ref: Otitis Media, Acute, Empiric Therapy - https://webedition.sanfordguide.com/en/sanford-guide-online/disease-clinical-condition/otitis-media
In treating adult acute otitis media (AOM) without prior antibiotic exposure in the preceding month, the following therapeutic options can be considered:
For patients who have received antibiotics in the previous month, alternative treatments include:
The standard duration for treatment is 10 days, although it is important to note that the course for Levofloxacin is 5 days.
At present, the patient is being treated with Soonmelt (amoxicillin 500mg, clavulanic acid 100mg) 1200mg IVD Q8H, which is considered an appropriate treatment.
[alarming trend: kidney function deteriorates over the past two months]
Kidney function has shown a worsening trend in the last two months.
The current dose of cisplatin used in concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is lower than that used in the earlier TPF regimen, and adequate hydration has been provided during administration. To further protect renal function after recovery from the recent leukopenia and thrombocytopenia event, and if CCRT treatment is to continue, additional renal protective options include:
Ethyol (amifostine): A cytoprotective agent that can be administered prior to cisplatin to guard against nephrotoxicity by selectively shielding normal tissues from the harmful effects of chemotherapy. However, this medication is currently not available at our institution.
Magnesium Supplementation: To counteract the magnesium wasting caused by cisplatin, which can lead to nephrotoxicity, magnesium supplements may be administered to prevent hypomagnesemia.
Potassium Supplementation: Administered to replenish potassium lost during cisplatin treatment, as cisplatin can cause potassium to be excreted in the urine, potentially leading to hypokalemia.
N-acetylcysteine (NAC): An antioxidant considered to protect the kidneys from damage induced by cisplatin through the reduction of oxidative stress.
Diuretics: Agents like mannitol may be used alongside hydration to induce diuresis, which can help prevent the accumulation of cisplatin in the kidneys.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
Hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia have been managed with oral Const-K tablets and intravenous MgSO4 supplementation. No medication discrepancies have been identified.
[allergy]
[Family History]
[lab data]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[immunochemotherapy]
Topotecan - 2024-02-29 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/topotecan-drug-information
Topotecan was initiated in late Feb 2024 following a CT scan on 2024-02-17 that showed progressing abdominal metastatic lymph nodes. This regimen will have been in use for three months by the end of this month. An updated imaging study may be arranged to evaluate the treatment effect, especially since the CA125 levels reached a record high on 2024-05-02.
Review of the patient’s medication regimen did not reveal any discrepancies
[irinotecan cycle 2: tolerated 1st session, labs clear]
The patient is admitted for the 2nd session of irinotecan therapy. This patient tolerated the 1st session well, and lab results from 2024-03-21, showed no contraindications for administration.
[disease progression after multiple regimens: Enhertu partial response & topotecan consideration]
The patient’s disease progressed after receiving paclitaxel and carboplatin, followed by liposomal doxorubicin and carboplatin. However, a partial response was observed with Enhertu (fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki. There was NO amplification of HER2 gene detected on 2023-07-26).
Enhertu is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that delivers the topoisomerase I inhibitor payload deruxtecan (DXd). Topotecan, which is currently being used, is also a topoisomerase I inhibitor. Therefore, it is expected that there may still be a response, but with potentially higher adverse reactions.
Neutropenia was observed when Enhertu was previously administered, so close monitoring is recommended.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
This patient was admitted on 2024-05-04 and is continuing to receive UFT for the treatment of colon cancer.
Morphine and Tramacet are currently being used for pain management. According to the nursing record at 07:15 on 2024-05-06, the patient reported no pain, with a VAS score of 0, indicating effective pain control. No medication discrepancies have been found.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
[using Micafungin in candidemia with renal impairment]
For patients with candidemia, UpToDate [1] suggests initial therapy with one of the following echinocandins:
Micafungin 100mg IVD QD is currently in use and meets the guideline proposal. This patient has impaired renal function, however no dosage adjustment necessary for any degree of kidney dysfunction [2].
Ref: - [1] https://www.uptodate.com/contents/management-of-candidemia-and-invasive-candidiasis-in-adults - [2] Pharmacokinetics of micafungin in healthy volunteers, volunteers with moderate liver disease, and volunteers with renal dysfunction. J Clin Pharmacol. 2005;45(10):1145-1152.
[culture results: urine - Candida albicans 80000 CFU/cc; blood and port A - yeast-like]
Candida albicans - Sanford guide
Clinical Setting
Classification
Primary Regimens
Alternative Regimens
Antimicrobial Stewardship
[evaluating cardiac output and metabolic acidosis in clinical settings, considerations for albumin supplementation in hypoalbuminemia]
According to the TPR panel in HIS5, the patient’s net fluid input has consistently been positive over the past week, theoretically corresponding to an increase in body weight, although weight measurements have only been recorded in the TPR panel since 2024-05-01. During this period, the patient’s heart rate has increased from under 100 to 130 beats per minute. Since hypovolemia should have been addressed, and given a PCT level of 4.30 ng/mL and D-dimer > 10000 ng/mL (FEU) on 2024-05-01 suggesting a possible infection, further investigation into infectious signs is warranted. Could the increased heart rate be a compensatory mechanism to enhance cardiac output or to counteract metabolic acidosis due to impaired kidney function? A 2D cardiac echocardiogram might be considered.
Additionally, with hypoalbuminemia noted at 2.5 g/dL on 2024-05-01, albumin supplementation could also be considered.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
2024-04-30 Dermatology
2024-03-21 Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery
2024-03-05 Dermatology
2024-02-25 Infectious Disease
2024-02-23 Dermatology
2024-02-22 Ear Nose Throat
2024-02-22 Urology
2024-02-01 Urology
2024-01-12 Psychosomatic Medicine
2023-11-22 Urology
2023-06-29 Colorectal Surgery
2023-06-29 Urology
2023-03-06 Gastroenterology
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
2024-04-29 - nivolumab 3mg/kg 100mg NS 100mL 1hr (Opdivo + Stivarga (regorafenib))
2024-04-10 - nivolumab 3mg/kg 100mg NS 100mL 1hr (Opdivo + Stivarga (regorafenib))
2024-03-22 - nivolumab 3mg/kg 100mg NS 100mL 1hr (Opdivo + Stivarga (regorafenib))
2024-03-07 - nivolumab 3mg/kg 100mg NS 100mL 1hr (Opdivo + Stivarga (regorafenib))
2024-02-22 - nivolumab 3mg/kg 100mg NS 100mL 1hr (Opdivo + Stivarga (regorafenib))
2024-02-05 - nivolumab 3mg/kg 100mg NS 100mL 1hr (Opdivo + Stivarga (regorafenib))
2024-01-11 - bevacizumab 5mg/kg 200mg NS 100mL 90min (Avastin + Lonsurf (trifluridine, tipiracil))
2023-12-23 - bevacizumab 5mg/kg 200mg NS 100mL 90min (Avastin + Lonsurf (trifluridine, tipiracil))
2023-11-01 - bevacizumab 5mg/kg 200mg NS 100mL 90min (Avastin + Lonsurf (trifluridine, tipiracil))
2023-10-09 - FOLFIRI
2023-09-12 - FOLFIRI
2023-08-15 - FOLFIRI
2023-07-25 - FOLFIRI
2023-07-05 - irinotecan 150mg/m2 200mg D5W 250mL 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 550mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 400mg/m2 550mg 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 3300mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFIRI Q2W)
2023-06-09 - irinotecan 120mg/m2 160mg D5W 250mL 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 550mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 400mg/m2 550mg 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 3300mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFIRI Q2W)
2024-02-05 ~ undergoing (2024-02-23) - Stivarga (regorafenib 40mg)
2023-10-30 ~ 2024-02-02 - Lonsurf (trifluridine 15mg, tipiracil 7.065mg) 3# BID
Systemic therapy for nonoperable metastatic colorectal cancer: Approach to later lines of systemic therapy - 2024-02-23 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/systemic-therapy-for-nonoperable-metastatic-colorectal-cancer-approach-to-later-lines-of-systemic-therapy
Stivarga (regorafenib) is known to cause anemia in 79% of cases, with severe anemia (grade 3) occurring in 5% and critical anemia (grade 4) in 1% of patients.
Severe anemia was previously addressed in the pharmacist’s notes on 2024-04-30. The most recent HGB lab value, recorded on 2024-04-29, was 7.6 g/dL. Since the last LPRBC transfusion, no further updates on the lab values have been recorded.
The biopsy of the left forearm conducted in early March did not pathologically confirm skin metastasis.
Grade 3 severe anemia, with a hemoglobin level of 7.6 g/dL recorded on 2024-04-29, was addressed with a LPRBC transfusion.
No discrepancies in medication have been identified at this time.
[regorafenib and nivolumab: evaluating adverse skin reactions]
Stivarga (regorafenib) has been associated with skin rash occurrences in 26% to 30% of cases. Given that this medication has been administered since 2024-02-05 and the onset of skin rash was noted on 2024-02-18, a causal relationship cannot be ruled out.
Dermatologic toxicities, such as immune-mediated rashes including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN, some instances fatal), exfoliative dermatitis, and bullous pemphigoid, may be induced by nivolumab. The mechanism is not dose-related and remains unclear. Typically, dermatologic toxicity presents early in the course of treatment with nivolumab, with a median onset time ranging from 2.8 to 6.1 weeks post-treatment initiation, and can affect patients with any type of tumor. The median onset time for symptoms resembling Sjögren’s disease is approximately 70 days. Therefore, considering the skin rash appeared merely two weeks after starting nivolumab, it is improbable that nivolumab is the cause.
[strategies for weight management during chemotherapy]
The patient, undergoing treatment with Avastin and Lonsurf, has maintained a body weight of approximately 40kg since Mar 2023, experiencing a decline to 38kg in the last week.
Lonsurf is known to contribute to decreased appetite (reported in 34% to 39% of cases) and diarrhea (reported in 23% to 32% of cases, with grades 3/4 severity in 3%).
Considering these side effects, the introduction of megestrol may be beneficial in addressing the patient’s weight loss.
[UTI follow-up]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[Sevatrim preparation and administration]
Sevatrim (sulfamethoxazole 400mg, trimethoprim 80mg; 5mL per ampoule) for Adults:
[balancing efficacy and side effects in lung cancer chemotherapy]
CT and MRI imaging in Mar 2024 confirmed disease progression, prompting a shift in treatment to a regimen of docetaxel plus durvalumab starting on 2024-04-04.
Pancyclopenia subsequently developed with a nadir observed on the 10th day following docetaxel administration.
Currently, leukopenia has resolved, and both anemia and thrombocytopenia have significantly improved.
2024-04-21 WBC 9.01 x10^3/uL
2024-04-18 WBC 23.51 x10^3/uL
2024-04-14 WBC 2.16 x10^3/uL
2024-04-12 WBC 0.57 x10^3/uL nadir
2024-04-08 WBC 2.80 x10^3/uL
2024-04-03 WBC 5.31 x10^3/uL docetaxel (2024/04/04)
2024-04-21 Neutrophil 63.5 %
2024-04-18 Neutrophil 80.4 %
2024-04-14 Neutrophil 22.3 %
2024-04-12 Neutrophil 8.0 % nadir
2024-04-08 Neutrophil 65.7 %
2024-04-03 Neutrophil 67.4 % docetaxel (2024/04/04)
2024-04-21 HGB 9.8 g/dL
2024-04-18 HGB 11.5 g/dL
2024-04-14 HGB 10.6 g/dL
2024-04-12 HGB 6.6 g/dL nadir
2024-04-08 HGB 8.4 g/dL
2024-04-03 HGB 8.1 g/dL docetaxel (2024/04/04)
2024-04-21 PLT 97 *10^3/uL
2024-04-18 PLT 46 *10^3/uL
2024-04-14 PLT 105 *10^3/uL
2024-04-12 PLT 32 *10^3/uL nadir
2024-04-08 PLT 44 *10^3/uL
2024-04-03 PLT 46 *10^3/uL docetaxel (2024/04/04)
The standard docetaxel dose for NSCLC is 75 mg/m². For this patient, with a body surface area (BSA) of 1.52 m² based on his weight of 52 kg and height of 159 cm, the calculated dose would be 114 mg. However, given the patient’s ECOG performance status of 3, a reduced dose of 100 mg (with no platin in the regimen) was administered.
If pancytopenia cannot be effectively managed with blood transfusions or G-CSF, further dose reductions or extending the dosing interval might be considered, although this could potentially impact treatment efficacy.
[durvalumab: lymphocytopenia more common than leukopenia]
The patient’s historical data shows that leukopenia often occurs one to two weeks after chemotherapy. According to the literature, 2024-02-19 administered durvalumab is less likely to cause leukopenia, and lymphocytopenia is more common. The latest data shows that the WBC level is now normal.
[recovery patterns of WBC and PLT after chemotherapy]
The last administration of pemetrexed plus carboplatin for this patient occurred on 2023-12-28.
The nadir for both WBC and PLT counts was observed on 2024-01-08, which aligns with the expected timeline for these side effects.
According to UpToDate, carboplatin tends to have a higher incidence of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia compared to pemetrexed.
Currently, both WBC and PLT levels are in the process of recovery.
2024-01-23 WBC 5.38 x10^3/uL
2024-01-19 WBC 4.21 x10^3/uL
2024-01-15 WBC 20.07 x10^3/uL
2024-01-11 WBC 1.54 x10^3/uL **
2024-01-08 WBC 1.01 x10^3/uL ***
2024-01-02 WBC 4.65 x10^3/uL
2023-12-27 WBC 5.20 x10^3/uL
2024-01-23 PLT 174 *10^3/uL
2024-01-19 PLT 97 10^3/uL
2024-01-15 PLT 42 *10^3/uL **
2024-01-11 PLT 137 *10^3/uL
2024-01-08 PLT 17 10^3/uL **
2024-01-02 PLT 108 *10^3/uL
2023-12-27 PLT 110 *10^3/uL
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
The lab results obtained on 2024-05-01, were largely unremarkable, and the patient’s ECOG performance status of 1 indicated no apparent reason to withhold FOLFOX therapy.
The lab results on 2024-01-07 were grossly normal and ECOG PS 1, no obvious contraindication to the administration of FOLFOX.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[considerations for ursodeoxycholic acid in this elevated bilirubin case]
On 2024-05-01, this patient’s eGFR was recorded at 41 mL/min/1.73m². The patient is currently receiving Loforan (cefotaxime) at a dosage of 2g IVD Q8H, which is at the upper limit of the recommended dosage for patients with a CrCl of 10 to 50 mL/min. The patient’s vital signs are stable at this time.
Previous lab data indicated elevated DBI/TBI percentages. Given the persistently high total bilirubin, the addition of Uliden (ursodeoxycholic acid 100mg) at a dose 1# QD might be considered as an optional treatment to improve this condition.
[potential Xeloda dose change: low eGFR identified]
Both CEA and CA199 tumor markers have shown a significant increase since 2024. This rise suggests potential disease progression. Additionally, an abdominal CT scan performed on 2024-03-04, revealed increased soft tissue in the peritoneal cavity with ascites, raising suspicion for peritoneal carcinomatosis.
2024-03-22 CEA (NM) 23.483 ng/ml
2023-10-17 CEA (NM) 2.287 ng/ml
2023-08-11 CEA (NM) 2.751 ng/ml
2023-07-21 CEA (NM) 2.233 ng/ml
2023-06-30 CEA (NM) 3.143 ng/ml
2023-02-07 CEA (NM) 2.343 ng/ml
2024-03-22 CA-199 (NM) 1878.950 U/ml
2024-02-23 CA-199 (NM) 151.353 U/ml
2023-12-08 CA-199 (NM) 34.657 U/ml
2023-10-17 CA-199 (NM) 44.405 U/ml
2023-08-11 CA-199 (NM) 25.447 U/ml
2023-07-21 CA-199 (NM) 32.308 U/ml
2023-06-30 CA-199 (NM) 25.255 U/ml
2023-02-07 CA-199 (NM) 29.598 U/ml
The patient has been taking Xeloda (capecitabine) since 2023-02. His most recent eGFR measured on 2024-04-02 is 44. According to UpToDate, a 75% reduction in the usual daily dose recommended for patients with a CrCl of 30-50 mL/min is advised.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
2024-04-24 Psychosomatic Medicine
2024-04-17 Metabolism and Endocrinology
2024-04-12 Nephrology
2024-04-03 Radiation Oncology
2024-04-02 Diagnostic Radiation
2024-04-02 Infectious Disease
2023-08-02 Maxillofacial Surgery
2023-07-31 Hemato-Oncology
[immunochemotherapy]
[combination therapies for oral mucositis]
This patient is currently being treated with Darzalex (daratumumab) and Revlimid (lenalidomide) for multiple myeloma and has developed oral mucositis. Nincord Oral Gel (triamcinolone) has been prescribed to manage this condition. Should this treatment prove insufficiently effective, additional topical therapies might be considered:
Topical lidocaine solutions can provide pain relief, though they require frequent application to maintain efficacy.
The topical application of morphine sulfate (0.2%, 2 mg/mL in water), used as a 15 mL rinse held in the mouth for two minutes before expectorating, may reduce both the duration and intensity of mouth pain, even without significant systemic absorption.
Additionally, the oral supplementation of glutamine, which may be available at the WellCare store on B1 level, could also be optionally considered. The updated 2020 guidelines from the MASCC/ISOO for the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis recommend the use of oral glutamine for preventing oral mucositis in individuals with head and neck cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy, although no recommendation is made for other patient groups. (Ref: MASCC/ISOO clinical practice guidelines for the management of mucositis secondary to cancer therapy. Cancer. 2020 Oct 1;126(19):4423-4431. doi: 10.1002/cncr.33100. Epub 2020 Jul 28. Erratum in: Cancer. 2021 Oct 1;127(19):3700.)
[recommended daptomycin regimen for decreased renal function]
On 2024-04-29, the patient’s serum creatinine was 2.98 mg/dL, BUN 53 mg/dL, eGFR 16.57 mL/min/1.73m², and body weight 56.8 kg.
Per the Sanford Guide, Cubicin (daptomycin) should be administered at 6 mg/kg every 48 hours. The current dosage of 500 mg daily is recommended to be adjusted to 350 mg every other day.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
2024-04-17 - nivolumab 3mg/kg 200mg NS 100mL 60min + D5W 1000mL 2hr (Y-sidted Opdivo)
2024-04-03 - nivolumab 3mg/kg 200mg NS 100mL 30min
2024-03-20 - nivolumab 3mg/kg 200mg NS 100mL 30min
2024-03-06 - nivolumab 3mg/kg 200mg NS 100mL 30min
2024-02-21 - nivolumab 3mg/kg 200mg NS 100mL 30min
2024-02-07 - nivolumab 3mg/kg 200mg NS 100mL 30min
2023-09-14 - cisplatin 40mg/m2 70mg NS 500mL 2hr + NS 1000mL (Y-sited CDDP) (CCRT. Xia HeXiong)
2023-09-07 - cisplatin 40mg/m2 70mg NS 500mL 2hr + NS 1000mL (Y-sited CDDP) (CCRT. Xia HeXiong)
2023-08-31 - cisplatin 40mg/m2 70mg NS 500mL 2hr + NS 1000mL (Y-sited CDDP) (CCRT. Xia HeXiong)
2023-08-24 - cisplatin 40mg/m2 70mg NS 500mL 2hr + NS 1000mL (Y-sited CDDP) (CCRT. Xia HeXiong)
2023-08-17 - cisplatin 40mg/m2 70mg NS 500mL 2hr + NS 1000mL (Y-sited CDDP) (CCRT. Xia HeXiong)
2023-08-10 - cisplatin 40mg/m2 70mg NS 500mL 2hr + NS 1000mL (Y-sited CDDP) (CCRT. Xia HeXiong)
[tube feeding]
Dulcolax, containing 5mg of bisacodyl, is an enteric-coated formulation that should not be split or ground. An alternative is the use of Bisadyl supp pills with 10mg bisacodyl. The patient is also prescribed sennoside 12mg 2# HS.
If these medications prove not enough effective, the addition of lactulose may be considered.
[safe addition of potassium to Bfluid infusions]
Bfluid 1000 mL contains 20 mEq/L of potassium and can accommodate an additional 40 mEq/L in the same bag. If it is intended to use Y-sited 0.298% KCl 500mL (which contains 20 mEq of potassium), there should be no incompatibilities.
[managing hypercalcemia with hydration and Miacalcic]
On 2024-04-29, hypercalcemia was noted with a calcium level of 3.50 mmol/L.
The patient is currently receiving 0.298% KCl in 0.9% NaCl 500mL IVD Q8H and Bfluid 1000mL QD, totaling 2500mL of daily hydration.
The addition of Miacalcic (calcitonin) might be considered as a subcutaneous injection, starting with an initial dose of 4 units/kg every 12 hours. If calcium reduction is inadequate after 6 to 12 hours, the dose may be increased to 8 units/kg every 6 to 12 hours. It is suggested to monitor for the development of tachyphylaxis after administration.
[fluconazole dosing strategy and alternative treatments for oropharyngeal candidiasis]
For nonpregnant adults with oropharyngeal candidiasis, nystatin suspension is an option. However, based on the patient’s stable renal and liver function from the lab results dated 2024-04-29, fluconazole is recommended, starting with 200 mg orally on the first day followed by 100 to 200 mg daily.
If the candidiasis becomes refractory, the dose may be doubled, up to a maximum of 400 mg per day. Should there be no response after several days, consider switching to an alternative treatment such as:
Treatment typically lasts 7 to 14 days for uncomplicated cases and 14 to 28 days for refractory cases.
Hypokalemia has been noted for several days. It is recommended that the serum potassium level be reassessed to determine whether or not supplementation is needed.
[exam findings] (not completed)
[MedRec]
2023-11-01 ~ 2023-11-03 POMR Gastroenterology Chen JianHua
2023-07-02 ~ 2023-07-04 POMR Thoracic Surgery Xie MinXiao
2023-06-05 ~ 2023-06-16 POMR Gastroenterology Chen JianHua
2022-04-02 ~ 2022-04-08 POMR Gastroenterology Hong YuLong
2017-11-02 ~ 2017-11-03 POMR Orthopedics Li YiXuan
2017-07-04 ~ 2017-07-11 POMR Orthopedics Li YiXuan
[lab data]
2024-01-11 HBsAg Nonreactive
2024-01-11 HBsAg Value 0.51 S/CO
2024-01-11 Anti-HBs 22.54 mIU/mL
2024-01-11 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2024-01-11 Anti-HCV Value 0.18 S/CO
2024-01-11 Anti-HBc Nonreactive
2024-01-11 Anti-HBc Value 0.19 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
A fungating wound infection on the left foot was observed, with imaging revealing a mass associated with adjacent bone erosion. Currently, the patient is being treated with Brosym (cefoperazone, sulbactam). No discrepancies in medication were identified. in use. no medication discrepancy identified.
[navigating pembrolizumab and nivolumab for melanoma under NHI, addressing the gap in BRAF mutation data]
The NHI provides coverage for pembrolizumab and/or nivolumab for patients diagnosed with stage III or IV melanoma, particularly those with unresectable or metastatic tumors who have not responded to at least one prior systemic treatment.
Currently, there are no records of BRAF mutation test results available in the HIS5 system. It is advisable to conduct BRAF mutation testing if it has not been performed previously.
[bedside visit: navigating patient preferences in advanced disease care]
I visited this patient around 13:55 today. The patient shared that he was treated for the disease at TMUH in Apr 2023, including undergoing surgery, and no BRAF mutations were found. He has searched extensively and viewed his medical images to understand the spread and malignancy of the disease. He has also discussed his wish for a peaceful end with his family, who understand and support this preference.
I inquired if the patient’s reluctance to continue chemotherapy was solely due to severe watery diarrhea. I suggested that we could focus more on medications to manage the diarrhea. However, the patient indicated that beyond diarrhea, factors such as difficulty in mobility, the risk of infection from low white blood cell counts due to chemotherapy, taste alterations, and poor appetite contributed to his decision against enduring further treatment.
I then asked if using painkillers still allowed for comfortable bowel movements, mentioning that there are medications available to aid with this symptom. The patient noted he naturally tends towards constipation but currently have bowel movements more than once a week, which are not particularly hard, and find this manageable.
Considering the patient’s understanding, it might be appropriate to consider arranging hospice combined care to align with the patient’s wishes.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[administering Nexium via SSM for this tube-fed patient]
Pariet (rabeprazole) tablets are enteric-coated and not recommended to be crushed. An alternative approach for tube feeding patients is to use Nexium (esomeprazole) with the Simple Suspension Method (SSM), which allows the medication to be prepared in a liquid form suitable for administration through a nasogastric (NG) tube.
The Simple Suspension Method involves the following steps:
Key considerations for using the Simple Suspension Method include:
[allergy]
[lab data]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[multiteam]
[chemoimmunotherapy]
[managing high blood glucose during cancer therapy]
During this hospitalization, the patient has maintained stable vital signs and lab results from 2024-04-24 have been grossly normal. There is no contraindication to proceeding with this session of Erbitux plus FOLFIRI.
However, blood glucose levels have been recorded around 200 mg/dL, which remains elevated despite current medications, Relinide (repaglinide) and Galvus Met (vildagliptin, metformin). If these high glucose levels persist, the introduction of additional antihyperglycemic agents may be necessary.
[reconciliation]
There is no evidence in the lab results on 2024-04-01 to be a contraindication to the administration of chemotherapy.
[Baraclude (entecavir) dosage for reduced kidney function]
Renal function lab results:
2024-03-11 Creatinine 1.52 mg/dL
2024-02-27 Creatinine 1.26 mg/dL
2024-02-15 Creatinine 1.32 mg/dL
2024-01-31 Creatinine 1.03 mg/dL
2024-01-18 Creatinine 1.36 mg/dL
2024-01-10 Creatinine 1.11 mg/dL
2024-03-11 eGFR 47.63 ml/min/1.73m^2
2024-02-27 eGFR 59.14 ml/min/1.73m^2
2024-02-15 eGFR 56.05 ml/min/1.73m^2
2024-01-31 eGFR 74.63 ml/min/1.73m^2
2024-01-18 eGFR 54.15 ml/min/1.73m^2
2024-01-10 eGFR 68.45 ml/min/1.73m^2
On 2024-03-11, a serum creatinine level of 1.52 mg/dL was measured, indicating a slight decline in kidney function. For patients taking Baraclude (entecavir) with a CrCl between 30 and 50 mL/minute, the following dosage adjustments are recommended:
Medications prescribed by other departments are incorporated into the current medication list, and no discrepancies have been identified.
In addition to visiting our hemato-oncology department, the patient also consulted our urologist on 2023-07-07 and our cardiologist on 2023-07-14. The urologist prescribed Urief (silodosin) and the cardiologist prescribed Concor (bisoprolol). These medications were accurately added to the active formulary and no discrepancies were found during reconciliation.
According to the current PharmaCloud database, the patient refiled his prescription at Taipei City Hospital on 2023-06-21 for Algitab Chewable Tablets (alginic acid), Avamys Nasal Spray (fluticasone furoate), and Engene Eye Drops Patron (flavineadenine dinucleotide), all of which are valid for 28 days and are currently still valid. However, these medications are not yet on the patient’s active formulary at our hospital. This could lead to potential medication reconciliation discrepancies. It’s advisable for the primary care team to confirm whether these medications are still needed for the patient’s current clinical condition. If these medications are needed, they should be added to the patient’s active formulary accordingly.
Per the PharmaCloud database, this patient recently had an outpatient visit at Taipei City Hospital on 2023-05-24. He was prescribed Algitab, Broen-C, acetaminophen for oral use, and sulfamethoxazole eye drops for a 28-day duration. Most of these medications are intended to manage GI symptoms. Upon examination of the current medication list, equivalent therapeutic drugs have already been prescribed. Consequently, no issues were identified during the medication reconciliation process.
Based on the serum glucose level range of 288 mg/dL to 230 mg/dL, it appears that the patient’s underlying condition of type 2 DM is not well-controlled despite taking Galvus Met (vildagliptin + metformin) and Relinide (repaglinide). However, since there is no evidence of renal insufficiency (as of 2023-04-10 with Cre at 1.02mg/dL, eGFR at 75.67, and BUN at 21), the addition of Dibose (acarbose 100mg) 0.5# TIDAC is recommended if the high glucose level persists.
The recurrence of cancer has left the patient feeling helpless, and he has been visited by a psychiatrist, a counseling psychologist, and a social worker in early Feb 2023. He is currently still taking alprazolam, but his emotional state is stable.
The patient’s HbA1c has shown a slow decline trend, blood sugar readings were 145 to 164 mg/dL on 2/22 and 2/23, there is still room for improvement.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
2024-04-24 - …………………………….. irinotecan 120mg/m2 240mg D5W 250mL 90min (Y-sited Covorin) + leucovorin 400mg/m2 600mg NS 250mL 90min (Y-sited Irino) + fluorouracil 400mg/m2 600mg NS 100mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4800mg NS 500mL (FOLFIRI)
2024-04-08 - bevacizumab 5mg/kg 500mg NS 100mL + irinotecan 120mg/m2 240mg D5W 250mL 90min (Y-sited Covorin) + leucovorin 400mg/m2 800mg NS 250mL 90min (Y-sited Irino) + fluorouracil 400mg/m2 800mg NS 100mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4800mg NS 500mL (Avastin + FOLFIRI)
2023-07-11 - (Avastin + FOLFIRI)
2023-06-27 - (Avastin + FOLFIRI)
2023-06-13 - (Avastin + FOLFIRI)
2023-05-30 - (Avastin + FOLFIRI)
2023-01-10 - (FOLFOX)
2022-12-27 - (FOLFOX)
2022-12-13 - (FOLFOX)
2022-11-29 - (FOLFOX)
2022-11-15 - (FOLFOX)
2022-11-01 - (FOLFOX)
2022-08-09 - (FOLFOX)
2022-07-26 - (FOLFOX)
2022-07-12 - (FOLFOX)
2022-06-28 - (FOLFOX)
2022-06-15 - (FOLFOX)
[reduced chemotherapy dosage following adverse effects; clinical observations following dose adjustment]
Imaging this year confirmed the presence of lung lesions, and FOLFIRI therapy was reintroduced on 2024-04-08. Subsequent assessments indicate that the patient’s tumor markers, CEA and CA199, as well as liver enzymes ALT and AST, are decreasing, suggesting an improvement in the patient’s condition.
Due to abdominal pain and hiccups experienced after the last chemotherapy session, Avastin has been withheld, and the bolus dose of 5-FU has been reduced to 300 mg/m^2 from the standard 400 mg/m^2. The resolution of symptoms remains under observation, and no discrepancies in medication have been found.
2024-04-24 ALT 42 U/L
2024-04-19 ALT 88 U/L
2024-04-24 AST 23 U/L
2024-04-17 AST 57 U/L
2024-04-17 CEA 15.80 ng/mL
2024-04-08 CEA 25.63 ng/mL
2024-04-17 CA199 44.24 U/mL
2024-04-08 CA199 62.23 U/mL
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[considerations for prescribing oral MgO post-discharge]
According to HIS5 lab results, this patient has consistently experienced hypomagnesemia. Although MgSO4 injections were administered during hospitalization, oral MgO may be considered for discharge prescriptions and outpatient care if there are no contraindications.
{colon cancer - mucinous adenocarcinoma}
[lab data]
2020-09-30 NRAS/KRAS detected
2020-09-30 KRAS 12/13 Not detected
2020-09-30 BRAF Not detected
2020-08-28 HBsAg (NM) Negative
2020-08-28 HBsAg Value (NM) 0.365
2020-08-28 Anti-HBs (NM) Negative
2020-08-28 Anti-HBs value (NM) <2.00
2020-08-28 Anti-HBc (NM) Negative
2020-08-28 Anti-HBc Value (NM) 2.15
2020-08-28 Anti-HCV (NM) Negative
2020-08-28 Anti-HCV Value (NM) 0.0382
2020-08-28 HBsAg (NM) Negative
2020-08-28 HBsAg Value (NM) 0.365
2020-08-28 Anti-HBs (NM) Negative
2020-08-28 Anti-HBs value (NM) <2.00
2020-08-28 Anti-HBc (NM) Negative
2020-08-28 Anti-HBc Value (NM) 2.15
2020-08-28 Anti-HCV (NM) Negative
2020-08-28 Anti-HCV Value (NM) 0.0382
[exam findings]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
2024-04-23 - ramucirumab 8mg/kg 500mg NS 250mL 1hr + irinotecan 120mg/m2 200mg D5W 250mL 1.5hr + leucovorin 400mg/m2 700mg NS 250mL 2hr …………………………………….. + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4200mg NS 500mL 46hr (Cyramza + FOLFIRI. Due to WBC 2700, ANC 1582, DC bolus 5-FU this time)
2024-04-08 - ramucirumab 8mg/kg 500mg NS 250mL 1hr + irinotecan 120mg/m2 200mg D5W 250mL 1.5hr + leucovorin 400mg/m2 700mg NS 250mL 2hr …………………………………….. + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4200mg NS 500mL 46hr (Cyramza + FOLFIRI. Due to WBC 2700, ANC 1582, DC bolus 5-FU this time)
2024-03-25 - ramucirumab 8mg/kg 500mg NS 250mL 1hr + irinotecan 120mg/m2 200mg D5W 250mL 1.5hr + leucovorin 400mg/m2 700mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 400mg/m2 700mg NS 100mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4200mg NS 500mL 46hr (Cyramza + FOLFIRI)
2024-03-07 - ramucirumab 8mg/kg 500mg NS 250mL 1hr + irinotecan 120mg/m2 200mg D5W 250mL 1.5hr + leucovorin 400mg/m2 700mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 400mg/m2 700mg NS 100mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4200mg NS 500mL 46hr (Cyramza + FOLFIRI)
2024-02-15 - ………………………………… irinotecan 120mg/m2 200mg D5W 250mL 1.5hr + leucovorin 400mg/m2 700mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 400mg/m2 700mg NS 100mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4200mg NS 500mL 46hr (Cyramza + FOLFIRI)
2023-12-20 - Mitonco (mitomycin-C) 35mg/m2 60mg NS 100mL 90min IP
2023-10-17 - (Avastin + FOLFOX)
2023-09-26 - (Avastin + FOLFOX)
2023-09-12 - (Avastin + FOLFOX)
2023-08-29 - (Avastin + FOLFOX)
2023-08-15 - (Avastin + FOLFOX)
2023-08-02 - (Avastin + FOLFOX)
2023-07-18 - (Avastin + FOLFOX)
2023-07-04 - (Avastin + FOLFOX)
2023-06-21 - (Avastin + FOLFOX)
2023-06-06 - (Avastin + FOLFOX)
2023-05-23 - (Avastin + FOLFOX)
2023-05-09 - (Avastin + FOLFOX)
2023-04-25 - (Avastin + FOLFOX)
2023-04-07 - (Avastin + FOLFOX)
2023-03-21 - bevacizumab 5mg/kg 400mg NS 100mL 90min + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 150mg D5W 250mL 2hr + leucovorin 300mg/m2 550mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 300mg/m2 550mg NS 100mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4400mg NS 500mL 46hr (Avastin + FOLFOX)
2023-03-07 - bevacizumab 5mg/kg 400mg NS 100mL 90min + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 150mg D5W 250mL 2hr + leucovorin 300mg/m2 550mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 300mg/m2 550mg NS 100mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4300mg NS 500mL 46hr (Avastin + FOLFOX)
2023-02-20 - bevacizumab 5mg/kg 400mg NS 100mL 90min + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 150mg D5W 250mL 2hr + leucovorin 300mg/m2 550mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 300mg/m2 550mg NS 100mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4300mg NS 500mL 46hr (Avastin + FOLFOX)
2023-01-30 - bevacizumab 5mg/kg 400mg NS 100mL 90min + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 150mg D5W 250mL 2hr + leucovorin 300mg/m2 550mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 300mg/m2 550mg NS 100mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4300mg NS 500mL 46hr (Avastin + FOLFOX)
2022-12-26 - bevacizumab 5mg/kg 400mg NS 100mL 90min + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 150mg D5W 250mL 2hr + leucovorin 300mg/m2 550mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 300mg/m2 550mg NS 100mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4300mg NS 500mL 46hr (Avastin + FOLFOX)
2021-03-30 - ………………………………….. irinotecan 150mg/m2 270mg D5W 250mL 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 700mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 400mg/m2 700mg NS 100mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4300mg NS 500mL 46hr (_______ + FOLFIRI)
2021-03-16 - ………………………………….. irinotecan 150mg/m2 260mg D5W 250mL 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 700mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 400mg/m2 700mg NS 100mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4200mg NS 500mL 46hr (_______ + FOLFIRI)
2021-03-02 - bevacizumab 5mg/kg 400mg NS 100mL 90min + irinotecan 150mg/m2 260mg D5W 250mL 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 700mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 400mg/m2 700mg NS 100mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4200mg NS 500mL 46hr (Avastin + FOLFIRI)
2021-02-17
2021-01-26
2021-01-12
2020-12-30
2020-12-15
2020-11-27
2020-11-10
2020-10-27
2020-10-13
2020-09-23
[CEA and CA199 trends support continued treatment]
Decreasing levels of the tumor markers CEA and CA199 have been observed.
Lab results from 2024-04-22 were grossly within normal limits, indicating no evidence of contraindications for proceeding with chemotherapy.
2024-04-22 CEA 362.09 ng/mL
2024-03-26 CEA 456.30 ng/mL
2024-04-22 CA199 96.31 U/mL
2024-03-26 CA199 117.22 U/mL
Pathology results from the extensive resection of a soft tissue tumor on 2023-12-21 confirmed recurrent mucinous adenocarcinoma. A subsequent abdominal CT scan on 2024-01-19 suggested metastasis. Due to these findings, the treatment regimen was changed to Cyramza + FOLFIRI, initiated on 2024-02-15. Encouragingly, both CEA and CA199 tumor markers have shown a continuous decline since starting the new regimen, suggesting its effectiveness.
2024-03-26 CEA 456.30 ng/mL
2024-03-19 CEA 594.94 ng/mL
2024-02-26 CEA 942.43 ng/mL
2024-03-26 CA199 117.22 U/mL
2024-03-19 CA199 141.97 U/mL
2024-02-26 CA199 182.41 U/mL
However, while the bolus dose of 5-FU was omitted this time due to an ANC of 1582, please continue to monitor for any signs of infection.
Between 2020-09 and 2021-03, the patient received bevacizumab + FOLFIRI, and her CEA levels remained within the normal range. After completing the FOLFIRI treatment, the CEA levels began to rise slowly, but no imaging evidence was found until a CT scan on 2022-12-22, which revealed soft tissues in the peritoneal cavity suspected to be tumor seeding. A new regimen of bevacizumab + FOLFOX was initiated on 2022-12-26, and a subsequent decrease in CEA levels was observed, suggesting the effectiveness of the new treatment.
No medication reconciliation issue was identified in the patient.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[hormone receptor positive breast cancer and potential lung mets]
The patient has been diagnosed with a non-special type invasive carcinoma in the right breast, showing positive hormone receptors for both ER and PR through immunohistochemistry, and negative for HER2.
Recent CT scans have identified a suspected primary lung cancer or mets in the left lower lobe, with enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes that might also represent metastatic involvement. A lung biopsy consultation has been arranged.
Lab results as of 2024-04-21 were largely within normal ranges, and a review of the HIS5 and PharmaCloud databases has revealed no discrepancies in medication management to date.
[lab data]
[exam findings]
[immunochemotherapy]
[initial experiences with reduced-dose Stivarga in clinical setting]
The patient has been undergoing treatment with Stivarga (regorafenib) for metastatic colorectal cancer since 2024-04-18, following a conservative initial dosing strategy of 80 mg daily.
On 2024-04-21, the patient’s lab serum glucose level was recorded at 306 mg/dL. Subsequent measurements taken from the TPR panel on 2024-04-22 morning indicated glucose levels between 131 and 148 mg/dL, suggesting that glucose levels are currently managed.
No discrepancies have been identified in the patient’s medication regimen as per the latest reviews.
Pathology performed in late August 2022 revealed the disease to be characterized by pMMR, EGFR(+), KRAS codon 12 mutations, without BRAF mutations.
The blood pressure appears to be under control (with bisoprolol and nicorandil); however, the blood sugar appears to be a little higher (with metformin and vildagliptin). The addition of a hypoglycemic agent is not urgently required yet.
[exam findings]
2024-03-26 Anoscopy
2024-03-11, -03-06 KUB
2024-03-11 CXR erect
2024-03-11 2D transthoracic echocardiography
2024-03-06 All-RAS + BRAF mutation
2024-02-26 Patho - urinary bladder TUR
2024-02-07 CT - abdomen
2024-02-06 Patho - urinary bladder biopsy
2024-02-06 Cystoscopy
2024-02-01 SONO - nephrology
2023-12-03 SONO - gynecology
2023-08-19 CT - abdomen
2023-05-11 CT - abdomen
….-..-..
2022-06-10 Patho - colon segmental resection for tumor
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[immunochemotherapy]
[liver function abnormalities - FOLFOX dose reduction - consider liver mets]
This patient has exhibited significantly elevated AST and bilirubin levels, with slightly elevated ALT but normal direct to total bilirubin ratios.
It is possible that liver mets are the primary cause of these abnormalities.
FOLFOX is generally not considered heavily hepatotoxic as the metabolism of oxaliplatin is nonenzymatic, occurring rapidly and extensively. And for fluorouracil, the manufacturer’s labeling does not suggest dosage adjustments for severe impairment, it has been recommended not to use under these conditions (“Lancet Oncol. 2019;20(4):e200-e207” and “Semin Oncol. 2006;33(1):50-67”).
The dose of FOLFOX was further reduced to 80% at the last administration on 2024-04-19.
2024-04-22 ALT 51 U/L
2024-04-22 AST 398 U/L
2024-04-19 AST 328 U/L
2024-04-17 AST 313 U/L
2024-04-15 AST 349 U/L
2024-04-11 AST 333 U/L
2024-04-08 AST 330 U/L
2024-04-02 AST 321 U/L
2024-04-01 AST 313 U/L
2024-04-22 Bilirubin total 1.56 mg/dL
2024-04-19 Bilirubin total 1.77 mg/dL
2024-04-17 Bilirubin total 1.76 mg/dL
2024-04-15 Bilirubin total 1.51 mg/dL
2024-04-11 Bilirubin total 1.38 mg/dL
2024-04-08 Bilirubin total 1.03 mg/dL
2024-04-02 Bilirubin total 1.43 mg/dL
2024-04-01 Bilirubin total 1.07 mg/dL
2024-04-22 Bilirubin direct 0.81 mg/dL
2024-04-19 Bilirubin direct 0.93 mg/dL
2024-04-17 Bilirubin direct 0.95 mg/dL
2024-04-15 Bilirubin direct 0.75 mg/dL
2024-04-11 Bilirubin direct 0.71 mg/dL
2024-04-08 Bilirubin direct 0.49 mg/dL
2024-04-02 Bilirubin direct 0.83 mg/dL
2024-04-01 Bilirubin direct 0.56 mg/dL
[medication regimen addressing fever, bilirubin levels, and low albumin]
Sintrix (ceftriaxone) is being administered for fever and chills, while Uliden (ursodeoxycholic acid) and BaoGan (silymarin) are addressing elevated direct bilirubin (DBI/TBI 52%) and AST levels (321 U/L). Albumin supplementation is in place for hypoalbuminemia, with levels at 3.0g/dL. A review of the medication regimen shows no discrepancies.
[evaluating liver function in the context of metastatic disease]
A CT scan conducted on 2024-02-07 revealed multiple liver metastases indicative of progressive disease. Consequently, the treatment regimen was transitioned to FOLFOX from Avastin + FOLFIRI, the latter having been administered since the third quarter of 2022.
Abnormal LFT results may reflect the metastatic burden. Both Baraclude and GaoGan are currently being administered, with no discrepancies found in the medication regimen.
[exam findings]
[chemotherapy]
[MedRec]
[immunochemotherapy]
2024-04-19 - Alimta (pemetrexed) 700mg NS 100mL 10min + Opdivo (nivolumab) 100mg NS 100mL 1hr
2024-04-18 - Cyranza (ramucirumab) 400mg NS 250mL 90min
2024-03-16 - Alimta (pemetrexed) 700mg NS 100mL 10min + Opdivo (nivolumab) 100mg NS 100mL 1hr D3
2024-03-15 - Cyranza (ramucirumab) 400mg NS 250mL 90min
2024-01-26 - Alimta (pemetrexed) 700mg NS 100mL 10min + Opdivo (nivolumab) 100mg NS 100mL 1hr
2024-01-25 - Cyranza (ramucirumab) 400mg NS 250mL 90min
2023-12-13 - Alimta (pemetrexed) 700mg NS 100mL 10min + Opdivo (nivolumab) 100mg NS 100mL 1hr D2
2023-12-12 - Cyranza (ramucirumab) 400mg NS 250mL 90min
2023-11-08 - Alimta (pemetrexed) 700mg NS 100mL 10min + Opdivo (nivolumab) 100mg NS 100mL 1hr D2
2023-11-07 - Cyranza (ramucirumab) 400mg NS 250mL 90min
….-..-..
2020-02-04 - Alimta (pemetrexed) 700mg NS 100mL 10min + Opdivo (nivolumab) 100mg NS 100mL 1hr D2
2020-02-03 - Cyranza (ramucirumab) 400mg NS 250mL 90min
[tracking HGB levels post immunochemotherapy]
This patient has been on a treatment regimen including ramucirumab (400mg), pemetrexed (700mg), and nivolumab (100mg) since 2020-02-03. Starting around Jul/Aug 2023, a noticeable decrease in HGB levels was observed, dropping below 10 g/dL.
There is no clear evidence to determine whether the long-term use of these medications or other factors (such as a brief period on Navelbine (vinorelbine) also in Jul/Aug 2023) caused the decline.
Notably, the drugs have varying incidences of anemia: ramucirumab at 4%, pemetrexed between 15%-19% (grades 3/4 3%-5%), and nivolumab between 19%-41% (grades 3/4 <= 3%). Nivolumab has also been linked to rare cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) (Ref: JAMA Oncol. 2016;2(10):1346-1353. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.1051).
To manage this anemia, LPRBC transfusions have been effectively used (on 2024-04-18, 2024-01-25, 2023-11-06).
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[pericardiotomy and chest tube insertion for effusion]
This patient was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma and bone metastases in mid-2023 and has been treated with Giotrif (afatinib) since the diagnosis.
Today (2024-04-18), he underwent a pericardiotomy and had a right chest tube placed to alleviate pericardial effusion. Currently, his vital signs and blood glucose levels are stable, and no discrepancies in medication have been noted.”
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
2024-04-18 Radiation Oncology
2024-03-28 Nephrology
2024-03-01 Ear Nose Throat
2024-02-27
[chemotherapy]
Treatment protocols for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck - 2024-03-11 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-protocols-for-squamous-cell-carcinoma-of-the-head-and-neck
[mitigating creatinine spikes in TPF therapy with KCl and MgSO4]
In late Mar 2024, KCl and MgSO4 supplements were introduced while the patient was undergoing the TPF regimen. Subsequently, there has been no observed trend of increased serum creatinine levels; in fact, there has been a somewhat decrease in these levels.
[neutropenia & kidney labs up after chemo, monitor closely for cycle 2]
The patient developed neutropenia, along with elevated SCr and BUN levels, following the 1st cycle of docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil chemotherapy.
The second cycle was nonetheless initiated on 2024-03-26. Close monitoring of these blood values is recommended.
[TPFL & leukopenia - G-CSF resolved]
TPFL was administered on 2024-02-29, and the WBC nadir was observed on 2024-03-09. The timing suggests that the leukopenia was likely caused by chemotherapy. Granocyte (lenograstim 500mg SC) was administered on 2024-03-09, and leukopenia has not been observed since.
[exam findings] (not complted)
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[switching from Atozet to separate forms for tube administration]
The combination medication “Atozet (ezetimibe 10mg, atorvastatin 20mg” should not be crushed according to the manufacturer’s instructions and is unsuitable for tube feeding.
Alternatively, our hospital stocks separate formulations of “Ezetrol (ezetimibe 10mg)” and “Atotin (atorvastatin 20mg)”, which can be crushed and administered via tube feeding if necessary.
Blood sugar and pain levels are currently under control, and no discrepancies in medication have been identified.
[exam findings]
{Prostate cancer, pT3bN1cM0, s/p RARP on 2015-06-30, s/p adjuvant radiotherapy on 2015-09-25 and hormone therapy with refractory, progression of metastatic paraaortic lymph nodes and bone metastases, T0N0M1a, stage IV}
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
certain medication
[stable PSA levels post-docetaxel therapy; managing HBV reactivation and neutropenia effectively]
Since initiating docetaxel treatment on 2023-09-28 after a six-month interval, there appears to be no trend of PSA doubling as of late December 2023, suggesting a stable response to the therapy.
Lab tests on 2024-04-10 were largely normal. The patient continues to take Baraclude (entecavir) and Granocyte (lenograstim) is used as a preventive measure against HBV reactivation and neutropenia, similar to previous protocols, with no discrepancies in medication identified.
2023-01-04 lab data were generally normal, except for a slight decrease in WBC and HGB levels. The vital signs of the patient are stable during this hospitalization.
All underlying conditions, including HBV, hypothyroidism, and insomnia, are managed with appropriate medication.
assessment
suggestion
assessment
suggestion
[past history]
[family history]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[note: R-COP, R-mini-CHOP, R-CHOP21, EPOCH-R, daEPOCH]
R-CVP 2023-05-19 https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/r-cvp
Initial treatment of advanced stage diffuse large B cell lymphoma 2023-05-19 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/initial-treatment-of-advanced-stage-diffuse-large-b-cell-lymphoma
R-mini-CHOP - SPECIAL SCENARIOS - Older adults
Pretreatment evaluation
R-mini-CHOP Treatment
A pre-treatment phase of a systemic steroid, with or without rituximab, may improve the patient’s performance status (PS) and facilitate treatment with R-mini-CHOP.
Frail patients who require symptom palliation but cannot tolerate R-mini-CHOP may benefit from a systemic steroid (with or without rituximab) or single chemotherapeutic agents.
Rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP21) for non-Hodgkin lymphoma 2023-05-19 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?topicKey=HEME%2F4729&imageKey=ONC%2F63586
Cycle length: 21 days.
Regimen
Infusional etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and rituximab (EPOCH-R) for non-Hodgkin lymphoma 2023-05-19 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?topicKey=HEME%2F4729&imageKey=ONC%2F88411
Cycle length: 21 days.
Regimen
Chemotherapy regimens for non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Dose-adjusted etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin (daEPOCH) 2023-05-19 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?topicKey=ONC%2F85686&imageKey=ONC%2F105216
[reintroduction of R-COP for recurrent DLBCL, monitoring PLT trends]
R-COP was reintroduced today for the patient with pathologically confirmed recurrent DLBCL.
Historical records indicate leukopenia developed only after several treatment cycles, while hemoglobin levels remained stable between 9 and 11 g/dL, and platelet counts were within the normal range, although showing a gradual declining trend, currently below 200K/uL.
During this hospitalization, vital signs and serum glucose levels have been stable, with no medication discrepancies identified.
The patient’s current active medication list correctly reflects the refillable prescriptions provided by our gastroenterologist and endocrinologist. These medications include Spasmotin (hyoscyamine), Strocain (oxethazaine), Alpraline (alprazolam), MgO from the gastroenterologist, and Crestor (rosuvastatin), Galvus Met (vildagliptin, metformin), Norvasc (amlodipine), Relinide (repaglinide), Uformin (metformin), Tresiba FlexTouch (insulin degludec), and dipyridamole from the endocrinologist. As such, there are no identified medication reconciliation issues at this time.
Hyoscyamine, a tropane alkaloid and the levo-isomer of atropine, is often employed to manage acute episodes of gastric secretion, visceral spasm, hypermotility in spastic colitis, pylorospasm, and associated abdominal cramps. Additionally, it can serve as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of peptic ulcers. However, considering the patient’s constipation (in the clinical problem list), and the fact that metoclopramide is concomitantly prescribed to mitigate potential nausea and vomiting effects caused by the R-COP regimen, it might be advisable to temporarily withhold hyoscyamine during the chemoimmunotherapy sessions.
The HbA1c level, which reflects the average blood glucose level over the past two to three months, has reached a record high of 8.1%. This suggests that the patient’s current diabetes management plan may not be effectively controlling her blood sugar levels.
Despite the patient’s current use of antidiabetic agents Galvus Met (vildagliptin, metformin), Relinide (repaglinide), Uformin (metformin), and Tresiba FlexTouch (insulin degludec), recent blood glucose readings have exceeded 200mg/dL (187mg/dL at 17:03 2023-05-09, 204mg/dL 20:25 2023-05-09 and 202mg/dL at 06:13 2023-05-10). This suggests that the patient’s glycemic control is currently suboptimal. An adjustment to the patient’s insulin regimen may be needed. It is recommended that the dose of insulin degludec be increased to 7 or 8 units, with close monitoring of the patient’s blood glucose levels. This adjustment should be particularly considered during periods when the patient is receiving steroids (as part of the R-COP regimen).
Due to the patient’s senior age, R-COP was selected over R-CHOP as the regimen. The patient is currently admitted for the second cycle of this chemoimmunotherapy.
According to the available data from the past 6 months, there have been no instances of leukopenia or thrombocytopenia observed. However, there has been a slight presence of anemia during this time period, which is unlikely to be caused by the R-COP regimen since it was present even before the start of treatment.
Please ensure that the patient is adequately hydrated and monitor her BUN readings, which have been trending upward, while serum creatinine remains normal.
This patient has a history of diabetes, and despite taking Uformin (metformin 500mg) 1# BID, Galvus Met (vildagliptin 50mg + metformin 500mg) 1# BID, and Relinide (repaglinide 1mg) total 2# daily (the daily dose of metformin has already reached 2g and should not be increased further), her blood sugar levels range from 284 to 301mg/dL. R-COP chemotherapy regimen includes high doses of prednisolone, which can contribute to hyperglycemia. Similar to the management of type 2 diabetes, stepwise intensification of antihyperglycemic therapy and frequent re-evaluation should be considered in cases of steroid-induced hyperglycemia. ref: A Practical Guide for the Management of Steroid Induced Hyperglycaemia in the Hospital. J Clin Med. 2021;10(10):2154. Published 2021 May 16. doi:10.3390/jcm10102154
The addition of a rapid-acting insulin (RI) may be beneficial for controlling hyperglycemia in this patient. However, careful monitoring of blood glucose levels and titration of insulin dose are necessary to prevent hypoglycemia. It is also important to continue evaluating and adjusting the patient’s antihyperglycemic therapy as needed.
This patient is diagnosed with high grade DLBCL (2023-01-30 patho IHC (not FISH): MYC + 30-40%, BCL2 + 90%, BCL6 + 90%; triple hit)
International Prognostic Index = 3 => Risk Group: High-intermediate, 5-yr OS 43% (ref: UpToDate)
Considering the patient is elderly, R-CHOP might be an alternative to R-DA-EPOCH. It might be necessary to perform a cardiac ultrasound prior to the treatment in order to establish a baseline. A lumbar puncture may be necessary if the CNS is involved.
(not posted)
Because chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression can potentially lead to HBV reactivation, which can result in discontinuation of cancer treatment, fulminant hepatitis, liver failure, and even death, proactive measures should be taken. The patient’s lab data from 2023-02-08 shows anti-HBc reactivity and an anti-HBc level of 5.18 S/CO. As a preventive measure, it is recommended that the patient be prescribed either Baraclude (entecavir 0.5 mg) 1# QDAC or Vemlidy (tenofovir alafenamide 25 mg) 1# QD.
[drug identification]
[lab data]
2024-03-05 CD45+Total leukocyte 370410 /uL
2024-03-05 %CD34+ 2.09 %
2024-03-05 CD34+ Count 7748 /uL
2024-03-05 CD45+Total leukocyte 63591 /uL
2024-03-05 %CD34+ 0.26 %
2024-03-05 CD34+ Count 164 /uL
2024-03-04 CD45+Total leukocyte 274765 /uL
2024-03-04 %CD34+ 4.10 %
2024-03-04 CD34+ Count 11270 /uL
2024-03-04 CD45+Total leukocyte 31784 /uL
2024-03-04 %CD34+ 0.70 %
2024-03-04 CD34+ Count 223 /uL
2024-03-01 CD45+Total leukocyte 800 /uL
2024-03-01 %CD34+ 0.25 %
2024-03-01 CD34+ Count 2 /uL
2024-02-22 CMV_IgG Reactive
2024-02-22 CMV_IgG Value 83.3 AU/mL
2024-02-22 CMV IgM Nonreactive
2024-02-22 CMV IgM Value 0.09 Index
2024-02-22 Anti HTLV I/II Nonreactive
2024-02-22 Anti HTLV I/II Value 0.09 S/CO
2024-02-22 HIV Ab-EIA Nonreactive
2024-02-22 Anti-HIV Value 0.06 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
2024-04-02 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.14mg SC 1min (VTd)
2024-03-27 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.14mg SC 1min (VTd)
2024-02-22 - Endoxan (cyclophosphamide) 3000mg/m2 4750mg NS 500mL (before PBSC stem cell collection)
2024-02-06 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.14mg SC 1min (VTd)
2024-01-30 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.14mg SC 1min (VTd)
2024-01-23 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.14mg SC 1min (VTd)
2024-01-16 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.14mg SC 1min (VTd)
2024-01-10 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.14mg SC 1min (VTd)
2023-12-19 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.14mg SC 1min (VTd)
2023-12-12 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.14mg SC 1min (VTd)
2023-12-05 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.14mg SC 1min (VTd)
2023-11-28 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.14mg SC 1min (VTd)
2023-11-21 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.14mg SC 1min (VTd)
2023-11-14 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.14mg SC 1min (VTd)
2023-11-07 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.14mg SC 1min (VTd)
2023-10-31 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.14mg SC 1min (VTd)
2023-10-24 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.14mg SC 1min (VTd)
2023-10-18 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.14mg SC 1min (VTd)
2023-10-11 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.14mg SC 1min (VTd)
2023-10-04 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.14mg SC 1min (VTd)
2023-09-26 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.14mg SC 1min (VTd)
2023-09-19 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.14mg SC 1min (VTd)
2023-09-12 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.14mg SC 1min (VTd)
2023-09-05 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.14mg SC 1min (VTd)
Bortezomib (Velcade), thalidomide (Thalomid), and dexamethasone (VTd) induction therapy for initial treatment of patients with multiple myeloma - 2024-02-19 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=ONC%2F101205
Cycle length: 28 days.
Regimen
Multiple Myeloma - VTD (IV-28)-Bortezomib (IV)-Dexamethasone-Thalidomide (28 day) - 2024-02-19 - https://www.uhs.nhs.uk/Media/UHS-website-2019/Docs/Chemotherapy-SOPs1/Myeloma/MyelomaVTDBortezomibIVDexamethasoneThalidomideVer1.pdf
28 day cycle for up to 6 cycles
Cycle 1
Cycle 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
VTD - Bortezomib, Thalidomide & Dexamethasone - Multiple Myeloma - 2024-02-19 - https://www.clatterbridgecc.nhs.uk/application/files/3415/9679/5924/VTD__Bortezomib_Thalidomide__Dexamethasone_Multiple_Myeloma_Protocol_V1.0.pdf
[pre-transplant meeting scheduled for patient and family]
The patient is scheduled for an autologous stem cell transplant. A pre-transplant meeting, led by the attending physician Dr Gao, on 2024-04-10 at 10:00 in the ward’s conference room, with the patient’s wife, son and daughter attending. The importance and risks of the transplant, along with precautions during the process, were thoroughly discussed.
Concerns were raised about the family minimum caregiving time required, considering the children’s education and the spouse’s employment.
At the meeting’s conclusion, the patient consented to the transplant.
Post-meeting, I emphasized the importance of infection prevention, with the family expressing understanding and willingness to cooperate.
With the transplant process approaching, thalidomide is discontinued, and the chemotherapy preparation team has been informed to ensure the safety of the medication used in the conditioning regimen.
Since Sep 2023, IgG levels have returned to the normal range. The patient admitted this time for peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection. Lab findings from 2024-02-06 were largely within normal limits. Medication not found to be missing.
[Aminosteril N-Hepa 8% Solution for Infusion]
“Aminosteril N-Hepa 8%, 500mL/bottle” is recommended to be administered at a rate of 1.3 to 1.5 mL/kg body weight per hour, equating to approximately 30 to 35 drops per minute for someone weighing 70 kg.
On 2024-04-09, the patient weighed 86.3 kg, suggesting a rate of 112 to 130 mL per hour or 37 to 43 drops per minute. However, it is advisable not to exceed 100 mL per hour or 30 drops per minute.
[diagnosis] - 20221220 admission note
[exam findings]
[surgical operation]
[chemoimmunotherapy]
Rituximab (intravenous) including biosimilars - 2024-04-09 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/rituximab-intravenous-including-biosimilars-drug-information
The patient was found to have mild microcytic anemia and hypomagnesemia.
MgSO4 is currently being administered, and iron supplementation might be added to address the anemia.
This patient has only visited our hospital in the past three months, mainly attending the hemato-oncology department, followed by the metabolism and endocrinology department. The former is for the treatment of follicular lymphoma, while the latter is for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The Uformin (metformin 500mg) 1# BID and Januvia (sitagliptin 100mg) 1# QD prescribed on 2023-05-12 by the metabolism and endocrinology department have been listed as patient-carried items in the active medication list. No medication reconciliation issues have been identified.
The last CT is dated on 2023-04-12, now in the beginning of July, a new CT scan could be considered to be arranged.
2023-01-10 lab data showed HGB 10.5g/dL, MCV 69.4fL, MCH 20.8pg, MCHC 30.0g/dL. These readings were all below their normal ranges.
Assessment based on the above lab items:
Recommendation:
[lab data]
2024-03-06 HLA A-high 02:03
2024-03-06 HLA A-high 33:03
2024-03-06 HLA B-high 51:01
2024-03-06 HLA B-high 58:01
2024-03-06 HLA C-high 03:02
2024-03-06 HLA C-high 14:02
2024-03-06 HLA DR-high 11:06
2024-03-06 HLA DR-high 13:02
2024-03-06 HLA DQ-high 03:01
2024-03-06 HLA DQ-high 06:09
2024-02-22 HBsAg Nonreactive
2024-02-22 HBsAg Value 0.50 S/CO
2024-02-22 Anti-HBc Nonreactive
2024-02-22 Anti-HBc Value 0.35 S/CO
2024-02-22 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2024-02-22 Anti-HCV Value 0.06 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[bedside visit: patient reports improvement in leg swelling and redness]
I visited this patient around 13:40 today, who reported feeling an improvement in the redness and swelling of her legs. She relayed what our dermatologist had said, mentioning that the swollen areas would crust over. However, the patient expressed suspect about the extensive crusting, likening it to her legs undergoing a skin replacement.
The patient had no issues with other medications but remained curious about whether a specific drug could be causing these symptoms.
[ciprofloxacin: short use followed by knee pain & treatment change]
Ciprofloxacin may cause tendinopathy or rupture of tendon; Achilles is most commonly cited, but inflammation/rupture of many other tendons (including hand, rotator cuff, biceps, and thumb) has been reported.
In addition, arthropathy, or joint disease, has been observed in both animal and pediatric human studies following treatment with fluoroquinolone antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin. In an international, multicenter, randomized trial of ~700 pediatric patients (ciprofloxacin versus comparator), more patients in the ciprofloxacin group experienced musculoskeletal events both within 6 weeks and 1 year of follow-up. Arthropathy and arthralgias appear to resolve after discontinuation of treatment with no long-term sequelae. Though the true incidence is unknown, arthropathy and arthralgia are considered to be infrequent, but potentially serious adverse reactions.
Cinolone (ciprofloxacin) was used from 2024-03-07 to 2024-03-09.
On 2024-03-08, the patient reported right knee swelling, pain, and localized heat. After antibiotic therapy with ciprofloxacin. Progression of these symptoms (right knee swelling, pain, and localized heat) was observed.
On 2024-03-09, the cinolone was discontinued. Our dermatologist recommended a regimen consisting of doxycycline, prednisolone, and Topsym Cream (fluocinonide) to address these symptoms.
[bedsite visit]
Upon arrival at 11:30 on 2024-03-11, the patient had just returned to the ward from the dermatology OPD.
I saw the patient had tenderness and swelling near her right knee. There are about five red bumps, each about the size of a coin, near the right knee skin. There is also a slightly red area on her left calf skin, about 7 x 15 cm in size.
I advised her to apply the medications prescribed by our dermatologist and monitor for symptom improvement. If symptoms persist or worsen in these 2 days, further evaluation will be necessary.
[derm suspects erythematous induratum (EI) - workup for underlying cause - evaluation for tuberculosis]
During a visit to dermatology earlier today (2024-03-11), the patient was suspected to have erythematous induratum (EI).
EI is an uncommon form of panniculitis that may occur in association with tuberculosis (most common), other diseases or drugs, or as an idiopathic condition. EI is regarded as an immune-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. EI most frequently occurs in adult females. The most common clinical presentation of EI is single or multiple erythematous nodules on the posterior or lateral lower legs. Thigh and upper extremity involvement occurs occasionally. Truncal, facial, or disseminated EI is rare. Ulceration of nodules is common.
The diagnosis of EI is made based upon the presence of consistent clinical and histologic findings. Skin biopsies demonstrate a predominantly lobular panniculitis with a mixed and granulomatous inflammatory infiltrate with vasculitis. Multiple sections or multiple specimens may be required to identify vasculitis. Given the strong association of EI with tuberculosis, all patients with EI should be evaluated for tuberculosis. (Ref: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/erythema-induratum-nodular-vasculitis)
First-line treatment for nonidiopathic EI is treatment of the underlying associated disease. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, rest, elevation, and compression may aid with symptomatic improvement. When an underlying disease cannot be identified and treated, treatment may be challenging. Data on therapeutic options are limited. It is suggested a trial of oral potassium iodide for these patients (Grade 2C). Other treatments that may be beneficial include systemic glucocorticoids, clofazimine, colchicine, gold salts, and mycophenolate mofetil. Additional immunosuppression may not be optimal for this patients undergoing chemotherapy.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
[chemo-related anemia (likely docetaxel/carboplatin) - transfusion given, monitor Hgb for repeat]
The patient received docetaxel, carboplatin, leucovorin, and fluorouracil chemotherapy on 2024-03-26. One week later, on 2024-04-02, grade 3 anemia was identified.
Docetaxel and carboplatin are both known to cause anemia. The incidence of grade 3/4 anemia with docetaxel is reported to be 8% to 9%, while the incidence with carboplatin is reported to range from 21% to 90%.
Given the anemia, a transfusion of LPRBC was appropriately initiated on 2024-04-02. It is recommended to continue monitoring Hgb levels to determine if further transfusions are necessary.
!!! make this fluent:
This patient received docetaxel + carboplatin + leucovorin + fluorouracil on 2024-03-26 and after 1 week 2024-04-02 grade 3 anemia was observed.
Anemia is likely to be associated with docetaxel and carboplatin, for the instance of the former is 65% to 97% (grades 3/4: 8% to 9%) and instance of the latter 21% to 90%.
LPRBC transfusion is indicated for this condition and has been conducted since 2024-04-02. Please keep follow up the HGB reading to decide if more transfusion is needed.
{Recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma with lung metastasis, rycT3N0M1, stage IVB}
[diagnosis] - 2022-11-19 admission note
[past history] - 2022-11-19 admission note
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[embolization]
[chemoimmunotherapy]
[note]
Chemotherapy for advanced or metastatic disease treatment regimen listed in in-hospital “Revised Edition of Chemotherapy Prescription Collection for Liver Cancer” version 2022-03-01
Principles of Systemic Therapy - NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology - Hepatocellular Carcinoma - Version 1.2023 - 2023-03-10 - HCC-G 1 of 2, p23
Nivolumab: Drug information 2023-03-02 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nivolumab-drug-information
Regorafenib: Drug information 2023-03-02 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/regorafenib-drug-information
[only 3 bisphosphonates in stock: 2 injectable, 1 oral]
While our database contains information on 7 bisphosphonates, only 3 are currently in stock. These available options include both injectable and oral forms.
Our gastroenterologist prescribed a multiple refill prescription for Baraclude (entecavir) on 2023-06-26, which the patient is using for prophylaxis of his HBV reactivation. This medication is included in the patient’s active medication list as a patient-carried item and no reconciliation issue has been identified.
This patient relies only on our hospital for his medical need on liver cell carcinoma, no other healthcare providers found in the PharmaCloud database, no medication reconciliation issues identified.
The dosage of FOLFOX4 administered to this patient during this current treatment cycle has been adjusted in accordance with our in-hospital guidelines outlined in the “Revised Edition of Chemotherapy Prescription Collection for Liver Cancer, version 2023-03-01.” No issues have been identified with this adjustment.
The lab data show a fluctuation in the tumor marker AFP levels, which initially decreased (2022 Q2 to Q3), troughed around 2022 Q3/Q4, and then increased after 2022Q4. This pattern suggests that the “nivolumab + FOLFOX4” regimen, administered monthly since 2022-06, might have become less effective after approximately a year of treatment, indicating potential disease resistance.
This patient has previously been treated with sorafenib (from 2017-10 to 2018-01), regorafenib (from 2021-12 to 2022-08), and nivolumab (since 2021-10). If the disease is confirmed to have developed resistance to these treatments, then potential next-line therapy options could include cabozantinib or lenvatinib.
According to the current version (2023-05-23) NHI medication reimbursement rules, for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, patients can only choose to use either sorafenib or lenvatinib, but they cannot switch between the two. Additionally, cabozantinib is only covered for patients with intermediate or high-risk advanced renal cell carcinoma who have not previously undergone treatment. Thus, in this patient’s case, it appears cabozantinib or lenvatinib may not be covered based on these regulations.
Currently, Tecopin (teicoplanin 200mg/vial) is out of stock and has been replaced with Targocid (teicoplanin 200mg/vial). If the teicoplanin treatment should continue, please prescribe Targocid.
A multicenter phase II trial (RENOBATE) demonstrated that regorafenib plus nivolumab as first-line therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma shows promising efficacy outcomes without unexpected safety signals. (ref: Regorafenib plus nivolumab as first-line therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC): Multicenter phase 2 trial (RENOBATE). Changhoon Yoo, etc. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2022 40:4_suppl, 415-415. https://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/JCO.2022.40.4_suppl.415 )
Since the end of 2021, Stivarga (regorafenib 40mg/tab) has been prescribed. It is administered at 160mg once daily (4# QD) for the first 21 days of a 28-day cycle. Hand-foot skin reaction has been observed.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[immunochemotherapy]
[ESRD & HD QW135: current meds okay]
This patient has end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and receives hemodialysis three times per week (HD QW135). Records in HIS5 have been reviewed, no dosage adjustment is required for the current medication regimen.”
[adjusting chemotherapy for hemodialysis patients: fluorouracil and irinotecan]
Fluorouracil itself is not significantly removed by dialysis, but its metabolite, FBAL, can be, making no dosage adjustment necessary for patients on intermittent hemodialysis. Administration should occur post-dialysis on treatment days.
Irinotecan, with partial dialyzability and its active metabolite SN38 not dialyzable, is advised against in hemodialysis due to potential toxicity, especially in end-stage kidney disease. If used, initializing a reduced dose of 50% to 66% of the standard, is recommended, considering individual patient response.
No medication discrepancies were noted. As of 2023-09-21, the doses of irinotecan and fluorouracil in the FOLFIRI regimen have been increased to 70% of the standard dose, and it appears that the patient is still able to tolerate them.
[hemodialysis]
Hemodialysis QW135 is arranged for the patient during the course of hospitalization on 2023-08-01 by our nephrologist and EPO 5000 IU QW is suggested if Hb < 11.
It is advisable to administer Vemlidy (tenofovir alafenamide) and famotidine after the dialysis session has been completed.
[hypertension]
Despite the patient’s current medication regimen of beta-blocker carvedilol and calcium channel blocker amlodipine, the hypertension readings remain elevated. Therefore, it may be worth considering the addition of an angiotensin-receptor blocker, such as valsartan, to better manage the patient’s hypertension.
The patient is currently taking Vemlidy (tenofovir alafenamide 25mg) once daily for his HBV condition. For patients undergoing intermittent hemodialysis (thrice weekly), Vemlidy does not require dosage adjustment. If the dose is scheduled on a dialysis day, it should be administered after the dialysis.
If the treatment is switched to Baraclude (entecavir), dosage adjustments are needed for patients on intermittent hemodialysis (thrice weekly). Although entecavir is not significantly dialyzed (13%), it is recommended to administer 10% of the usual indication-specific dose daily. Alternatively, the usual indication-specific dose can be administered every 7 days. Similar to Vemlidy, if the dose falls on a dialysis day, it should be administered after hemodialysis.
There appears to be no issue with the current anti-HBV medication listed in the active prescription for the patient.
For patients on intermittent hemodialysis (thrice weekly), the dosage adjustments for famotidine are as follows: If the usual dose is 10 mg twice daily, use 10 mg every other day; if the usual dose is 20 mg once daily, use 10 mg every other day; and if the usual dose is 20 mg twice daily, use 10 mg once daily or 20 mg every other day. No supplemental dose is necessary, and it should be administered after hemodialysis on dialysis days.
The current prescription of Ulstop (famotidine) at 10mg QD appears to be appropriate and doesn’t pose any issues.
According to the PharmaCloud database, it appears that the patient regularly visits a local physician (LMD) to refill his prescription for epoetin beta for anemia associated with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, this medication is not currently on the patient’s active medication list in our records. Therefore, it would be prudent to verify the patient’s continued use of epoetin beta and consider adding it to the active medication list to ensure proper medication reconciliation.
It is about to apply the FOLFIRI plus Avastin to the patient on hemodialysis.
Fluorouracil is typically administered at a standard dose to patients undergoing hemodialysis without the need for dose adjustment. However, it is generally given after the hemodialysis session on dialysis days to prevent potential drug removal during the procedure.
This patient also has coronary artery disease 3-vessel disease status post coronary artery bypass graft on 2021-10-29. Fluorouracil has been associated with cardiotoxicity, as reported in postmarketing studies. Manifestations of cardiotoxicity may include angina, myocardial infarction/ischemia, arrhythmia, and heart failure. The risk factors for this toxicity include continuous infusion administration (as opposed to intravenous bolus) and pre-existing coronary artery disease. The American Heart Association recognizes fluorouracil as an agent that may cause reversible direct myocardial toxicity or exacerbate underlying myocardial dysfunction. Therefore, if a patient has previously experienced cardiotoxicity related to fluorouracil, the risks of resuming treatment with this drug have not been well established and must be carefully weighed against the potential benefits. Given these risks, it is recommended to monitor the patient’s cardiovascular status closely during the course of treatment with fluorouracil.
As with bevacizumab, no dose adjustment is required for any degree of renal impairment. However, cardiovascular toxicity, GI toxicity (perforation or fistula), thromboembolic events should be observed.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy for metastatic pancreatic cancer 2023-06-06 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?topicKey=ONC%2F2475&imageKey=ONC%2F79571
Cycle length: 14 days.
Regimen
Modified FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer 2023-06-06 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?topicKey=ONC%2F2475&imageKey=ONC%2F109546
Cycle length: 14 days.
Regimen
[rising CEA/CA199 & ascites on CT: possible progression despite FOLFIRINOX]
The FOLFIRINOX regimen, initiated in Dec 2022 and enhanced with nivolumab since late Aug 2023, hasn’t curbed the rise in CA199 and CEA levels, hinting at disease progression, underscored by a CT scan (2024-01-16) revealing peritoneal carcinomatosis.
2024-03-27 CA199 2908.54 U/mL
2024-03-18 CA199 2821.58 U/mL
2024-01-30 CA199 1770.89 U/mL
2024-01-15 CA199 1205.64 U/mL
2023-12-28 CA199 751.61 U/mL
2023-12-11 CA199 429.13 U/mL
2023-10-24 CA199 142.37 U/mL
2023-08-31 CA199 34.20 U/mL
2023-08-02 CA199 22.44 U/mL
2023-07-26 CA199 19.26 U/mL
2024-03-27 CEA 5.46 ng/mL
2024-03-18 CEA 5.86 ng/mL
2024-01-30 CEA 5.26 ng/mL
2024-01-15 CEA 4.36 ng/mL
2023-12-28 CEA 3.97 ng/mL
2023-12-11 CEA 3.62 ng/mL
2023-10-24 CEA 3.36 ng/mL
Significant weight loss (more than 10%) noted between 2024-03-11 (68 kg) and 2024-04-01 (61.5 kg), suggests potential cachexia, possibly necessitating enhanced nutritional support.
2024-04-01 WBC 2.07 x10^3/uL
2024-04-01 Neutrophil 68.6 %
2024-04-01 HGB 9.2 g/dL
2024-04-01 K (Potassium) 3.0 mmol/L
2024-04-01 Albumin (BCG) 3.0 g/dL
2024-04-01 Ca (Calcium) 2.06 mmol/L
Concurrently observed conditions such as neutropenia, anemia, hypokalemia, and hypoalbuminemia are being managed with potassium and albumin supplements, showing no inappropriate issues so far.
This patient recently refilled a 28-day supply of Urosin (atenolol) and nifedipine on 2023-08-26, and a prescription for Dicetel (pinaverium bromide), Gaslan, and Protase was refilled on 2023-08-14. While the latter group of medications has been added to the active medication list, the antihypertensive agents (atenolol and nifedipine) have not been included. Given that the patient’s blood pressure was recorded as 139/92 at 08:13 on 2023-09-19, it may be advisable to reinstate these antihypertensive drugs if the blood pressure continues to rise.
Currently, the patient’s medication records are not accessible on PharmaCloud. However, after reviewing the HIS5 records, no medication reconciliation issues were found.
The active medication list includes a repeat prescription by our gastroenterologist for Protase (pancrelipase), Dicetel (pinaverium bromide), and Gaslan (dimethylpolysiloxane). However, Urosin (atenolol) and nifedipine, which were refilled on 2023-07-26, are not currently being used as the patient’s blood pressure has not shown an elevation during this hospitalization. There are no medication reconciliation issues identified.
The local pharmacy refilled atenolol and nifedipine on 2023-07-01. They are included in the active medication list, and no medication reconciliation issues were found.
The patient’s WBC count has shown a decreasing trend since the start of the FOLFIRINOX regimen and is unlikely to fully recover at the current dose and interval.
On 2023-03-21, the patient’s WBC count remained at 3.68K/uL, which was an increase compared to 2.55K/uL on 2023-03-09 while receiving the same dose-reduced FOLFIRINOX regimen at a Q2W interval.
The patient experienced 5 bowel movements on 2023-03-23 and 2023-03-25, and 3 on 2023-03-26. Loperamide 2mg TIDAC was prescribed and effectively mitigated the diarrhea.
A low serum K level (3.1mmol/L) was noted on 2023-03-21, and potassium supplements have been properly prescribed to address this issue.
As of 2023-03-27 at 08:37, the patient’s blood pressure was recorded as 103/63mmHg. If the patient continues to maintain a relatively low blood pressure for an extended period of time, the discontinuation of Urosin (atenolol) may be considered while continuing nifedipine, with regularly monitoring of blood pressure.
There are no issues with the active prescription.
Protase (pancrelipase 280mg/cap) is properly prescribed as 1# PO BID. Pancrelipase itself has the potential to cause various gastrointestinal signs and symptoms, including but not limited to abdominal pain, abnormal stools, constipation, diarrhea, duodenitis, dyspepsia, flatulence, frequent bowel movements, gastritis, nausea, and vomiting. It is recommended to monitor these symptoms.
The patient is receiving a dose-modified FOLFIRINOX regimen, which includes a lower dose of oxaliplatin (85mg/m2 reduced to 75mg/m2) and irinotecan (180mg/m2 reduced to 150mg/m2). Despite the reduction in dosage, recent lab data shows a trend towards leukopenia, which should be closely monitored.
The patient has been admitted to receive his 5th FOLFIRINOX treatment, and he has been tolerating the treatment well.
Adjuvant therapy with a modified FOLFIRINOX regimen led to significantly longer survival than gemcitabine among patients with resected pancreatic cancer, at the expense of a higher incidence of toxic effects. (ref: FOLFIRINOX or Gemcitabine as Adjuvant Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(25):2395-2406. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1809775). Please continue to closely monitor the patient for any signs of adverse reactions.
For this patient with a pancreatic CA with duodenal obstruction, a lumen-apposing metal stent revision was performed on 2022-10-24 and he is currently being treated with piperacillin and tazobactam for suspected sepsis.
There was a low level of K, Na, Mg, and Ca in the serum on 2022-11-30, possibly due to diarrhea (bowel movements 7 times on 28 and 4 times on 30). If the readings continue to decline, electrolyte supplements might be beneficial.
The regimen FOLFIRINOX might be delayed or at least initialized with a lower dose of irinotecan if the patient continues to experience diarrhea.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[evaluating pain management alternatives in extensive cancer treatment]
The PharmaCloud records indicate the patient has been consistently refilling TS-1 (oral 20mg BID) for her gastric cancer, with last refills on 2024-01-17, 2024-02-21, and 2024-03-20. However, TS-1 is absent from the current medication list. Unless contradicted clinically, it’s generally recommended to persist with this regimen to maintain its effectiveness, barring any new treatment plans.
Given the patient’s history of extensive radiotherapy (25 times) and chemotherapy (8 cycles), as noted in the DutyNote on 2024-03-20, and the presence of significant metastatic vertebral pain, a consultation with Radiation Oncology might be beneficial for addressing bone metastases.
If the current regimen of oral Celebrex, Tramacet, and injectable Tramtor doesn’t sufficiently alleviate the patient’s pain, considering a fentanyl patch could be a viable alternative. The lab results from 2024-03-30 indicate no abnormalities in liver or kidney function, which supports exploring this option.
[bedside visit: addressing concerns about pain and bowel movements in hospital]
During my visit to the patient at approximately 14:30 on 2024-04-01, her son was present.
The patient reported experiencing pain in her spine when turning in bed or sitting up and mentioned ongoing deep thigh pain, although currently bearable without the need for increased pain medication.
She also expressed concern about not having had a bowel movement since hospital admission, fearing constipation. I assured her that the medical team would be informed to consider medication adjustments.
If clinically permissible, laxatives MgO and/or sennosides could be considered to facilitate at least one bowel movement.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[adjusting Feburic dosage for mild hyperuricemia management considerations for renal impairment]
The patient was prescribed Feburic (febuxostat) at 80mg daily for mild hyperuricemia, recorded at 6.9 mg/dL on 2024-03-28. However, for patients with CrCl below 30 mL/minute, a lower dose of 40 mg once daily is generally recommended (package insert).
[to schedule therapeutic drug monitoring for Depakine]
Depakine (valproic acid) was started today, 2024-03-28, targeting a therapeutic trough range of 50 to 100 ug/mL for epilepsy management. While some patients may see improved seizure control at levels above 100 ug/mL, with an upper limit often set around 125 ug/mL by some experts, concentrations between 100 to 150 ug/mL may lead to toxicity. Seizure control might also be achieved at levels below the standard reference range.
Trough concentrations, typically measured just before the next dose for safety and efficacy, are recommended within 3 to 4 days post-initiation or dose adjustment. A trough level check could ideally be scheduled for 2024-04-01.
[cyclosporine-A TDM]
[Minutes of the Interprofessional Practice Meeting and Family Meeting]
[Interprofessional Practice Meeting and Family Meeting following up]
[lab data]
2024-03-06 Anti-HBc Nonreactive
2024-03-06 Anti-HBc Value 0.19 S/CO
2024-03-06 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2024-03-06 Anti-HCV Value 0.13 S/CO
2024-03-06 Anti-HBs 0.86 mIU/mL
2024-03-06 HBsAg Nonreactive
2024-03-06 HBsAg Value 0.25 S/CO
[exam findings]
2024-03-27 Pure Tone Audiometry, PTA
2024-03-20 SONO - gynecology
2024-03-15 CT - abdomen
2024-03-15 SONO - gynecology
2024-03-11 Venous Duplex, peripheral echography
2024-03-08 Bronchodilator Test
2024-02-20 CT - chest
2024-02-16 2D transthoracic echocardiography
2024-02-02 PET scan
2024-01-11 Patho - ovary (tumor)
2024-01-10 Colonoscopy
2024-01-10 EGD
2023-12-18 CT - chest
2023-12-06 SONO - gynecology
2023-12-01 CT - abdomen
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[lab data]
2023-09-26 HBsAg (NM) Negative
2023-09-26 HBsAg Value (NM) 0.510
2023-09-26 Anti-HBc (NM) Negative
2023-09-26 Anti-HBc Value (NM) 2.500
2023-09-26 Anti-HCV (NM) Negative
2023-09-26 Anti-HCV Value (NM) 0.044
2023-09-26 Anti-HBs (NM) Negative
2023-09-26 Anti-HBs value (NM) <2.000 mIU/mL
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[reconciliation]
Both laboratory results from 2024-03-27 and vital signs taken throughout this hospital stay appear normal. Additionally, a thorough review of medications in both HIS5 and PharmaCloud records found no discrepancies with the current medication regimen.
[reconciliation]
Lab results from 2024-03-06, and vital signs measured during this hospitalization were unremarkable. A comprehensive review of both HIS5 and PharmaCloud databases indicated no discrepancies in medication management.
[reconciliation]
Lab findings dated 2024-02-01 and vital sign measurements from the TPR panel during this hospitalization were generally within normal parameters. A detailed review of both the HIS5 and PharmaCloud databases revealed no inconsistencies in medication management.
[rectal cancer treatment: ongoing efficacy]
Lab results from 2024-01-17 indicated broadly normal values in blood cell counts, electrolytes, and liver and kidney functions, presenting no contraindications for proceeding with the third FOLFOX session during the current hospitalization.
Additionally, a sigmoidoscopy performed on 2024-01-04 revealed significant tumor regression in the rectal cancer post-chemoradiotherapy, suggesting that the overall treatment remains effective to date.
[reconciliation]
The patient recently received a 28-day supply of Gaslan, glimepiride, aspirin, and dipyridamole from JingMei Hospital on 2023-12-27 to manage his blood glucose and cardiovascular conditions. Apart from Gaslan, all other medications prescribed by JingMei Hospital and our urology department on 2023-12-25 have been included in the active medication list. It is recommended to verify if the patient’s gastrointestinal symptoms have improved, to determine if there is still a need for Gaslan.
Lab results on 2024-01-02 showed no contraindication for the patient to receive another session of chemotherapy in this hospital stay.
Lab data from 2023-12-19 and TPR readings, appear generally normal. After reviewing the PharmaCloud and HIS5 records, no discrepancies were found in the active medication list.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[immunochemotherapy]
[addressing thrombocytopenia recovery and magnesium deficits]
Thrombocytopenia has shown some improvement, but the patient developed hypomagnesemia towards the end of Mar 2024. If the current oral MgO supplementation doesn’t increase the serum magnesium levels, the addition of MgSO4 injections may be considered.
2024-03-28 PLT 117 *10^3/uL
2024-03-25 PLT 76 *10^3/uL
2024-03-21 PLT 95 *10^3/uL
2024-03-19 PLT 24 *10^3/uL
2024-03-18 PLT 35 *10^3/uL
2024-03-17 PLT 54 *10^3/uL
2024-03-16 PLT 74 *10^3/uL
2024-03-15 PLT 11 *10^3/uL
2024-03-28 Mg (Magnesium) 1.6 mg/dL
2024-03-25 Mg (Magnesium) 1.8 mg/dL
2024-03-21 Mg (Magnesium) 2.0 mg/dL
[dose-related neutropenia risks with trastuzumab deruxtecan and strategies for dose adjustment post-neutropenia]
Enhertu (trastuzumab deruxtecan) is associated with a high incidence of neutropenia, ranging from 52% to 72%, with severe cases (grades 3/4) occurring in 12% to 51% of patients. This effect is dose-related, and the onset of decreased neutrophil count varies, with the median time to the first onset being 16 days (range: 4 to 187 days) for patients with locally advanced or metastatic gastric cancer and 22 days (range: 2 to 664 days) for those with metastatic breast cancer.
Given that the last dose of Enhertu was administered on 2024-03-05, it is plausible that it could be the primary cause of the neutropenia observed.
Starting from 2024-03-15, the patient was treated with Granocyte (lenograstim 250ug) for 3 consecutive days, which has since resolved the neutropenia.
Given the severity of this episode, being classified as grade 4 neutropenia (ANC < 500/uL), it is advisable to temporarily halt the administration of Enhertu until the condition improves to grade 2 or lower. Subsequently, a dose reduction should be considered, lowering the dosage from 5.4 mg/kg to 4.4 mg/kg.
[comprehensive approach to abnormal lab results in patient care - reconciliation]
G-CSF and furosemide were administered, a left-shift in the WBC DC as observed on 2024-03-18. Concurrently, hypokalemia (2.3 mmol/L) and hyponatremia (131 mmol/L) were also detected. To address these electrolyte imbalances, oral potassium supplements and intravenous normal saline are currently being utilized.
Uliden (ursodeoxycholic acid) has been prescribed to manage an elevated Direct Bilirubin (DBI) level of 0.49 mg/dL.
For the treatment of elevated PCT (27.19 ng/mL) and CRP (18.9 mg/dL), indicative of a bacterial infection, Cefim (cefepime) has been chosen.
No discrepancies in medication have been identified in the patient’s treatment plan.
According to the PharmaCloud database, this patient only receives medical services at our hospital. Cross-referencing this with HIS5 records, there were no active prescriptions issued by other departments. Consequently, no medication reconciliation issues were identified.
Granocyte (lenograstim) is pre-prescribed for 2 to 3 consecutive days, a few days after each chemotherapy session, as a prophylactic measure against leukopenia. Since mid-Nov 2021, the patient’s WBC count has remained consistently above 3K/uL.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
Paclitaxel - 2024-02-29 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/paclitaxel-conventional-drug-information
[safe practices for adding KCl to SmofKabiven bags]
The “SmofKabiven PI 1448mL/bag” contains 2g of KCl, equivalent to 28mmol of potassium ions (K+) as per the package insert, with a maximum potassium limit of 225mmol per bag. This allows for an additional 197mmol (or 197 mEq) of potassium to be added.
Given that “KCl injection 15% 10mL/amp” contains 20mEq of potassium, theoretically, up to 9 ampules could be added. However, general practice recommends not exceeding 20 to 30 mEq of potassium per hour.
SmofKabiven should be infused over 14 to 24 hours, with the addition of KCl adjusted as appropriate.
[reevaluating laxative use after frequent bowel movements; diarrhea as a contributing factor to hypokalemia]
The patient experienced seven instances of bowel movements on 2024-03-27, indicating that the currently prescribed oral Dulcolax tablet and rectal Bisadyl suppository could be paused or discontinued if there is no more fecal material storage observed in the colon.
This frequent diarrhea could be contributing to the patient’s low potassium levels.
[improved HGB following transfusion, ileus resolved, trial of oral intake considered]
HGB increased (2024-03-04 7.7g/dL -> 2024-03-06 10.2g/dL) after LPRBC transfusion. Hypokalemia is not currently detected (2024-03-06 3.6mmol/L).
On 2024-02-29, an X-ray suggested possible fecal stasis within the colon, raising suspicion of small bowel obstruction. However, a subsequent X-ray performed on 2024-03-04 did not reveal evidence of obstruction. The previously observed ileus has been effectively managed.
Due to the patient’s underweight status (BMI 14.8, weight: 33.8 kg, height: 151.2 cm), adequate nutritional support is crucial. She is currently receiving TPN. As the ileus has resolved to some degree, a trial of oral intake might be considered, provided there are no clinical contraindications.
[FOLFOX followed by paclitaxel: rising tumor markers & hypokalemia]
The patient’s treatment was initiated with the FOLFOX regimen in May 2023. Both CEA and CA199 tumor markers reached their nadir (lowest point) in Sep 2023, but still remained out of the normal reference range. Subsequently, the markers began to rise, and the last dose of FOLFOX was administered in late Nov 2023.
2024-02-27 CEA (NM) 30.060 ng/ml
2024-02-20 CEA (NM) 26.790 ng/ml
2024-01-30 CEA (NM) 24.157 ng/ml
2024-01-19 CEA (NM) 23.317 ng/ml
2023-12-29 CEA (NM) 22.383 ng/ml
2023-12-22 CEA (NM) 17.894 ng/ml
2023-12-15 CEA (NM) 14.477 ng/ml
2023-12-08 CEA (NM) 15.861 ng/ml
2023-12-01 CEA (NM) 14.718 ng/ml
2023-11-17 CEA (NM) 12.991 ng/ml
2023-10-24 CEA (NM) 10.527 ng/ml
2023-10-06 CEA (NM) 8.849 ng/ml
2023-09-28 CEA (NM) 8.549 ng/ml
2023-09-15 CEA (NM) 7.623 ng/ml
2023-09-01 CEA (NM) 7.170 ng/ml
2023-07-07 CEA (NM) 9.071 ng/ml
2023-06-23 CEA (NM) 10.524 ng/ml
2023-06-12 CEA (NM) 11.251 ng/ml
2023-06-02 CEA (NM) 14.962 ng/ml
2023-05-30 CEA (NM) 15.930 ng/ml
2023-04-27 CEA 28.09 ng/mL
2024-02-27 CA-199 (NM) 735.100 U/ml
2024-02-20 CA-199 (NM) 669.050 U/ml
2024-01-30 CA-199 (NM) 754.580 U/ml
2024-01-19 CA-199 (NM) 598.990 U/ml
2023-12-29 CA-199 (NM) 382.890 U/ml
2023-12-22 CA-199 (NM) 202.647 U/ml
2023-12-15 CA-199 (NM) 178.155 U/ml
2023-12-08 CA-199 (NM) 203.365 U/ml
2023-12-01 CA-199 (NM) 171.744 U/ml
2023-11-17 CA-199 (NM) 156.577 U/ml
2023-10-24 CA-199 (NM) 126.428 U/ml
2023-10-06 CA-199 (NM) 96.780 U/ml
2023-09-28 CA-199 (NM) 84.503 U/ml
2023-09-15 CA-199 (NM) 93.263 U/ml
2023-09-01 CA-199 (NM) 89.666 U/ml
2023-07-07 CA-199 (NM) 122.765 U/ml
2023-06-23 CA-199 (NM) 147.885 U/ml
2023-06-12 CA-199 (NM) 197.215 U/ml
2023-06-02 CA-199 (NM) 250.810 U/ml
2023-05-30 CA-199 (NM) 363.860 U/ml
2023-04-27 CA-199 260.84 U/mL
Paclitaxel was initiated on 2024-01-26. Ramucirumab, originally planned as a co-administered drug, has not yet been commenced. The paclitaxel treatment has not shown a clear trend of decreasing tumor marker levels.
Hypokalemia was identified on 2024-02-28, with a value of 2.9 mmol/L. Const-K and Spiron (spironolactone) are currently being administered, and no medication discrepancies were found.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[bedside visit: assessing patient comfort and medication needs]
I visited the patient at around 16:10 on 2024-03-27. The patient and his female relatives were in the room. I inquired about any medication issues and asked if the current pain management was satisfactory.
The patient mentioned feeling more pain when needing to turn his body but did not require an increase in pain medication.
No further medication concerns were raised by the family.
[possible MM detected]
Lab results supported the possibility of multiple myeloma.
However, in the most recent lab results, there was no extreme anemia, hypercalcemia.
The underlying condition HTN and DM are currently well managed. Vital signs and serum glucose levels are stable.
Osteolytic bone disease is a major feature of MM that can result in bone pain and pathologic fractures. Bone pain is now treated with oral Tramacet and PRN Tramtor injection with no discrepancy.
It is suggested to risk-stratify myeloma patients at initial diagnosis wiht FISH on the bone marrow for t(11;14), t(4;14), t(6;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), del17p13, gain 1q, and trisomies of odd numbered chromosomes.
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
2024-03-25
2024-03-01
2024-02-22
2024-02-16
2024-02-06
2024-02-01
2024-01-25
2023-12-26
[exam findings]
[chemotherapy]
[bedside visit - patient education and care in chemotherapy initiation]
As the patient is undergoing chemotherapy for the first time today, I visited them around 16:15 on 2024-03-27 to inquire if anyone had explained the potential side effects of chemotherapy to her. The patient confirmed that both her doctor and nursing staff had provided an explanation.
The patient lives nearby, and her uncle on her mother’s side is a monk, which is why they chose to receive medical treatment at out hospital. I advised the patient to inform the medical staff as soon as possible if they suspect any adverse reactions to medications, to allow for prompt management.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
2024-03-26 - leucovorin 400mg/m2 550mg NS 500mL 10min + fluorouracil 1200mg/m2 1600mg NS 500mL 46hr
2023-10-17 - leucovorin 300mg/m2 380mg NS 500mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 3000mg NS 250mL 48hr (infusor)
2023-10-03 - oxaliplatin 65mg/m2 80mg D5W 250mL 2hr (Y-sited LV) + leucovorin 300mg/m2 390mg NS 500mL 2hr (Y-sited Oxa) + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 3000mg NS 250mL 48hr (infusor)
2023-09-19 - oxaliplatin 65mg/m2 80mg D5W 250mL 2hr (Y-sited LV) + leucovorin 300mg/m2 390mg NS 500mL 2hr (Y-sited Oxa) + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 3000mg NS 250mL 48hr (infusor)
2023-09-05 - oxaliplatin 65mg/m2 80mg D5W 250mL 2hr (Y-sited LV) + leucovorin 300mg/m2 390mg NS 500mL 2hr (Y-sited Oxa) + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 3000mg NS 250mL 48hr (infusor)
2023-08-22 - oxaliplatin 65mg/m2 80mg D5W 250mL 2hr (Y-sited LV) + leucovorin 300mg/m2 390mg NS 500mL 2hr (Y-sited Oxa) + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 3000mg NS 250mL 48hr (infusor)
2023-08-08 - oxaliplatin 65mg/m2 80mg D5W 250mL 2hr (Y-sited LV) + leucovorin 300mg/m2 390mg NS 500mL 2hr (Y-sited Oxa) + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 3000mg NS 250mL 48hr (infusor)
2023-07-25 - oxaliplatin 65mg/m2 80mg D5W 250mL 2hr (Y-sited LV) + leucovorin 300mg/m2 390mg NS 500mL 2hr (Y-sited Oxa) + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 3000mg NS 250mL 48hr (infusor)
2023-07-11 - oxaliplatin 65mg/m2 80mg D5W 250mL 2hr (Y-sited LV) + leucovorin 300mg/m2 390mg NS 500mL 2hr (Y-sited Oxa) + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 3000mg NS 250mL 48hr (infusor)
2023-06-27 - oxaliplatin 65mg/m2 80mg D5W 250mL 2hr (Y-sited LV) + leucovorin 300mg/m2 390mg NS 500mL 2hr (Y-sited Oxa) + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 3000mg NS 250mL 48hr (infusor)
2023-06-13 - leucovorin 300mg/m2 400mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 3000mg NS 500mL 46hr
2023-05-25 - leucovorin 300mg/m2 400mg NS 500mL 2hr + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 3000mg NS 500mL 46hr
2023-04-18 - oxaliplatin 65mg/m2 90mg D5W 250mL 2hr (Y-sited LV) + leucovorin 300mg/m2 400mg NS 500mL 2hr (Y-sited Oxa) + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 3000mg NS 180mL 48hr (infusor)
2023-04-10 - mitomycin-C 20mg/m2 30mg NS 800mL 3hr D2 + [fluorouracil 500mg NS 500mL + gentamicin 40mg + NaHCO3 4200mg] IP D1-5 1hr via JP tube drip then retention 23hr
2023-03-30 - oxaliplatin 250mg/m2 360mg IP 1hr
[lab data]
2024-03-27 Anti-HBc Reactive
2024-03-27 Anti-HBc Value 7.41 S/CO
2024-03-27 Anti-HBs 0.51 mIU/mL
2024-03-27 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2024-03-27 Anti-HCV Value 0.12 S/CO
2024-03-27 HBsAg Reactive
2024-03-27 HBsAg Value 5361.11 S/CO
2024-03-27 CA125 237.3 U/mL
2024-03-27 CEA 133.71 ng/mL
2024-03-27 CA153 89.8 U/mL
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[lab data]
2023-12-28 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-12-28 Anti-HCV Value 0.33 S/CO
2023-12-27 Anti-HBc IgM Nonreactive
2023-12-27 Anti-HBc IgM Value 0.09 S/CO
2023-12-27 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-12-27 HBsAg (Value) 0.57 S/CO
2023-12-27 Anti-HBc Nonreactive
2023-12-27 Anti-HBc-Value 0.21 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[bedside visit: skin reaction post-CT contrast agent and dietary potassium sources]
I visited the patient at around 11:30 on 2024-03-26, and the patient was sitting up in bed, alert.
I inquired if there were any medication-related issues or thoughts she wished to discuss. The patient mentioned a possible adverse reaction to the contrast agent used during a CT scan on 2024-03-21, which caused widespread skin redness, but it has significantly subsided (showing her arm with scattered red spots remaining). I reassured the patient that antihistamine is already part of her medication, and if the condition is improving rather than worsening, there is no need for concern too much.
Additionally, I advised the patient to be cautious of infections due to low white blood cell counts, mentioning the use of G-CSF and potassium supplements due to hypokalemia.
The patient asked about obtaining potassium from her diet post-discharge, and I suggested that bananas could be a good source since her kidney function was normal, though she expressed a dislike for bananas. I mentioned that low-sodium salt, which substitutes sodium with potassium, might be a dietary alternative at home.
The patient had no further medication-related queries.
[CA125 decline with paclitaxel/cisplatin & electrolyte management]
Since late Dec 2023, the patient has been treated with paclitaxel and cisplatin, leading to a noticeable decrease in CA125 levels, which may indicate the effectiveness of the treatment.
The patient has experienced mild hypokalemia, mild hypocalcemia, and moderate hypomagnesemia, and is currently receiving magnesium sulfate supplementation.
Lab results from 2024-03-19 showed WBC 2140, with seg 53.7%, ANC 1149, and both PCT and CRP within normal limits. Prophylactic use of Tapimycin (piperacillin, tazobactam) is ongoing.
A review of the PharmaCloud and HIS5 databases revealed no discrepancies in medication.
Cisplatin is known to lead to magnesium loss through the kidneys, so supplementing magnesium during cisplatin treatment could be advantageous.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[bedside visit: evaluating alternative feeding methods]
I visited the patient at around 11:40 on 2024-03-26, with the patient’s husband present.
Her husband mentioned the patient was experiencing abdominal bloating, inability to eat, and vomiting upon consumption. They inquired about the possibility of injection medication or parenteral nutrition supplementation.
I explained that some patients might not tolerate a nasogastric tube well and that it doesn’t completely prevent vomiting. Furthermore, long-term use of Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) can reduce the small intestine’s absorptive capacity and should only be used as an emergency measure.
The family expressed expectation for improvement after the planned ascites tapping. No further medication issues were raised during the visit.
[addressing bowel movement issue]
According to HIS5 records, the patient has not had a bowel movement since 2024-03-22, which is 4 days up to today. If the currently used oral sennoside and bisacodyl suppository pill do not achieve the expected bowel movement effect, the use of lactulose may be considered for further action.
[reconciliation]
BH 150mg, BW 45kg, BMI 20kg/m2, BSA 1.37m2.
No medication discrepancies identified after review of PharmaCloud and HIS5 records.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[reconciliation]
Lab assessments conducted on 2024-03-25 indicated mostly normal results, with the exception of hypomagnesemia (1.6 mg/dL), which are being managed with oral MgO supplements. The patient’s vital signs have also consistently been stable during their hospitalization. Given these findings, there seems to be no contraindication to continuing with the current PF4 treatment regimen.
Cisplatin is assciated with the potential hematologic and oncologic side effects as the following (ref: UpToDate)
Reducing the dosage of cisplatin (which is dose-dependent) can alleviate thrombocytopenia. Although the patient’s decrease in neutrophils and hemoglobin is not as significant as the decrease in platelets, platelet transfusions may trigger immune responses, infections, and other complications. Therefore, a balance between the expected therapeutic effect and adverse reactions should be sought while considering treatment options. One possible approach is to first reduce the cisplatin dosage to a level where the patient’s platelet count can still recover, and then proceed with further consideration.
Recent lab data showed a significant downward trend in PLT, indicating that the patient has developed thrombocytopenia. Please closely monitor the patient for any signs of bleeding.
Actively bleeding patients with thrombocytopenia should be transfused with platelets immediately to keep platelet counts >50K/uL in most bleeding situations including disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and >100K/uL if there is central nervous system bleeding. (ref: Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of disseminated intravascular coagulation. British Committee for Standards in Haematology. Br J Haematol. 2009;145(1):24-33. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07600.x)
The patient had a marginally high uric acid level (2022-07-05 7.7 mg/dL) prior to last chemotherapy, which could be followed up in order to determine the need for an uric acid lowering drug (e.g. febuxostat).
EBV DNA PCR results on 2022-01-17 indicated equivocal 120 copies/mL, which could be updated as well.
There is no issue with active prescriptions.
For nonkeratinizing and/or undifferentiated histology, consider testing for EBV in tumor and blood. The EBV DNA load may reflect prognosis and change in response to therapy.
Stereotactic proton radiosurgery might be effective in treating brain metastases. reference: Proton Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29976494/
5-Fu plus cisplatin has been the current regimen since 2022-03-18. PD-1 inhibitors (e.g. pembrolizumab or nivolumab) might be an additional treatment option for cancers that are recurrent, unresectable, or metastatic (without surgery or radiation therapy).
Chronic viral hepatitis B is managed with Baraclude (entecavir) currently.
[lab data]
2024-01-31 CMV IgM Nonreactive
2024-01-31 CMV IgM Value 0.10 Index
2024-01-31 Mycoplasma IgM Negative Index
2024-01-31 Mycoplasma IgM Value 0.5 Index
2024-01-31 BM chromosome analyz see attachment
2024-01-25 FLT3-D835 mutation (BM) Undetectable
2024-01-24 CMV viral load assay Target not detecetedIU/mL
2024-01-23 Aspergillus Ag Negative
2024-01-23 Aspergillus Ag Value 0.1 Ratio
2024-01-23 FLT3/ITD mutation (BM) Presence of mutation
2024-01-23 NPM1 mutation (qualit BM) Undetectable
2024-01-12 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2024-01-12 Anti-HCV Value 0.12 S/CO
2024-01-12 Anti-HBc Reactive
2024-01-12 Anti-HBc-Value 6.70 S/CO
2024-01-12 Anti-HBs 463.82 mIU/mL
2024-01-12 HBsAg Nonreactive
2024-01-12 HBsAg (Value) 0.46 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
2024-03-19 Gastroenterology
2024-02-22 Rehabilitation
2024-01-16 Chest Medicine
2024-01-16 Infectious Disease
2024-01-15 Cardiology
[chemotherapy]
2024-02-23 - cytarabine 20mg/m2 32mg SC D1-10 (low dose Ara-C)
2024-01-16 - daunorubicin 45mg/m2 60mg NS 100mL 30min D1-3 + cytarabine 100mg/m2 140mg NS 500mL 24hr D1-7 (20% off)
Chemotherapy induction regimens for acute myeloid leukemia - 2024-01-22 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=HEME%2F78251
[optimizing hydroxyurea dosage for effective AML cytoreduction]
Hydroxyurea is utilized for cytoreduction in acute myeloid leukemia, with oral doses ranging from 50 to 100 mg/kg/day to reduce WBC counts below 100K/uL, or 50 to 60 mg/kg/day to bring WBC counts down to 10K to 20K/uL.
For this patient weighing 51.2kg with a WBC count of 67K/uL, a daily dose between 2560mg and 3072mg is advised. Currently, the patient’s dosage of 1000mg BID (2000mg daily) may be insufficient, potentially diminishing the cytoreduction effectiveness or prolonging the time needed to achieve desired outcomes.
FLT3-ITD mutations are found in 1/3 of AML cases, while FLT3-TKD mutations are found in approximately 10%. Laboratory results on 2024-01-23 showed FLT3-ITD (+), FLT3-TKD (-) and NPM1 (-). Wild-type NPM1 with FLT3-ITD (no adverse genetic lesion) is stratified as intermediate risk in the European LeukemiaNet stratification scheme. Rydapt (midostaurin) 50 mg BID is initiated on day 8 of the standard 7 + 3 schedule for 2 weeks, it follows the schedule without discrepancies.
[progress in AML following chemotherapy]
On 2024-01-15, the patient’s peripheral blood blast percentage was nearly 100%, and a bone marrow biopsy revealed AML, indicated by CD34+ (80%), CD117+ (90%), MPO+ (30%), and CD163+ (30%). No FLT3 mutation was found in the recent HIS5 records.
A reduced dose of the standard 7+3 regimen (cytarabine + daunorubicin) commenced on 2024-01-16. One week later, the peripheral blood blast percentage decreased to 72%, indicating an ongoing response.
A follow-up bone marrow examination is recommended between day 14 to 22 for further response assessment.
[Ampholipad (amphotericin B liposome) preparation and administration]
To nurse practioner / primary nurse:
Incompatibility: Avoid mixing with saline solutions or other medications. Inappropriate solvents or solutions containing antibacterial agents can cause Liposome Amphotericin B to precipitate.
Dissolution: For each 50mg vial, add 12mL of sterile water for injection, shaking vigorously for 30 seconds to disperse and dissolve into a 4 mg/mL solution.
Dilution: Withdraw the reconstituted solution with a sterile syringe, attach a 5-micron filter (one per vial), and infuse the correct amount of D5W through the filter, diluting to a concentration of 1-2mg/mL (for infants and small children, dilute to 0.2-0.5mg/mL). In this case, 250mg should use 250mL D5W.
Administration: Administer via intravenous infusion over more than 120 minutes with an infusion pump.
Precaution: For patients experiencing infusion-related reactions like chills, fever, hypotension, nausea, etc., premedicate 30 to 60 minutes prior with a nonsteroidal (e.g., ibuprofen) ± diphenhydramine or acetaminophen with diphenhydramine or hydrocortisone. Administer meperidine for rigors during infusion.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[grade 4 neutropenia following chemo (cefepime ongoing) - potential use of G-CSF]
The patient developed grade 4 neutropenia 1 week after receiving paclitaxel and carboplatin on 2024-03-15. Cefim (cefepime) is currently being administered.
2024-03-24 WBC 0.55 x10^3/uL
2024-03-23 WBC 0.60 x10^3/uL
2024-03-22 WBC 2.45 x10^3/uL
2024-03-14 WBC 7.25 x10^3/uL
2024-03-24 Neutrophil 1.7 %
2024-03-23 Neutrophil 10.4 %
2024-03-22 Neutrophil 76.9 %
2024-03-14 Neutrophil 80.0 %
Due to neutropenia, G-CSF may be considered to help increase white blood cell count.
[navigating post-CCRT options: considering carboplatin/paclitaxel and the role of HER2 status]
This patient underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), receiving 4500cGy/25 fractions targeting the pelvic area, along with one fraction of intracavitary radiotherapy (ICRT) delivering 426.65cGy to the right anterior (RA) and 423.35cGy to the left anterior (LA) at TSGH, and 6660cGy/37 fractions directed at the tumor bed area. The total radiation exposure amounted to 7086.65cGy for the RA and 7083.35cGy for the LA. Concurrently, cisplatin was administered. There were no subsequent records of carboplatin/paclitaxel treatment following the CCRT, according to the HIS5 database.
If there was no continuation with carboplatin/paclitaxel treatment at that time, it may now be considered as an option. Additionally, if the HER2 status is positive, incorporating trastuzumab into the treatment plan could also be contemplated.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[elevated CA-125 following paclitaxel and carboplatin therapy, monitoring cardiac function during liposomal doxorubicin treatment]
The patient underwent a chemotherapy regimen with paclitaxel and carboplatin from 2023-09-19 to 2023-12-20. Since 2023-12, a rapid increase in the CA-125 marker was observed, culminating in a historical peak of 535 on 2024-03-18.
A new regimen involving liposomal doxorubicin was initiated on 2024-03-13. It is noted that there are no recent records of LVEF, so it’s recommended to assess left ventricular cardiac function before starting, as well as during and after the liposomal doxorubicin treatment.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
[reconciliation]
Throughout this hospitalization, the patient has maintained stable vital signs. Lab tests obrained on 2024-02-26 revealed grossly normal readings. Based on these findings, no contraindications to the administration of trastuzumab plus docetaxel were identified. Additionally, a review of the HIS5 and PharmaCloud revealed no discrepancies.
[exam findings]
[consultation]
[switching medications for tube feeding: Urief replaces Harnalidge, Urotrol FC for Oxbu ER]
Harnalidge OCAS (tamsulosin 0.4mg): Due to its formulation, Harnalidge isn’t suitable for tube feeding. Therefore, it is recommended transitioning to Urief (silodosin 8mg) as a more appropriate alternative to manage the patient’s condition.
Oxbu ER (oxybutynin 5mg): Since this is an extended-release medication, it might not be ideal for tube feeding. Urotrol FC (propiverine) could be a better option for this situation. (Ref: Propiverine compared to oxybutynin in neurogenic detrusor overactivity–results of a randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical study. Eur Urol. 2007 Jan;51(1):235-42. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2006.03.016.)
[exam findings]
2024-03-21 CTA - brain (head, neck)
2024-03-21 CXR
2023-12-28 ECG
2023-11-16
2023-11-01 MRI - larynx
2023-10-24 Patho - stomach biopsy
2023-10-23 CT - neck
2023-10-23 SONO - abdomen
2023-10-23 EGD
2023-10-20 PET
2023-10-19 Patho - gingival/oral mucosa biopsy
2023-10-19 Nasopharyngoscopy
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[assessing leukopenia risks beyond chemotherapy effects]
The most recent CCRT, which utilized carboplatin, concluded in late Jan / early Feb 2024.
Despite this, the patient is currently experiencing rapidly developing leukopenia, an occurrence unlikely to be induced by the CCRT due to the nearly 2-month gap since its completion.
The administration of piperacillin on 2024-03-18 at KeeLung CGMH (according to PharmaCloud database) is suspected to be a possible cause, as myelosuppression, particularly neutropenia, is a known side effect of this drug.
Should the WBC count continue to decrease, the use of G-CSF may be considered to counteract this effect.
Culture results from both sputum and urine samples collected on 2023-12-29, reported on 2024-01-01, revealed mixed normal flora and less than 1000 CFU/mL, respectively. This, along with the declining CRP level, might suggest a positive response to ongoing cefepime 2000mg Q12H therapy.
Additionally, G-CSF administered since 2023-12-28 has effectively mitigated the leukopenia.
No medication discrepancies were identified during reconciliation.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
2024-02-22 - docetaxel 75mg/m2 113mg NS 250mL 1hr
2024-01-26 - docetaxel 75mg/m2 115mg NS 250mL 1hr
2023-12-25 - cetuximab 500mg/m2 700mg 1.5hr
2023-11-16 - cetuximab 500mg/m2 700mg 1.5hr
2023-10-23 - cetuximab 500mg/m2 700mg 1.5hr
2023-10-06 - cetuximab 500mg/m2 700mg 1.5hr
2023-09-04 - NS 500mL 2hr D1 (before cisplatin) + cisplatin 100mg/m2 160mg NS 500mL 4hr D1 + NS 500mL 2hr D1 (after cisplatin) + fluorouracil 1000mg/m2 1600mg NS 500mL 21hr D1-4 (PF, Q4W)
2023-07-31 - NS 500mL 2hr D1 (before cisplatin) + cisplatin 100mg/m2 160mg NS 500mL 4hr D1 + NS 500mL 2hr D1 (after cisplatin) + fluorouracil 1000mg/m2 1600mg NS 500mL 21hr D1-4 (PF, Q4W)
2023-07-03 - NS 500mL 2hr D1 (before cisplatin) + cisplatin 100mg/m2 160mg NS 500mL 4hr D1 + NS 500mL 2hr D1 (after cisplatin) + fluorouracil 1000mg/m2 1600mg NS 500mL 21hr D1-4 (PF, Q4W)
2023-06-05 - NS 500mL 2hr D1 (before cisplatin) + cisplatin 100mg/m2 160mg NS 500mL 4hr D1 + NS 500mL 2hr D1 (after cisplatin) + fluorouracil 1000mg/m2 1600mg NS 500mL 21hr D1-4 (PF, Q4W)
2023-05-08 - NS 500mL 2hr D1 (before cisplatin) + cisplatin 100mg/m2 160mg NS 500mL 4hr D1 + NS 500mL 2hr D1 (after cisplatin) + fluorouracil 1000mg/m2 1600mg NS 500mL 21hr D1-4 (PF, Q4W)
2023-04-03 - NS 500mL 2hr D1 (before cisplatin) + cisplatin 100mg/m2 160mg NS 500mL 4hr D1 + NS 500mL 2hr D1 (after cisplatin) + fluorouracil 1000mg/m2 1600mg NS 500mL 21hr D1-4 (PF, Q4W)
2022-04-26 - (cisplatin, QW)
2022-04-19
2022-04-12
2022-04-08
2022-03-29
2022-03-22
2020-10-20 - (cisplatin, QW)
2020-10-13
2020-10-06
2020-09-29
2020-09-22
2020-09-15
Docetaxel - 2024-03-22 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/docetaxel-drug-information
[treating stubborn bleeding neck wounds: topical tranexamic acid as an option]
Topical application of tranexamic acid to the bleeding surface has the potential to inhibit local fibrinolysis at the site of bleeding, reducing bleeding with minimal systemic effects. The effects of topical tranexamic acid have been evaluated primarily during orthopedic surgery but also with head and neck surgery, cardiac surgery, and breast surgery.
For poorly healing neck skin ruptures with bleeding, topical tranexamic acid may be a helpful option.
[neurological follow-up in this cisplatin-treated patient]
This is a patient who has a long history of underlying neurological conditions. Cervical polyradiculopathy was found on 2010-06-30. On 2010-07-23, the patient was diagnosed with herniated intervertebral discs (HIVD) at the C3, C4, C5, C6, and C7 levels, along with canal stenosis. He subsequently underwent Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) and right Trans-Ulnar Synovectomy (TUS) / Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) neurolysis on 2010-07-07. On 2016-02-06, the patient presented with a mass on the left dorsal ear and was undergoing follow-up after cervical surgery. He also exhibited muscular atrophy in his limbs. On 2016-03-04, the patient reported soreness, especially in cold weather conditions. Later, on 2023-03-07, the patient experienced pain in the back of the neck and radiating numbness and weakness in the right upper extremity, persisting for three months. The pain was not relieved by painkillers.
The patient had used cisplatin in Sep and Oct in 2020, Mar and Apr in 2022, 2nd and 3rd quarters in 2023. Cisplatin is known associated with peripheral neuropathy.
While the patient’s neurological issues cannot be solely attributed to cisplatin, its potential role in causing neuropathy cannot be excluded. The patient has been more frequently visiting neurology since Sep 2023, with the most recent appointment on 2024-01-10. Monitoring the effectiveness of symptom control proposed by our neurologist is suggested.
Additionally, docetaxel, started during this hospitalization, is also associated with neurological adverse reactions. These include central nervous system toxicity (20% to 58%; dysesthesia and paresthesia both ≤6%), neuromuscular and skeletal issues like asthenia (53% to 66%; severe weakness 13% to 18%), myalgia (3% to 23%; severe myalgia 2%), and neuromuscular reactions (16%), as well as peripheral motor neuropathy (4%; mainly distal extremity weakness) and arthralgia (3% to 9%).
Given that chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy remains a challenging medical issue to fully overcome, continued follow-up in neurology outpatient clinics is recommended.
The patient just refilled Ultracet (tramadol, acetaminophen) and Lyrica (pregabalin) for his aalignant neoplasm of hypopharynx at a local pharmacy on 2023-07-27. In current active medication list, there were Tramacet, Lyrica and Durogesic (fentanyl) prescribed, no reconciliation issues identified.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[MedRec]
A review of 2024-03-21 lab results, including CBC, basic metabolic panel (BMP), showed grossly normal values. Similarly, recent TPR readings are stable. No discrepancies were identified between the active medication list after reviewing PharmaCloud and HIS5 records.
[repeated leukopenia episodes after chemo, g-csf prophylaxis may be prudent]
Following the first chemotherapy session on 2023-12-26, and the second session on 2024-01-18, the patient experienced episodes of leukopenia with nadir WBC counts of 1.43 K/uL on 2024-01-02 and 2.06 K/uL on 2024-01-26. Given these observations, prophylactic G-CSF administration may be prudent.
[exam findings]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[immunochemotherapy]
Apart from a mild case of hypokalemia (3.3mmol/L), the lab results from 2024-01-23 were largely normal. The decision to use oral potassium supplements can be based on clinical assessment and necessity.
The planned 6 cycles of TCHP therapy will be completed during this hospitalization. Subsequent treatment plans and follow-up schedules might be discussed with the patient to achieve a consensus through shared decision making. (The CT scan on 2023-12-01 revealed regression of the lesion in the right breast and the emergence of a new nodular lesion in the left breast.)
Lab results from 2023-11-01 showed normal values for CBC, WBC-DC, electrolytes, and liver and kidney function tests.
No moderate or severe treatment related adverse events have been documented. As a result, the 3rd cycle of the docetaxel, carboplatin, trastuzumab and pertuzumab chemotherapy regimen was administered on 2023-11-02 without any complications to date.
Review of PharmaCloud and HIS5 records revealed no medication reconciliation issues.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
TS-1
[recent decline in renal function - encourage hydration upon discharge]
The patient’s recent kidney function appears to have declined. As the patient is about to be discharged, please advise her to maintain adequate hydration after discharge.
[leukopenia & thrombocytopenia following chemotherapy: monitoring PLT for Transfusion]
Gemcitabine, cisplatin, and TS-1 combination chemotherapy was initiated in 2023-08. The disease remained stable until a CT scan performed on 2024-02-16 revealed multiple liver metastases and carcinomatosis, indicating disease progression. Consequently, the treatment regimen was switched to FOLFOX, which was first administered during this hospitalization.
Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia developed following the last dose of gemcitabine, cisplatin, and TS-1 on 2024-02-15.
2024-02-23 WBC 3.45 x10^3/uL
2024-02-21 WBC 1.62 x10^3/uL
2024-02-19 WBC 4.13 x10^3/uL
2024-02-15 WBC 5.56 x10^3/uL
2024-02-23 PLT 48 *10^3/uL
2024-02-21 PLT 78 *10^3/uL
2024-02-19 PLT 102 *10^3/uL
2024-02-15 PLT 184 *10^3/uL
The WBC count has since recovered to 3.45 K/uL; however, the PLT count remains low at 48 K/uL. If the bleeding risk is assessed as high, leukocyte-reduced packed red blood cell (LRP) transfusion may be necessary.
[leukopenia]
Granocyte (lenograstim) was administered on 2024-01-11. Subsequently, the WBC nadir, occurred on 2024-01-18. However, by 2024-01-19, this nadir had resolved, indicating a recovery in WBC count.
[gemcitabine + cisplatin: success might falter as markers surge]
The gemcitabine + cisplatin treatment started on 2023-08-25 and continues, but lab results from 2024-01-09 show record highs for both CEA and CA199 markers. This could potentially indicate developing resistance in the disease.
2024-01-09 CEA (NM) 26.176 ng/ml
2023-12-12 CEA (NM) 18.186 ng/ml
2023-12-05 CEA (NM) 21.272 ng/ml
2023-11-14 CEA (NM) 16.023 ng/ml
2023-11-07 CEA (NM) 19.729 ng/ml
2023-10-24 CEA (NM) 12.994 ng/ml
2023-10-09 CEA (NM) 12.462 ng/ml
2023-09-26 CEA (NM) 7.880 ng/ml
2023-09-19 CEA (NM) 6.288 ng/ml
2023-08-15 CEA (NM) 18.890 ng/ml
2024-01-09 CA-199 (NM) 59.203 U/ml
2023-12-12 CA-199 (NM) 45.760 U/ml
2023-12-05 CA-199 (NM) 51.454 U/ml
2023-11-14 CA-199 (NM) 45.873 U/ml
2023-11-07 CA-199 (NM) 40.871 U/ml
2023-10-24 CA-199 (NM) 42.186 U/ml
2023-10-09 CA-199 (NM) 45.064 U/ml
2023-09-26 CA-199 (NM) 31.407 U/ml
2023-09-19 CA-199 (NM) 33.127 U/ml
2023-08-15 CA-199 (NM) 26.597 U/ml
This patient’s PharmaCloud is currently inaccessible. After reviewing the HIS5 records, no medication reconciliation issues were identified.
[MedRec]
[immunochemotherapy]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
2024-03-05 - paclitaxel 80mg/m2 120mg NS 250mL 3hr
2023-09-06 - cisplatin 30mg/m2 60mg NS 500mL 2hr (Y-sited LV) + leucovorin 300mg/m2 550mg NS 250mL 2hr (Y-sited CDDP) + fluorouracil 2000mg/m2 3600mg NS 160mL 24hr (infusor) (PFL)
2023-07-26 - (PFL)
2023-07-12 - (PFL)
2023-06-14 - (PFL)
2023-05-31 - (PFL)
2023-04-26 - (PFL)
2023-04-12 - (PFL)
2023-03-08 - (PFL)
2023-02-03 - gemcitabine 800mg/m2 1500mg NS 100mL 30min + cisplatin 25mg/m2 45mg NS 500mL 3hr + NS 1500mL (Y-sited) (Gemzar/CDDP)
2023-01-05 - (Gemzar/CDDP)
2022-12-29 - (Gemzar/CDDP)
2022-12-08 - (Gemzar/CDDP)
2022-12-01 - (Gemzar/CDDP)
2022-11-10 - (Gemzar/CDDP)
2022-11-03 - (Gemzar/CDDP)
2022-10-13 - (Gemzar/CDDP)
2022-10-06 - (Gemzar/CDDP)
2022-09-15 - (Gemzar/CDDP)
2022-09-08 - (Gemzar/CDDP)
2022-08-18 - (Gemzar/CDDP)
2022-08-11 - (Gemzar/CDDP)
2022-07-28 - (Gemzar/CDDP)
2022-07-21 - (Gemzar/CDDP)
2022-06-29 - (Gemzar/CDDP)
2022-06-23 - (Gemzar/CDDP)
2022-05-11 - (Gemzar/CDDP)
2022-05-04 - (Gemzar/CDDP)
2022-04-21 - (Gemzar/CDDP)
2022-04-14 - (Gemzar/CDDP)
2022-04-08 - (Gemzar/CDDP)
2021-12-29 - leucovorin 400mg/m2 720mg NS 500mL 2hr + fluorouracil 2600mg/m2 4600mg NS 140mL 22hr (infusor)
2021-12-15
2021-12-01
2021-11-24
2021-11-17
2021-11-03
2021-10-27
2021-10-19
2021-10-05
2021-09-28
2021-08-24
2021-08-10
2021-07-27
2021-07-13
2021-06-29
2021-06-15
2021-06-01
2021-05-11
2021-04-27
2021-04-20
2021-03-30
2021-03-23
2021-03-16
2021-03-02
2021-02-23
2021-02-02
2021-01-26
2021-01-19
2021-01-05
2020-12-29
2020-12-22
2020-12-01
2020-11-24
2020-11-17
2020-11-03
2020-10-27
2020-10-20
2020-09-29
2020-09-08
2020-09-01
2020-08-25
2020-08-11
2020-08-04
2020-07-21
[exam findings]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[no contraindications for subsequent chemotherapy session]
Brain metastases have been addressed with CCRT in 2023Q4. The patient’s recent vital signs are stable, and lab results on 2024-03-19 were unremarkable. There seems to be no contraindication to proceeding with an additional chemotherapy session scheduled on 2024-03-20.
[exam findings]
[exam findings]
[chemotherapy]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
[leukopenia & anemia risks with TPF: management strategies]
The patient’s treatment regimen transitioned to a TPF scheme on 2024-03-11. Carboplatin was substituted for cisplatin due to concerns about impaired renal function. However, leukopenia and anemia was observed after one week of treatment.
Laboratory Findings
2024-03-18 WBC 2.69 x10^3/uL
2024-03-08 WBC 11.41 x10^3/uL
2024-03-18 HGB 7.8 g/dL
2024-03-08 HGB 10.7 g/dL
Literature Review
Treatment Considerations
[exam findings]
2024-02-29 2D transthoracic echocardiography
2023-12-26 Body fluid cytology
2023-12-21 CT - chest
2023-12-19 Body fluid cytology
2023-11-13 Patho - soft tissue debridment
2023-09-07 Patho - breast mastectomy with regional lymph nodes
2023-08-18 CT - chest
2023-04-21 CT - chest
2023-02-02 2D transthoracic echocardiography
2023-01-31 CT - brain
2023-01-10 2D transthoracic echocardiography
2023-01-09 Tc-99m MDP bone scan
2023-01-06 Patho - breast biopsy (Y1)
2023-01-05 CT - chest
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[radiotherapy]
[immunochemotherapy]
[rising CA153 since 2023H2 & malignant pleural effusion: consider pleural tapping]
CA153 levels have been steadily rising since the latter half of 2023. Bevacizumab, paclitaxel, and carboplatin therapy was restarted in late 2023.
The patient has experienced episodes of significant pleural effusion. Cytological analysis of the pleural fluid revealed malignant cells. Pleural tapping may be necessary to remove the fluid.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
2023-12-06 ~ 2024-01-22 - 4500cGy/25 fractions of the pelvic to paraaortic area, and another 1200cGy/3 fraction of the vaginal cuff mucosa surface by IVRT.
[chemotherapy]
[successful tumor marker normalization]
Cisplatin plus RT (early Dec 2023 to late Jan 2024) followed by carboplatin/paclitaxel (since this hospital stay Mar 2024) were applied to this patient. Encouragingly, both CEA and CA125 tumor markers have normalized. Vital signs during this hospitalization and laboratory results from March 18, 2024, showed no significant abnormalities. Additionally, no medication discrepancies were identified.
2024-03-01 CEA (NM) 3.479 ng/ml
2024-02-23 CEA (NM) 5.255 ng/ml
2024-01-19 CEA (NM) 31.623 ng/ml
2024-01-15 CEA (NM) 47.102 ng/ml
2024-01-05 CEA (NM) 70.602 ng/ml
2023-12-26 CEA (NM) 102.115 ng/ml
2023-12-18 CEA (NM) 98.865 ng/ml
2023-12-11 CEA (NM) 84.885 ng/ml
2024-03-01 CA-125 (NM) 14.534 U/ml
2024-02-23 CA-125 (NM) 19.631 U/ml
2024-01-19 CA-125 (NM) 25.216 U/ml
2024-01-15 CA-125 (NM) 37.914 U/ml
2024-01-05 CA-125 (NM) 54.741 U/ml
2023-12-26 CA-125 (NM) 80.554 U/ml
2023-12-18 CA-125 (NM) 73.020 U/ml
2023-12-11 CA-125 (NM) 76.992 U/ml
Throughout this hospitalization, vital signs and lab tests on 2024-03-18, have shown no significant abnormalities. There are also no medication discrepancies identified.
[exam findings]
2024-01-08 Patho - small intestine biopsy
2024-01-08 EGD
2023-12-14 Percutaneous gall bladder drainage
2023-12-14 Patho - pancreas biopsy
2023-12-09 CT - abdomen
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
[Hyperkalemia with Troponin I Increase & Rising Bilirubin]
While Kalimate (calcium polystyrene sulfonate) is being used to manage the hyperkalemia, the rising hs-Troponin I level has prompted consultation with our cardiologist.
2024-03-18 K(Potassium) 5.7 mmol/L
2024-03-18 hs-Troponin I 220.9 pg/mL
2024-03-18 hs-Troponin I 203.9 pg/mL
2024-03-18 hs-Troponin I 195.7 pg/mL
Is a PTCD (percutaneous transhepatic bile duct drainage) revision necessary due to the rising bilirubin level?
All medications on the active medication list can be administered via feeding tube, and no medication discrepancies were identified.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
[monitoring BP for Norvasc dosage adjustments]
Liver function has been deteriorating since mid-April 2024. Norvasc (amlodipine) undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism, with about 90% being converted to inactive metabolites; only 10% of the parent drug and 60% of the metabolites are excreted in the urine. If there are any signs of declining blood pressure in the patient, it is advisable to reduce or temporarily discontinue the dosage of Norvasc.
2024-04-21 Bilirubin total 6.71 mg/dL
2024-04-17 Bilirubin total 4.81 mg/dL
2024-04-03 Bilirubin total 0.31 mg/dL
2024-04-21 Bilirubin direct 4.58 mg/dL
2024-04-03 Bilirubin direct 0.09 mg/dL
2024-04-21 ALT 105 U/L
2024-04-17 ALT 103 U/L
2024-04-03 ALT 12 U/L
2024-03-27 ALT 14 U/L
2024-03-15 ALT 14 U/L
2024-02-29 ALT 13 U/L
2024-02-22 ALT 5 U/L
2024-04-21 AST 66 U/L
2024-04-17 AST 69 U/L
2024-04-03 AST 19 U/L
2024-03-27 AST 19 U/L
2024-03-15 AST 19 U/L
2024-02-29 AST 21 U/L
2024-02-22 AST 15 U/L
[combining atezolizumab with carboplatin and etoposide for ES-SCLC]
In the context of small cell lung cancer with brain metastases, atezolizumab, when combined with carboplatin and etoposide, has been approved for the first-line treatment of adult patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) who have not received prior chemotherapy for extensive stage disease and have an ECOG performance status of 0 or 1. This approval was based on the IMpower133 trial, which demonstrated significant improvements in both overall survival and progression-free survival for patients receiving atezolizumab with chemotherapy compared to those receiving placebo with chemotherapy. (Ref: https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/fda-approves-atezolizumab-extensive-stage-small-cell-lung-cancer)
Given this patient’s brain metastases, the direct applicability of atezolizumab in combination with carboplatin and etoposide under the NHI coverage may be uncertain due to the specific eligibility criteria. However, considering the efficacy of atezolizumab in ES-SCLC, and if the patient’s economic situation allows, it might be worth considering the inclusion of atezolizumab in the treatment regimen.
[reconciliation]
The patient’s vital signs remain stable. However, lab results on 2024-02-22 indicate renal insufficiency. Consequently, the dosage of Keppra (levetiracetam) listed in the active medication list should be adjusted to reflect renal function. The current dose of 500mg BID falls within the recommended range for patients with a CrCl of 50 to 80. No medication discrepancies were identified.
[kidney concerns prompt cisplatin swap: carboplatin steps in]
Despite receiving normal saline hydration 1L before and 1L after each cisplatin dose (reduced to 75mg/m2, standard 100mg/m2), the patient experienced elevations in both serum creatinine and BUN values following initiation of etoposide and cisplatin therapy on 2023-08-21.
2023-12-25 Creatinine 1.70 mg/dL
2023-12-22 Creatinine 2.07 mg/dL
2023-12-01 Creatinine 1.63 mg/dL
2023-11-29 Creatinine 1.91 mg/dL
2023-11-15 Creatinine 1.88 mg/dL
2023-10-31 Creatinine 1.91 mg/dL
2023-10-17 Creatinine 0.88 mg/dL
2023-09-27 Creatinine 1.27 mg/dL
2023-09-18 Creatinine 0.71 mg/dL
2023-08-31 Creatinine 0.78 mg/dL
2023-08-21 Creatinine 0.70 mg/dL
2023-08-14 Creatinine 0.67 mg/dL
2023-08-11 Creatinine 0.62 mg/dL
2023-08-09 Creatinine 0.84 mg/dL
2023-08-08 Creatinine 0.64 mg/dL
2023-08-02 Creatinine 0.80 mg/dL
2023-12-25 BUN 30 mg/dL
2023-12-22 BUN 27 mg/dL
2023-12-01 BUN 37 mg/dL
2023-11-29 BUN 41 mg/dL
2023-11-15 BUN 42 mg/dL
2023-10-31 BUN 46 mg/dL
2023-10-17 BUN 13 mg/dL
2023-09-27 BUN 30 mg/dL
2023-09-18 BUN 14 mg/dL
2023-08-31 BUN 18 mg/dL
2023-08-21 BUN 21 mg/dL
2023-08-14 BUN 17 mg/dL
2023-08-11 BUN 11 mg/dL
2023-08-09 BUN 12 mg/dL
2023-08-08 BUN 12 mg/dL
2023-08-02 BUN 15 mg/dL
To minimize the risk of further kidney damage, considering a switch from cisplatin to carboplatin (AUC 5) in the treatment plan could be beneficial, as carboplatin is known to have less impact on kidney function.
Ref: - Comparison of Carboplatin With Cisplatin in Small Cell Lung Cancer in US Veterans. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Oct 3;5(10):e2237699. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.37699. Erratum in: JAMA Netw Open. 2023 Jan 3;6(1):e2246257. PMID: 36264573; PMCID: PMC9585434. - Etoposide phosphate with carboplatin in the treatment of elderly patients with small-cell lung cancer: a phase II study. Ann Oncol. 2001 Jul;12(7):957-62. doi: 10.1023/a:1011171722175. PMID: 11521802.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
2024-03-15 - rituximab 375mg/m2 700mg NS 500mL 8hr D1 + oxaliplatin 100mg/m2 185mg D5W 500mL 2hr D2 + gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1800mg NS 100mL 30min D2 (R-GemOx)
2024-02-29 - rituximab 375mg/m2 700mg NS 500mL 8hr D1 + oxaliplatin 100mg/m2 185mg D5W 250mL 2hr D2 + gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1800mg NS 100mL 30min D2 (R-GemOx)
2023-08-09 - Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) 120mg ST BI 1hr
2023-08-02 - Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) 120mg ST BI 1hr
2023-07-26 - Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) 120mg ST BI 1hr
2023-07-19 - Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) 120mg ST BI 1hr
2023-07-12 - Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) 120mg ST BI 1hr
2023-07-05 - Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) 120mg ST BI 1hr
2023-06-28 - mitomycin-C 30mg ST BI 1hr
2022-11-30 - mitomycin-C 30mg ST BI 1hr
2022-11-23 - mitomycin-C 30mg ST BI 1hr
2022-11-16 - mitomycin-C 30mg ST BI 1hr
2022-11-09 - mitomycin-C 30mg ST BI 1hr
2022-11-02 - mitomycin-C 30mg ST BI 1hr
2022-10-26 - mitomycin-C 30mg ST BI 1hr
2022-10-07 - mitomycin-C 30mg ST BI 1hr
2022-08-29 - rituximab 375mg/m2 684mg NS 500mL 6hr D1 + cyclophosphamide 750mg/m2 1300mg NS 250mL 30min D2 + liposome doxorubicin 30mg/m2 60mg D5W 500mL 2hr D2 + vincristine 1.4mg/m2 2mg NS 50mL 10min D2 + prednisolone 60mg/m2 25mg PO QID D2-6 (R-CHOP)
2022-08-05 - (R-CHOP)
2022-07-07 - (R-CHOP)
2022-05-30 - (R-CHOP)
2022-05-03 - (R-CHOP)
2023-04-12 - (R-CHOP)
Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin - 2024-03-18 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/intravesical-bacillus-calmette-guerin-drug-information
Mitomycin (intravenous and intravesical) (systemic) - 2024-03-18 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/mitomycin-intravenous-and-intravesical-systemic-drug-information
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[immunochemotherapy]
[underdosed prednisolone in RCOP/RCHOP]
In the R-CHOP regimen, prednisolone may serve several functions including a cytotoxic effect (Ref: Clin Cancer Res (2002) 8 (6): 1681–1694.), anti-inflammatory properties, enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy, and mitigating side effects. A clinical study mentioned in “Clinical Cancer Research” (2002) highlighted the cytotoxic potential of prednisolone.
For this patient, with a height of 172cm and weight of 81kg, resulting in an estimated BSA of approximately 1.97m² (rounded to 2m²), the standard dosage for R-CHOP or R-COP would be 60mg/m² per day. This translates to 120mg daily for this patient. However, during the two cycles of treatment, the patient actually received 60mg daily, which is about 30mg/m², effectively half the standard dosage. This reduced dosage could potentially impact the overall effectiveness of the treatment.
If age is a concern, then all components of the treatment regimen should be proportionally reduced in dosage, not just prednisolone.
[liposomal doxorubicin & cardiomyopathy: baseline echo needed for monitoring]
Doxorubicin (liposomal) can cause heart muscle damage, including a sudden decline in left ventricle function (acute left ventricular failure). The risk of this heart muscle damage (cardiomyopathy) increases to 11% when the total cumulative dose of doxorubicin reaches between 450 and 550 mg/m2.
Cardiomyopathy is defined as a decrease in the resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by more than 20% from baseline (if the baseline LVEF was within the normal range) or a decrease of more than 10% from baseline (if the baseline LVEF was already below the normal range).
A review of HIS5 did not reveal any prior 2D transthoracic echocardiography exams. Therefore, it is highly recommended to perform this test to assess baseline LVEF. Changes in LVEF following treatment will be crucial in detecting potential doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy.
{Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon with uterus invasion, stage pT4bN2bM0, stage IIIC, s/p LAR in 2017, with local regional recurrence s/p concurrent chemoradiotherapy}
[exam findings]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[immunochemotherapy]
### ==========
[rising tumor markers and imaging evidence of disease progression, transitioning to FOLFOX after Xeloda]
Reviewing the records from the past 12 months, both CEA and CA199 markers have shown a notable increase since the 2nd half of 2023. An abdominal CT on 2024-02-21 and a Tc-99m MDP bone scan on 2023-11-21 also indicated disease progression. During this period of disease expansion, the primary treatment utilized was Xeloda (capecitabine).
2024-02-27 CEA 888.53 ng/mL
2024-02-01 CEA 904.19 ng/mL
2024-01-04 CEA 708.40 ng/mL
2023-12-06 CEA 347.79 ng/mL
2023-11-03 CEA 105.08 ng/mL
2023-09-28 CEA 20.97 ng/mL
2023-09-06 CEA 17.02 ng/mL
2023-08-09 CEA 10.16 ng/mL
2023-07-05 CEA 3.04 ng/mL
2023-06-07 CEA 1.66 ng/mL
2023-05-10 CEA 1.42 ng/mL
2023-04-12 CEA 1.08 ng/mL
2023-03-15 CEA 1.05 ng/mL
2024-02-27 CA199 968.66 U/mL
2024-02-01 CA199 760.08 U/mL
2024-01-04 CA199 618.76 U/mL
2023-12-06 CA199 340.52 U/mL
2023-11-03 CA199 144.03 U/mL
2023-09-28 CA199 35.74 U/mL
2023-09-06 CA199 32.93 U/mL
2023-08-09 CA199 27.84 U/mL
2023-07-05 CA199 25.02 U/mL
2023-06-07 CA199 26.37 U/mL
2023-05-10 CA199 24.48 U/mL
2023-04-12 CA199 25.50 U/mL
2023-03-15 CA199 27.99 U/mL
Since being admitted, the patient has been administered FOLFOX on 2024-03-14. Lab data from the same day showed normal liver and kidney function, posing no contraindications to the medication and not necessitating any dosage adjustments.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
2023-11-22 Hemato-Oncology
2023-11-13 Rehabilitation
2023-11-09 Rheumatology and Immunology
2023-11-08 Hemato-Oncology
2023-11-08 Anesthesia
2023-11-05 Neurosurgery
2023-11-05 Neurology
[medication]
ciclosporin 100mg 1# TID PO 2024-02-16 ~ IPD Thymoglobuline 150mg QD IVD 2024-02-24 ~ 2024-02-27 4D
Treatment of aplastic anemia in adults - 2024-03-21 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-aplastic-anemia-in-adults
[TDM: proactive reduction of ciclosporin to prevent toxicity]
Since being admitted on 2024-02-16, the patient has been on “Sandimmun Neoral (ciclosporin 100mg) 1# TID”. The trough concentration on 2024-03-05 was 290 ng/mL, and it increased to 368 ng/mL by 2024-03-13. Continuing this trend without reducing the dosage could potentially result in levels exceeding the recommended upper limit of 400 ng/mL next week. Therefore, it’s suggested to decrease the current daily dosage of 300 mg to either 250 mg or 275 mg.
[ciclosporin TDM: acceptable result despite non-ideal blood draw timing (no dosage change)]
The patient is taking Sandimmun Neoral (ciclosporin 100mg) 1# TID.
The TDM for ciclosporin on 2024-03-05 in HIS5 showed that the blood draw time was recorded as 04:21 and the drug administration time was recorded as 09:35, a difference of several hours. Ideally, the trough concentration should be drawn within half an hour before the next administration. The current value is 290 ng/mL, and it should still be within a reasonable range after about 5 hours. Therefore, there is no special dosage adjustment recommended.
Cyclosporine (ciclosporin) trough level target for aplastic anemia:
[blood transfusion safety: recognizing and preventing complications]
Hypocalcemia is observed:
Multiple transfusion complications can arise during or after a blood transfusion:
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
Chemotherapy regimens for small cell lung cancer: Cisplatin (80 mg/m2) plus etoposide - 2024-03-15 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=ONC%2F66855
Chemotherapy regimens for chemotherapy-naïve extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: Carboplatin plus etoposide - 2024-03-15 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=ONC%2F75586
[assessing treatment efficacy with chest CT follow-up, dose adjustment strategies for cisplatin and etoposide in renal decline]
The patient’s renal function appears to be on a gradual decline, with the eGFR dropping to the 50s, potentially due to the administration of cisplatin. Continuous monitoring of renal function changes is advised.
Chest CT scans from 2024-01-11 indicate that the current cisplatin-etoposide treatment regimen remains effective.
2024-03-14 Creatinine 1.31 mg/dL
2024-02-26 Creatinine 1.45 mg/dL
2024-02-15 Creatinine 1.03 mg/dL
2024-01-22 Creatinine 1.15 mg/dL
2024-01-10 Creatinine 0.87 mg/dL
2023-12-20 Creatinine 0.80 mg/dL
2024-03-14 eGFR 59.32 ml/min/1.73m^2
2024-02-26 eGFR 52.94 ml/min/1.73m^2
2024-02-15 eGFR 78.56 ml/min/1.73m^2
2024-01-22 eGFR 69.18 ml/min/1.73m^2
2024-01-10 eGFR 95.46 ml/min/1.73m^2
2023-12-20 eGFR 105.16 ml/min/1.73m^2
For cisplatin, when the CrCl is between 50 and less than 60, it is recommended to administer 75% of the usual dose specific to the indication. For etoposide, when CrCl is between 15 to 50, 75% of the dose should be administered.
If there is a continued decline in renal function, consideration may be given to substituting cisplatin with carboplatin (administered at AUC 5 on day 1).
No instances of hyponatremia have been observed since Oct 2023. During the current hospitalization, vital signs have remained stable and lab findings on 2024-02-15 were unremarkable. No medication discrepancies were identified.
Hyponatremia is noted. The serum sodium levels in this patient over the past three months have been documented as follows:
2023-09-18 Na (Sodium) 113 mmol/L 2023-09-17 Na (Sodium) 114 mmol/L 2023-09-16 Na (Sodium) 116 mmol/L 2023-09-15 Na (Sodium) 113 mmol/L 2023-09-14 Na (Sodium) 106 mmol/L 2023-09-14 Na (Sodium) 105 mmol/L 2023-09-13 Na (Sodium) 101 mmol/L 2023-08-31 Na (Sodium) 122 mmol/L 2023-08-27 Na (Sodium) 126 mmol/L 2023-08-24 Na (Sodium) 111 mmol/L
Hyponatremia, with some cases being severe (sodium <120 mmol/L), has been associated with tramadol use. Although it is less likely that the current case of hyponatremia is due to Tramacet 0.5# Q6H, which was initiated on 2023-09-13, well after the onset of hyponatremia, it would be prudent to hold tramadol-containing medications and monitor the patient’s sodium levels for several days.
[exam findings]
[alternative medicine]
Sinbisol (bisoprolol hemifumarate 5mg) 1# => Concor (bisoprolol fumarate 5mg) 1# Atorin (atorvastatin calcium 10mg) 1# => Atotin (atorvastatin calcium 20mg) 0.5#
[SCC: lung nodules & enlarged nodes, negative tumor markers & normal labs]
This patient has been diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma through tissue biopsy, and a chest CT revealed lung nodules, changes in airflow, and enlarged lymph nodes. The patient’s regular use of Bokey (aspirin) has been temporarily halted for the scheduled examinations.
There is no evidence of HBV or HCV infection. The tumor markers AFP, CEA, CA125, and CA153 are all within normal ranges. Lab data from 2024-03-15 showed no significant findings.
No detection of medication problems.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[navigating erlotinib side effects with nincort oral gel, MASCC/ISOO guidelines on oral mucositis]
An EGFR mutation test conducted on 2024-01-11 identified a point mutation at exon 21 (L858R) of the EGFR gene in specimen S2024-596. Tarceva (erlotinib 150mg) was administered QDAC, from 2024-01-30 to 2024-02-07 for a duration of 9 days, and again from 2024-02-23 to 2024-02-29 for 7 days. Ramucirumab was not used concurrently with erlotinib.
Erlotinib is known to be associated with stomatitis in 17% of cases, with less than 1% experiencing grade 3 severity. The use of Nincort Oral Gel (triamcinolone acetonide, available in stock now) might provide relief for this side effect.
Additionally, the oral supplementation of glutamine (WellCare store on B1 level may sell it) could also be considered. The updated 2020 guidelines from the MASCC/ISOO for the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis recommend the use of oral glutamine for preventing oral mucositis in individuals with head and neck cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy, although no recommendation is made for other patient groups. (Ref: MASCC/ISOO clinical practice guidelines for the management of mucositis secondary to cancer therapy. Cancer. 2020 Oct 1;126(19):4423-4431. doi: 10.1002/cncr.33100. Epub 2020 Jul 28. Erratum in: Cancer. 2021 Oct 1;127(19):3700.)
[lab data]
2023-09-30 Anti-HBc Nonreactive
2023-09-30 Anti-HBc Value 0.08 S/CO
2023-09-30 Anti-HBs 0.17 mIU/mL
2023-09-30 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-09-30 HBsAg Value 0.39 S/CO
2023-09-30 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-09-30 Anti-HCV Value 0.08 S/CO
2023-07-03 CA125 158.1 U/mL
2023-02-15 CA125 107.4 U/mL
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[assessing DIC risk in the context of elevated NT-proBNP and D-dimer levels]
The sputum Gram stain performed on 2024-03-13, did not provide a clear indication of the infection source. Results from the blood culture and urine culture, both ordered on 2024-03-12, are still pending.
Despite the unremarkable CXR taken on 2024-03-12 in the supine position for the patient’s SOB, she has been started on Tapimycin (piperacillin/tazobactam) as an empirical treatment.
Thrombocytopenia with hypofibrinogenemia while elevated NT-proBNP and D-dimer were evident with recent lab results.
The combination of thrombocytopenia, low fibrinogen, elevated D-dimer, and elevated NT-proBNP could suggest a complex clinical picture possibly involving ‘cardiac stress’ (as indicated by NT-proBNP) and a ‘hypercoagulable state’ or ‘coagulopathy’ (as indicated by the coagulation abnormalities). The presence of both thrombocytopenia and coagulation abnormalities might raise suspicion for DIC. This can consume platelets and clotting factors, leading to bleeding. The elevated NT-proBNP suggests that there could be a ‘cardiac component’ to the patient’s condition, such as acute coronary syndrome, especially if there are clinical symptoms like shortness of breath.
Here are 3 titles focusing on the declining kidney function:
[monitor closely as kidney function declines]
The patient’s kidney function is decreasing, but Tapimycin (piperacillin/tazobactam) dose adjustment isn’t needed at this time.
2024-03-12 Creatinine 1.48 mg/dL
2024-02-27 Creatinine 1.00 mg/dL
2024-02-19 Creatinine 0.98 mg/dL
2024-03-12 eGFR 39.21 ml/min/1.73m^2
2024-02-27 eGFR 61.64 ml/min/1.73m^2
2024-02-19 eGFR 63.10 ml/min/1.73m^2
[low Mg detected, MgSO4 IVD started & high glucose]
Lab on 2024-02-19 showed Mg 1.4 mg/dL, indicating hypomagnesemia, MgSO4 IVD is in use since 2024-02-20 with no discrepancy.
Blood glucose 331 mg/dL on 2024-02-20 05:07, regular insulin could be considered to mitigate the hyperglycemia.
[hypomagnesemia detected]
The eGFR has improved to 62, and cisplatin continues to be included in the treatment regimen.
On 2024-01-28, serum magnesium was measured at 1.5 mg/dL, prompting the administration of magnesium sulfate injection. Apart from hypomagnesemia, other laboratory findings and vital signs are grossly within normal limits, with no issues detected.
[declining eGFR: consider carboplatin over cisplatin]
This is the patient’s initial administration of paclitaxel alongside cisplatin. There is a potential for additive myelosuppressive effects, so it’s important to closely monitor the patient’s CBC and WBC DC for at least three weeks following the treatment.
On 2024-01-04, the patient’s eGFR of 56.41 confirmed a decrease in renal function. Given this decline trend and no contraindications, it is recommended to use carboplatin as a substitute for cisplatin.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
[Granocyte intervention for chemotherapy-induced leukopenia]
Lab WBC level change:
The patient has been undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) since early to mid-January 2024, receiving radiotherapy from 2024-01-23 to 2024-03-08. The treatment included 4500 cGy in 25 fractions targeting the pelvic area and 5040 cGy in 28 fractions focused on the rectal tumor bed area. Additionally, a 4-day regimen of 5-FU commenced on 2024-01-24 and was repeated on 2024-02-22.
Chronologically, the nadir in the WBC count occurred approximately in the end of the third week following the initiation of chemotherapy, suggesting the possibility of leukopenia induced by the chemotherapeutic agents. A 3-day prescription of Granocyte (lenograstim) has been issued to manage this condition.
[tube feeding for Takepron (lansoprazole)]
For tube feeding, using a simple suspension method is recommended for Takepron (lansoprazole). Here’s how to do it:
Here are some additional tips:
[exam findings] (not completed)
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[lab data]
2024-03-08 HBV DNA PCR 25900000 IU/mL
2024-03-08 HBeAg Nonreactive
2024-03-08 HBeAg(Value) 0.382 S/CO
2024-03-05 EBV DNA PCR 52 IU/mL
2024-03-01 HIV Ab-EIA Nonreactive
2024-03-01 Anti-HIV Value 0.06 S/CO
2024-03-01 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2024-03-01 Anti-HCV Value 0.11 S/CO
2024-03-01 HBsAg Reactive
2024-03-01 HBsAg Value 5099.41 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[immunochemotherapy]
[newly diagnosed double/triple-hit DLBCL (GCB): R-COP initiated]
This patient was recently diagnosed with double/triple-hit DLBCL (germinal center B-cell subtype) with the following markers:
She is currently admitted for the first cycle of the R-COP regimen.
Calglon (calcium gluconate) injection is being administered to treat hypocalcemia (2.03 mmol/L on 2024-03-11). Vemlidy (tenofovir alafenamide) is being used to manage reactive HBsAg detected on 2024-03-01. No medication discrepancies were identified.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[lab data]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[FOLFIRI effective: CEA & CA199 decline]
Following the initiation of FOLFIRI on 2024-01-22, lab data have shown a decline in both CEA and CA199 tumor markers.
2024-03-05 CEA (NM) 10.030 ng/ml 2024-02-06 CEA (NM) 21.741 ng/ml 2023-12-30 CEA 22.66 ng/mL
2024-03-05 CA-199 (NM) 102.515 U/ml 2024-02-06 CA-199 (NM) 180.080 U/ml 2024-01-09 CA-199 (NM) 267.800 U/ml
Baraclude (entecavir) has been administered for positive HBsAg/Anti-HBc, with no discrepancies in medication identified.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
[platelet count monitoring & transfusion thresholds for bleeding prevention]
Lab data showed that the patient’s platelet count has been consistently below the reference range since 2023Q4. The patient was initially treated with bevacizumab, gemcitabine, and cisplatin in 2023Q4. Cisplatin was replaced with carboplatin in 2024-02.
Prophylactic platelet transfusion is recommended to prevent spontaneous bleeding in most afebrile patients with platelet counts <10K/uL due to bone marrow suppression. This is consistent with a 2023 guideline from the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis.
For patients with fever, infection, or inflammation, a platelet count ≤15K to 20K/uL is generally recommended due to the increased risk of bleeding.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
First-line chemotherapy for advanced (stage III or IV) epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer - 2024-03-08 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/first-line-chemotherapy-for-advanced-stage-iii-or-iv-epithelial-ovarian-fallopian-tube-and-peritoneal-cancer
[electrolyte correction (K & Mg) & paclitaxel monitoring]
Hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia are now managed with Const-K tablets and MgSO4 injection, other lab results on 2024-03-07 are unremarkable.
While paclitaxel offers a reduced risk of myelosuppression compared to docetaxel, it is associated with a higher incidence of neuropathy, myalgias, and weakness. Conversely, docetaxel carries a greater risk of neutropenia, hypersensitivity reactions, and nausea and vomiting compared to paclitaxel.
As paclitaxel is currently being administered, be vigilant for the following
[tumors have decreased in size]
On 2023-10-30, a gynecologic ultrasound revealed a large pelvic mass measuring 202 mm x 79 mm. A debulking surgery performed on 2023-11-06 confirmed the tumor to be high-grade serous adenocarcinoma. Following this, a regimen of paclitaxel and carboplatin was initiated on 2023-11-22, with the third cycle administered during this hospitalization on 2024-01-05. Subsequent gynecologic ultrasounds on 2023-12-06 and 2023-12-20 showed a reduction in the size of the pelvic mass to 97 x 40 mm and 63 x 31 mm, and then to 67 x 33 mm and 37 x 25 mm, respectively, indicating a decrease in size.
The patient, with an ECOG Performance Status of 0, had lab results that were generally normal as of 2024-01-01. Currently, access to the patient’s PharmaCloud records is unavailable. However, a review of HIS5 records revealed no discrepancies in medication.
[exam findings]
[chemoimmunotherapy]
R-DHAP (Rituximab, dexamethasone, high dose cytarabine, cisplatin) - DLBCL Salvage regimens - 2023-06-13 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/diffuse-large-b-cell-lymphoma-dlbcl-suspected-first-relapse-or-refractory-disease-in-medically-fit-patients
R-DHAP - Cisplatin, Cytarabine and Dexamethasone +/- Rituximab - ref https://www.england.nhs.uk/south/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2018/11/RDHAP.pdf
R-CHOP/R-DHAP (Rituximab + Cyclophosphamide + Doxorubicin + Vincristine + Prednisone + Dexamethasone + Cytarabine + Cisplatin) is a Chemotherapy Regimen for Lymphoma, Mantle Cell - 2023-06-13 https://www.chemoexperts.com/rchop-rdhap-mcl.html
R-CHOP
R-DHAP
Goals of therapy:
Schedule
Side Effects (omitted, please refer to the original document)
Monitoring (omitted, please refer to the original document)
Regimen Reference Order - LYMP - R-CHOP alternating with R-DHAP - 2023-10-24 - https://www.cancercare.mb.ca/export/sites/default/For-Health-Professionals/.galleries/files/treatment-guidelines-rro-files/regimen-reference-orders/lymphoproliferative-disorders/LYMP-R-CHOP-alternating-with-R-DHAP.pdf
R-ESHAP (rituximab, etoposide, methylprednisolone, cytarabine, cisplatin) - 2024-03-08 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/diffuse-large-b-cell-lymphoma-dlbcl-suspected-first-relapse-or-refractory-disease-in-patients-who-are-medically-fit
Mesna: Drug information - 2024-03-08 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/mesna-drug-information
[ensuring precise timing in mesna and cyclophosphamide dosing]
Cyclophosphamide, at a dosage of 2900 mg, is planned for administration on 2024-08-09 and 2024-08-10.
To mitigate the risk of cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis, it is advised to administer at least 580 mg of mesna (20% of the daily cyclophosphamide dose) for three doses. Mesna should be given 15 to 30 minutes before cyclophosphamide (hour 0), and then 4 and 8 hours post-cyclophosphamide administration.
As of now, a mesna regimen of 690 mg, initiated on 2024-03-09 for two days with three repeat prescriptions, has been noted in the active medication list. It is imperative to ensure that the primary nursing staff administers the medication precisely as recommended, adhering to the specified timing.
[reconciliation]
Per the PharmaCloud records, the patient hasn’t attended any medical consultations at different hospitals recently, only having appointments with a hematologist/oncologist at the present hospital. Also, there appear to be no inconsistencies in the medication records.
[R-CHOP/R-DHAP - dose adjustment for renal impairment]
The treatment initiated in 2023-04, alternating between R-CHOP and R-DHAP, appears to be yielding positive results. A PET scan from 2023-09-21, shows a reduction in the intensity of previously identified FDG avid lesions across various lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm. Additionally, there’s a noticeable decrease in FDG uptake in specific areas of the right lung, indicating a partial response to the therapy.
However, lab data over the past 6 months reveals a concerning trend: the patient’s eGFR has been on a notable decline, with recent measurements approximately half of what they were initially.
If the patient’s renal function continues to decline, it might be necessary to consider dose adjustments for certain elements within the R-CHOP/R-DHAP regimen. The following are the recommended modifications:
Lab data:
Regimen administered:
The patient, who has been diagnosed with mantle cell lymphoma, is currently receiving an alternating regimen of R-CHOP and R-DHAP. The most recent cycle of R-CHOP began on 2023-06-19, and the latest cycle of R-DHAP just started today on 2023-07-11.
The lowest point of the patient’s white blood cell count (nadir) occurred on 2023-07-04, when it was recorded at 2.16K/uL. On both 2023-07-04 and 2023-07-06, the patient was administered a dose of Granocyte (lenograstim 250ug). The white blood cell count has significantly recovered by 2023-07-11, reaching 9.14K/uL, which should not hinder the delivery of the R-DHAP regimen.
Lab data revealed an episode of leukopenia on 2023-06-08 with a WBC of 1.3K/uL. This was managed with a consecutive 3 day course of Granocyte (lenograstim 250ug). The leukopenia is believed to be related to the R-DHAP treatment administered on 2023-05-24, approximately 2 weeks prior to the identified episode. In addition, the first administration of R-CHOP on 2023-04-20 also resulted in a decrease in the WBC count, which reached its lowest level on 2023-05-02. Currently, the patient is not experiencing leukopenia. Instead, he is experiencing leukocytosis.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[reconciliation]
On 2024-03-04, the patient replenished a 28-day stock of omeprazole, mosapride, Vitamin B12, and nicametate, prescribed by Taipei City Hospital. Currently, according to the PharmaCloud database. Vitamin B12 and mosapride are not being administered to the patient.
[post-transfusion HGB monitoring: additional LPRBC transfusion might be necessary for ongoing symptoms]
HGB level on 2024-03-07, was 7.9 g/dL following a blood transfusion on 2024-03-06. If the patient remains symptomatic, consideration for further LPRBC transfusion may be necessary.
{Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, stage IV, with bilateral lung and adrenal gland metastasis. triple hit, IPI:4}
[diagnosis] - 2022-08-04 Discharge diagnosis
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
2024-03-04 Infectious Disease
2023-09-06 Cardiology
2023-08-26 Infectious Disease
2023-06-06 Rehabilitation
2023-05-31 Chest Medicine
2023-05-24 Urology
2023-05-19 Dermatology
2023-05-15 Infectious Disease
2023-05-13 Anesthesia
2023-02-13 Vascular Surgery
2023-02-13 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
2022-11-21 Vascular Surgery
2022-08-01 Colorectal Surgery
2022-08-01 Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery
2022-06-24 Gastroenterology
2022-06-23 Hemato-Oncology
2022-06-20 Anesthesiology
2022-06-20 ENT
2022-06-16 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
2022-06-16 ENT
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
R-ESHAP - 2024-03-04 - https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancer-in-general/treatment/cancer-drugs/drugs/r-eshap
R-CVP - 2024-03-04 - http://nssg.oxford-haematology.org.uk/lymphoma/documents/lymphoma-chemo-protocols/L-82-r-cvp.pdf
G-CSF
[Zinforo for MRSA+ synovial fluid: debridement & synovectomy done (stable vitals)]
The results of the synovial fluid aerobic culture, sampled on 2024-03-02 and reported on 2024-03-06, indicated a 2+ presence of S. aureus (MRSA), with susceptibility to vancomycin (SIR S) and a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 1 µg/mL.
The patient is currently receiving Zinforo (ceftaroline) 600 mg IVD Q12H, which is effective against MRSA. (Ref: Ceftaroline: A New Cephalosporin with Activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Clin Med Rev Ther. 2011 Feb 10;3:a2466. doi: 10.4137/CMRT.S1637.)
Debridement and synovectomy surgery was carried out on 2024-03-06. Currently, the patient’s vital signs are stable.
[septic arthritis: elevated synovial fluid WBC, pending cultures, uncertain antibiotic duration]
WBC count in synovial fluid on 2024-03-02 was 14.5K/uL (reference < 200).
Septic arthritis is suspected for this patient. Blood cultures, urine cultures, and both aerobic and anaerobic cultures were obtained on 2024-03-02 and are currently pending results. Empirical antibiotic therapy with Tapimycin (piperacillin/tazobactam) has been initiated on the same day.
Management of confirmed septic arthritis typically involves both joint drainage and antibiotic therapy. Joint drainage is crucial due to the presence of a closed abscess within the joint. (Ref: 2024-03-04 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/septic-arthritis-in-adults)
While there isn’t conclusive evidence from randomized trials, initial antibiotic therapy should broadly cover the most likely causative pathogens. Additionally, the optimal duration of antibiotic treatment for septic arthritis remains unclear.
Zinforo (ceftaroline fosamil 600mg) Q12H IVD might be tried for the patient’s septic arthritis.
[assessment - Improvement in WBC Count Trend Observed]
[preparation and administration of mesna]
Mesna can be dissolved in 0.9% normal saline (NS) or 5% dextrose in water (D5W).
As the patient weighs 60kg, the scheduled (since 2023-02-21) dose of mesna is 12mg/kg, which means that 720mg of mesna should be dissolved in the aforementioned solvent no less than 50mL (final concentration no more than 20 mg/mL).
To ensure optimal administration, it is recommended that the injection lasts for no less than 30 minutes.
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
2024-03-04 - Faslodex (fulvestrant) 500mg IM
2024-01-08 - Faslodex (fulvestrant) 500mg IM
2023-12-11 - Faslodex (fulvestrant) 500mg IM
2023-03-13 ~ 2024-03-07 ongoing - Ibrance (palbociclib 100mg) 1# QD
2017-02-15 ~ 2023-12-15 - Femara (letrozole 2.5mg) 1# QD
Prolia (denosumab) 60mg SC Q6M on 2023-11-27, 2023-05-22
Zobonic (zoledronic acid) 4mg IVD on 2024-01-22, 2023-11-13, -10-16, -09-25, -08-28, -07-31, -05-08, -03-01
Fulvestrant - 2024-03-07 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/fulvestrant-drug-information
Palbociclib - 2024-03-07 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/palbociclib-drug-information
[mitigating hematologic toxicity in hormonal and targeted therapy: neutropenia risk with palbociclib]
The aromatase inhibitor Femara (letrozole) was administered from 2017-02 to 2023-12. The CDK4/6 inhibitor Ibrance (palbociclib) was introduced in 2023-03, and monthly treatments with the estrogen receptor antagonist Faslodex (fulvestrant) commenced as a replacement for letrozole since 2023-12.
Since 2023, there have been only 6 recorded instances of WBC levels, with the patient frequently experiencing leukopenia:
WBC levels were notably low (< 2K/uL) starting from 2023-12 recently, potentially influenced by fulvestrant. Literature indicates fulvestrant’s adverse reactions include leukopenia (≤5%; grade 3: 1%; grade 4: 1%) and neutropenia (2%; grade 3: 1%; grade 4: <1%), rates that are relatively low compared to chemotherapeutic drugs, making fulvestrant a less likely cause.
Palbociclib, however, has a significantly higher incidence of neutropenia (80% to 83%; grade 3: 55% to 56%; grade 4: 10% to 11%) and has been in use since 2023-03, aligning with the period of observed low WBC levels, suggesting a greater impact from this medication.
Neutropenia, including grades 3 and 4, was commonly observed in clinical studies among patients taking palbociclib, with the median duration of ≥ grade 3 neutropenia lasting 7 days. Febrile neutropenia and neutropenic sepsis have also been reported. Neutropenia is rapidly reversible upon discontinuation of palbociclib.
The patient, being non-white and of Asian ethnicity, aligns with these risk factors. Despite the recommended palbociclib dosage being 125 mg once daily for 21 days followed by a 7-day break in a 28-day cycle, the patient has been receiving a lower dose of 100 mg daily. Given this reduced dosage, further lowering is not advised to maintain therapeutic efficacy. Consideration may be given to using G-CSF to mitigate symptoms.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[Consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[considering a new MRI and reassessing the need for clopidogrel]
The decreasing CA125 levels indicate the efficacy of the treatment. The most recent MRI, conducted in 2023-10, is now 6 months old and could potentially be updated.
In the absence of recent d-dimer data and with PLT levels declining but still within the normal range, there seems to be no justification for the continued use of Plavix (clopidogrel). It may be prudent to reassess the necessity of this medication at this time.
2024-03-06 PLT 277 *10^3/uL
2024-02-01 PLT 322 *10^3/uL
2024-01-08 PLT 459 *10^3/uL
2023-12-08 D-dimer >10000 ng/mL(FEU)
2023-11-28 D-dimer >10000 ng/mL(FEU)
2023-11-10 D-dimer >10000 ng/mL(FEU)
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
[check if iron sufficient]
In the CheckMate 649 trial, nivolumab was administered at a dosage of 360mg Q3W or 240mg Q2W, alongside the investigator’s choice of chemotherapy. Since 2023-09-04, nivolumab plus FOLFOX has been initiated with a reduced nivolumab dosage of 200 mg at intervals of 3 or 4 weeks in clinical practice. Given that nivolumab is not covered by the National Health Insurance and requires self-payment, administering the full dosage could impose a significant financial burden on the patient. Using a dosage lower than that specified in the trial protocol might result in a less optimal effect than the outcomes observed in the CheckMate 649 trial.
Aside from slight tachycardia observed in the vital signs, laboratory data (2024-03-05) remained largely within normal ranges.
The patient underwent gastrectomy on 2023-07-24. Post-gastrectomy, the absence of intrinsic factor - a protein essential for vitamin B12 absorption produced by the stomach - necessitates the use of B-Red (hydroxocobalamin).
Furthermore, iron deficiency anemia is a common complication following gastrectomy due to diminished iron absorption. Assessing the body’s iron stores is recommended to determine the need for iron supplementation.
[hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia]
Lab data:
KCl and MgSO4 were given intravenously to treat hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia without any problems.
Lab results from 2023-10-18 indicated Ca 1.68 mmol/L, Albumin 2.8 g/dL. An estimated corrected serum calcium of 7.7 mg/dL, equivalent to 1.9 mmol/L, which is still beneath the normal range. Considering calcium and albumin supplements could be an optional course of action.
[severe delayed vomiting]
Severe vomiting persisted after the previous chemotherapy session (from 2023-09-04 to 2023-09-06), became intolerable, and led the patient to seek emergency care at our hospital on 2023-09-14. This type of vomiting is likely post-chemotherapy delayed vomiting.
For chemotherapy-induced delayed vomiting, NK-1 receptor antagonists (NK-1 RAs) may be preferred over 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (5-HT3 RAs). NK-1 RAs inhibit the effects of substance P, a neurotransmitter involved in vomiting, especially during the delayed phase. While 5-HT3 RAs block serotonin receptors and are most effective in the acute phase.
A study published in BMC Cancer found that the prolonged use of an NK-1 RA (fosaprepitant) in addition to a 5-HT3 RA and dexamethasone was more effective in preventing delayed Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) compared to a regular dosage. The study showed a statistically significant lower incidence of nausea and slightly lower incidence of grade 1 vomiting in the delayed phase. Ref: https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-023-11070-3
Our hospital stocks Akynzeo, which includes netupitant, the NK-1 RA with the longest half-life at 96 hours.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[aplastic anemia during pregnancy]
Epstein-Barr virus infection (no test result yet), seronegative hepatitis (AST 60, ALT 93 on 2024-03-04) are reported associating aplastic anemia.
It is suggested (Ref: Aplastic anemia during pregnancy: a review of obstetric and anesthetic considerations. Int J Womens Health. 2018 Feb 28;10:117-125. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S149683):
Lab results from 2024-01-25 indicated WBC 4K, HGB 9.9, PLT 61K, compared to previous results on 2023-10-30 with WBC 10.3K, HGB at 12.4, and PLT at 191K. This could suggest the development of bone marrow hypoplasia over the recent months.
An elevated level of anti-TPO, like 4881 U/ml in this case (2023-10-30), can indicate the presence of autoimmune thyroiditis, also known as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
2024-03-04 - nivolumab 200mg NS 100mL 1hr + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 120mg D5W 250mL 2hr + leucovorin 400mg/m2 500mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 3000mg NS 500mL 46hr (Opdivo + FOLFOX, Q2W. He JingLiang)
2024-02-15 - nivolumab 200mg NS 100mL 1hr + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 120mg D5W 250mL 2hr + leucovorin 400mg/m2 500mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 3000mg NS 500mL 46hr (Opdivo + FOLFOX, Q2W. He JingLiang)
2024-01-18 - nivolumab 200mg NS 100mL 1hr + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 120mg D5W 250mL 2hr + leucovorin 400mg/m2 500mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 3000mg NS 500mL 46hr (Opdivo + FOLFOX, Q2W. He JingLiang)
2024-01-03 - nivolumab 200mg NS 100mL 1hr + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 100mg D5W 250mL 2hr + leucovorin 400mg/m2 500mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 3000mg NS 500mL 46hr (Opdivo + FOLFOX, Q2W. He JingLiang)
2023-12-18 - nivolumab 200mg NS 100mL 1hr + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 100mg D5W 250mL 2hr + leucovorin 400mg/m2 500mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 3000mg NS 500mL 46hr (Opdivo + FOLFOX, Q2W. He JingLiang)
2023-12-01 - nivolumab 2mg/kg 100mg NS 100mL 1hr (Wu ChaoQun)
2023-11-23 - [oxaliplatin 300mg/m2 425mg + mitomycin-C 15mg/m2 21mg] IP 1hr (HIPEC. Wu ChaoQun)
[positive imaging response to Opdivo + FOLFOX in gastric cancer; stability of vital signs and lab results during treatment]
The most recent imaging study, an abdominal CT conducted on 2024-02-16, revealed: 1) Suspected partial or complete response to chemotherapy/treatment (C/T) in adenocarcinoma located in the stomach’s antrum; 2) Suspected partial response in both regional and non-regional metastatic nodes following chemotherapy/treatment. These findings suggest that the Opdivo + FOLFOX regimen remains effective, as supported by the imaging results.
Throughout the duration of this hospital stay, the patient’s vital signs have been stable, and laboratory results as of 2024-03-04 were predominantly within normal ranges. No discrepancies in medication were noted.
[reconciliation]
An abdominal CT scan performed on 2024-02-16 demonstrated a partial response of the signet-ring cell gastric cancer to the current treatment regimen of nivolumab plus FOLFOX. Vital signs remained stable throughout this hospitalization, and lab findings on 2024-02-15 were generally within normal limits. No medication discrepancies were identified.
[nivolumab dosing recommendations for gastric cancer: optimization based on clinical research]
Clinical Evidence:
Optimizing Treatment Efficacy:
Ref: - First-line nivolumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for advanced gastric, gastro-oesophageal junction, and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (CheckMate 649): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2021 Jul 3;398(10294):27-40. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00797-2. Epub 2021 Jun 5. PMID: 34102137; PMCID: PMC8436782).
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
[ketone elevation: starvation versus diabetes; significant weight loss]
The patient presented to our emergency department with chest pain and tightness on 2024-03-04, resulting in the drainage of approximately 1000 mL of pleural effusion. The Gram stain of the pleural effusion did not reveal any organisms. Brosym (cefoperazone, sulbactam) is currently being administered, with additional culture results awaited.
Recent urine analysis indicated elevated ketone levels, which in the context of this patient’s condition, could be attributed to:
Lab data:
2024-03-05 Urine KET 2+
2024-03-04 Urine KET 2+
2024-02-05 Urine KET 1+
2024-01-01 Urine KET 2+
2023-12-25 Urine KET 3+
2023-11-25 Urine KET -
2024-03-04 Glucose (serum) 219 mg/dL
2024-03-04 Glucose (serum) 222 mg/dL
2024-02-18 Glucose (serum) 163 mg/dL
2024-02-05 Glucose (serum) 174 mg/dL
2023-12-25 Glucose (serum) 328 mg/dL
2023-12-21 Glucose (serum) 272 mg/dL
2023-11-25 Glucose (serum) 218 mg/dL
On 2023-09-12, the patient’s weight was recorded at 58kg, which decreased significantly by more than 10kg to 45kg by 2024-02-20 over a span of 5 months. It is imperative to address the patient’s nutritional status. The patient is currently on TPN.
The addition of insulin might be beneficial to achieve better control of serum glucose.
[responding to a glucose surge with insulin regulation]
A significant increase in serum glucose was observed, spiking to 310 mg/dL at 10:38 on 2024-02-19 from 166 mg/dL on 2024-02-18. Regular insulin has been administered since 2024-02-18. It may be necessary to adjust the dosage of regular insulin upward if the elevated glucose levels are not adequately controlled.
[managing benzodiazepine overdose with flumazenil]
Lab findings from the urine analysis confirmed benzodiazepine toxicity.
Flumazenil-hameln (at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml in a 5 ml ampoule, available now in this hospital) is indicated for the treatment of benzodiazepine overdose. The initial intravenous dose is 0.2 mg administered over 2 minutes; if the desired level of consciousness is not achieved within 1 minute following the initial dose, an additional 0.2 mg may be administered at 1-minute intervals, up to a total of four times. The typical cumulative dosage ranges from 0.6 to 1 mg, with a maximum cumulative dose of 1 mg.
[more pain meds or hospice: addressing patient’s pain-driven death wish]
Based on the psychosomatic medicine consultation, the patient’s desire for death seems to stem from uncontrolled pain. Assuming this is the case, introducing additional analgesics may help alleviate the patient’s suffering. Alternatively, if the pain proves intractable, hospice palliative care may be recommended to both the patient and her family.
Currently, the patient is only being administered oral Tramacet (a combination of tramadol and acetaminophen) for pain management. To enhance analgesic efficacy, consideration could be given to the as-needed (PRN) use of morphine.
Pathological confirmation of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was obtained. Lab tests on 2023-12-12 revealed elevated tumor markers CA199 (14408.29 U/mL) and CEA (363.79 ng/mL).
No further results from driver mutation testing are currently available.
Instead of FOLFIRINOX regimen, the patient was initiated on gemcitabine + nab-paclitaxel on 2023-12-21. This combination is considered to have a little more favorable safety profile compared to FOLFIRINOX (NCCN guidelines, version 2023-06-19).
The patient has a long history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The drugs prescribed by our endocrinologist have been integrated into the active medication list, confirming no discrepancies.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
Clinical presentation and management of thymoma and thymic carcinoma - 2023-11-01 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-presentation-and-management-of-thymoma-and-thymic-carcinoma
[tube administration of Nexium and Concor: guidelines for the simple suspension method]
All oral medications currently listed as active are suitable for administration via tube feeding. Nonetheless, for specific medications like Nexium (esomeprazole) and Concor (bisoprolol), the manufacturers advise against crushing the tablets. In such cases, the Simple Suspension Method (SSM) is recommended for preparing these medications for tube feeding.
The Simple Suspension Method, involves dispersing solid oral medications into a liquid form to facilitate administration through a nasogastric (NG) tube. This approach is particularly beneficial for patients who are unable to swallow tablets or capsules due to conditions such as dysphagia, or for those who have a feeding tube or are in a comatose state.
To utilize the Simple Suspension Method:
Considerations when applying the Simple Suspension Method:
[PACs & RBBB on ECG: management options & bisoprolol continuation]
ECG on 2024-03-01 showed: 1. Sinus rhythm with premature atrial complexes (PACs); 2. right bundle branch block (RBBB).
PACs are common and often benign, especially in healthy individuals. Treatment may not be needed unless PACs are frequent and symptomatic, in which case the following approaches might be considered:
RBBB is a pattern seen on an ECG where the electrical impulse in the heart is delayed or blocked along the right bundle branch. Treatment for RBBB is usually not necessary unless it is associated with other underlying heart conditions. The management focuses on the underlying cause, if identified:
The patient has experienced recent episodes of heart rate elevation, reaching up to 155 bpm with significant variability. He is currently taking 2.5 mg of bisoprolol daily. Should atrial fibrillation (as seen on the ECG dated 2024-02-28) recur, the addition of an antiarrhythmic medication might be considered.
[chronic anemia worsens with chemo: LPRBC transfusion for the patient]
Lab data on 2024-02-19 showed HGB 7.5 g/dL and an immediate LPRBC transfusion was performed. Vital signs are currently stable.
This patient has a long history of anemia even before the initiation of chemotherapy, but the chemotherapy treatment dose associated with lowered HGB level on a long-term basis.
[regimen change prompts eGFR decline: further monitoring needed]
Following a switch to docetaxel + cisplatin on 2023-12-20 from the previous paclitaxel + carboplatin regimen, the patient has experienced a preliminary decline in eGFR.
While the current eGFR remains within the acceptable range, further monitoring is necessary to track potential changes.
[observing potential thrombosis after previous event]
A thrombotic event previously occurred in mid-Dec 2023, and a recent slight elevation in D-dimer levels has been observed. Monitoring for any signs of potential thrombosis is recommended.
The tumor marker SCC has consistently been elevated throughout the year.
In 2023Q3, radiation therapy of 2700cGy/15 was administered to the metastatic tumor in the right lower lobe (RLL). Additionally, in 2023Q2, a dose of 4500cGy/25 was directed to the anterior mediastinal tumor bed and the surrounding affected area.
The treatment regimen of paclitaxel combined with carboplatin commenced on 2023-10-31.
No discrepancies in medication were identified.
[lab data]
2023-06-13 Anti-HBs 0.00 mIU/mL
2023-06-13 HBsAg Reactive
2023-06-13 HBsAg (Value) 6203.60 S/CO
2023-06-13 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-06-13 Anti-HCV Value 0.17 S/CO
2023-05-23 HBeAg Nonreactive
2023-05-23 HBeAg (Value) 0.949 S/CO
2023-05-23 HBsAg Reactive
2023-05-23 HBsAg (Value) 5353.06 S/CO
2023-05-02 P.jiroveci DNA-Sp Undetectable
2023-05-02 CMV viral load assay <35 IU/mL
2023-05-02 EBV DNA PCR Not deteceted copies/mL
2023-04-29 Gamma 25.9 %
2023-04-28 B2-Microglobulin 6183 ng/mL
2023-04-27 HIV Ab-EIA Nonreactive
2023-04-27 Anti-HIV Value 0.04 S/CO
2023-04-27 LDH 344 U/L
[exam findings]
[consultation]
2024-02-19 Family Medicine
2023-05-12 Rehabilitation
2023-04-28 Hemato-Oncology
2023-04-15 Obstetrics and Gynecology
2023-04-08 Ear Nose Throat
2023-04-08 Gastroenterology
2023-04-08 Metabolism and Endocrinology
2023-04-06 Infectious Disease
2023-04-06 Neurology
2023-02-15 Gastroenterology
[immunochemmotherapy]
2024-02-24 - ……………………… docetaxel 75mg/m2 100mg NS 250mL 2hr (Gao WeiYao)
2024-01-23 - trastuzumab 600mg SC 3min + docetaxel 75mg/m2 110mg NS 250mL 2hr (Gao WeiYao)
2023-12-26 - trastuzumab 600mg SC 3min + docetaxel 75mg/m2 116mg NS 250mL 2hr (Gao WeiYao)
2023-12-19 - trastuzumab 600mg SC 5min + pertuzumab 420mg NS 250mL 1hr (Wang ShengLin)
2023-11-28 - trastuzumab 600mg SC 5min + pertuzumab 420mg NS 250mL 1hr (Wang ShengLin)
2023-10-31 - trastuzumab 600mg SC 5min + pertuzumab 420mg NS 250mL 1hr (Wang ShengLin)
2023-10-12 - trastuzumab 600mg SC 5min + pertuzumab 420mg NS 250mL 1hr (Wang ShengLin)
2023-09-21 - trastuzumab 600mg SC 5min + pertuzumab 420mg NS 250mL 1hr (Wang ShengLin)
2023-09-07 - trastuzumab 600mg SC 5min + pertuzumab 420mg NS 250mL 1hr (Wang ShengLin)
2023-07-04 - trastuzumab 600mg SC 5min + pertuzumab 420mg NS 250mL 1hr (Wang ShengLin)
2023-06-13 - trastuzumab 600mg SC 5min + pertuzumab 840mg NS 250mL 1hr (Wang ShengLin)
2023-03-29 - epirubicin 90mg/m2 157mg NS 100mL 30min + cyclophosphamide 600mg/m2 1044mg NS 500mL 1hr (EC(90) Q3W)
2023-02-17 - epirubicin 90mg/m2 155mg NS 100mL 30min + cyclophosphamide 600mg/m2 1033mg NS 500mL 1hr (EC(90) Q3W)
2023-05-23 ~ Femara (letrozole)
2023-05-19 ~ 2023-05-24 - Cytotec (misoprostol)
Pertuzumab - Adult Dosing - 2024-01-03 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pertuzumab-drug-information
Docetaxel - 2024-03-04 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/docetaxel-drug-information
[neutropenia after docetaxel, culture pending while maintaining ABX & Mg supplementation]
Both tumor markers CA-153 and CEA remain elevated. The last dose of docetaxel was administered on 2024-02-24, followed by grade 4 neutropenia observed on 2024-03-01. G-CSF was administered to address the neutropenia.
2024-02-23 CA-153 49.6 U/mL
2024-02-02 CA-153 (NM) 98.764 U/ml
2024-02-02 CA-153 (NM) 89.900 U/ml
2024-01-22 CA-153 (NM) 116.675 U/ml
2023-12-26 CA-153 (NM) 118.131 U/ml
2023-12-12 CA-153 (NM) 110.748 U/ml
2023-06-20 CA-153 (NM) 44.155 U/ml
2023-04-03 CA-153 (NM) 64.922 U/ml
2023-02-06 CA-153 50.7 U/mL
2024-02-23 CEA 63.31 ng/mL
2024-02-02 CEA (NM) 69.720 ng/ml
2024-02-02 CEA (NM) 62.090 ng/ml
2024-01-22 CEA (NM) 23.710 ng/ml
2023-12-26 CEA (NM) 12.156 ng/ml
2023-12-12 CEA (NM) 17.145 ng/ml
2023-06-20 CEA (NM) 27.607 ng/ml
2023-04-03 CEA (NM) 35.020 ng/ml
2023-02-06 CEA 24.89 ng/mL
2024-03-01 WBC 0.42 x10^3/uL ***
2024-03-01 WBC 0.81 x10^3/uL **
2024-02-24 WBC 21.33 x10^3/uL - docetaxel 75mg/m2
2024-02-23 WBC 1.61 x10^3/uL *
2024-02-20 WBC 3.33 x10^3/uL
Culture results are still pending. Tapimycin (piperacillin/tazobactam) is currently being used. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is being administered for hypomagnesemia, as evidenced by a serum magnesium level of 1.4 mg/dL on 2024-03-02. No medication discrepancies were identified.
[prophylactic G-CSF for post-chemotherapy leukopenia]
This patient is scheduled to receive her second session of trastuzumab + docetaxel on 2024-01-23. Following her first session on 2023-12-26, she experienced a nadir WBC count of 0.48K/uL on 2024-01-02, one week later. G-CSF (filgrastim) 300mg daily from 2024-01-03 to 2024-01-05 successfully mitigated the leukopenia. However, due to a recent downward trend in WBC counts across the past three data points, prophylactic G-CSF is recommended for potential standby use.
[Neutropenia and Febrile Episode]
The patient recently experienced an episode of grade 4 neutropenia (severely low white blood cell count) on 2024-01-02. This is likely due to the combined effects of the chemotherapy medications trastuzumab and docetaxel, with docetaxel likely playing a stronger role.
2024-01-02 WBC 0.48 x10^3/uL
2023-12-26 WBC 6.86 x10^3/uL
2024-01-02 Neutrophil 0.0 %
2023-12-26 Neutrophil 82.2 %
To address the neutropenia, the patient received:
Additionally, the patient experienced a fever with a peak temperature of 39°C in the night of 2023-01-02. This fever has been successfully controlled with the administration of Cefim (cefepime 2g Q8H).
No identification of medication reconciliation issues.
In continuation of the previous pharmacist note.
[exam findings] (not completed)
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[rising tumor markers & adjusting ileus medication]
Both CEA and CA19-9 tumor markers have reached their highest levels documented in the lab data. Chemotherapy was discontinued in mid-Feb 2022. Recent imaging suggests that complete remission of the colon cancer is unlikely. Therefore, further treatment is recommended.
2024-02-26 CEA 12.68 ng/mL **
2024-02-05 CEA 8.07 ng/mL *
2023-12-12 CEA 6.30 ng/mL
2023-08-18 CEA 9.09 ng/mL
2023-07-10 CEA 9.58 ng/mL
2023-04-19 CEA 4.36 ng/mL
2023-03-16 CEA 4.14 ng/mL
2023-02-16 CEA 4.61 ng/mL
2022-11-29 CEA 4.21 ng/mL
2022-09-26 CEA 3.70 ng/mL
2024-02-26 CA199 149.71 U/mL **
2024-02-05 CA199 55.18 U/mL *
2023-12-12 CA199 47.40 U/mL
2023-08-18 CA199 45.83 U/mL
2023-07-10 CA199 38.65 U/mL
2023-04-19 CA199 35.58 U/mL
2023-03-16 CA199 48.07 U/mL
2023-02-16 CA199 37.36 U/mL
2022-11-29 CA199 31.49 U/mL
2022-09-26 CA199 31.97 U/mL
Lactul (lactulose), Through (sennoside) and Bisadyl (bisacodyl) are currently being used to manage ileus. While the stool records show passage on 6 and 7 occasions on 2024-03-02 and 2024-03-03, respectively, it is recommended to review the necessity and potential for dose adjustments of these medications.
{serous carcinoma of right fallopian tube with peritoneal and pleural invastion with tumor recurrent, pT3cN1aM1a, stage IVA}
[diagnosis] - 2023-03-30 discharge note
[past history]
[allergy]
[family history]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemoimmunotherapy]
Primary Systemic Therapy Regimens - Primary Therapy for Stage II–IV Disease - Epithelial Ovarian/Fallopian Tube/Primary Peritoneal (Ovarian Cancer Including Fallopian Tube Cancer and Primary Peritoneal Cancer, NCCN guidelines version 5.2022 20220916, OV-C 6 OF 11, p43)
Acceptable Recurrence Therapies for Epithelial Ovarian (including LCOC)/Fallopian Tube/Primary Peritoneal Cancer (Ovarian Cancer Including Fallopian Tube Cancer and Primary Peritoneal Cancer, NCCN guidelines version 5.2022 20220916, OV-C 9 OF 11, p51)
[declining renal function, cardiopulmonary findings emerge on CXR]
Comparing the CXR from 2024-01-27 and 2024-02-29, reveals significant new developments. While the January X-ray showed normal heart size and no confirmed fluid buildup, the February X-ray indicates an enlarged heart (cardiomegaly), abnormal twisting of the aorta (tortuosity), and confirmed fluid accumulation in the space around the lungs (bilateral pleural effusion). Additionally, the February X-ray reveals enlarged lymph nodes near the lungs (engorgement of bilateral hilar regions) and widening of the area between the lungs (mediastinum), which weren’t seen in the previous X-ray.
The patient’s renal function is in decline as evidenced by elevated serum creatinine and BUN.
2024-02-29 Creatinine 2.15 mg/dL
2024-02-21 Creatinine 1.39 mg/dL
2024-02-07 Creatinine 1.85 mg/dL
2024-02-01 Creatinine 1.34 mg/dL
2024-01-27 Creatinine 1.11 mg/dL
2024-02-29 BUN 38 mg/dL
2024-02-21 BUN 31 mg/dL
2024-02-07 BUN 25 mg/dL
2024-02-01 BUN 13 mg/dL
The patient is currently taking furosemide, albumin (serum level 3.1 g/dL on 2024-02-29), and carvedilol. PRN normal saline has also been prescribed. Vital signs are currently stable.
If the patient’s urine output is sufficient, benzbromarone may be considered for the treatment of her hyperuricemiaserum (uric acid level of 8.0 mg/dL on 2024-02-29).
[reconciliation]
Baraclude (entecavir), Stilnox (zolpidem), and Alpraline (alprazolam) were prescribed on 2024-01-17, while Norvasc (amlodipine), Exforge (amlodipine, valsartan), and Carvedilol were prescribed on 2023-12-20 by our OPD. These medications are currently being used without any noted issues.
The patient obtained repeat prescriptions for Exforge (amlodipine, valsartan) and Hexal (carvedilol) from our cardiologist, and Lexapro (escitalopram) and Alpraline (alprazolam) from our psychiatrist on 2023-09-27. These medications are accurately listed as the patient’s active medication, and no issues with medication reconciliation have been detected.
This patient received repeat prescriptions from our cardiologist (for Exforge (amlodipine, valsartan) and Hexal (carvedilol)) and our psychiatrist (for Anxiedin (lorazepam), Lexapro (escitalopram), Stilnox (zolpidem), and Alpraline (alprazolam)) on 2023-07-05. These drugs are well included in the active formulary and no reconciliation issues were identified.
On 2023-07-08, the patient refilled her prescription for Baraclude (entecavir) at a local pharmacy. In addition, on 2023-07-05, our cardiologist wrote a prescription for Exforge (amlodipine, valsartan) and Carvedilol. On the same day, our psychosomatic medicine specialist also prescribed Anxiedin (lorazepam), Lexapro (escitalopram), Stilnox (zolpidem), and Alpraline (alprazolam) for the patient. These medications were appropriately added to the patient’s active medication list with no reconciliation issues identified.
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
[reconciliation]
The FOLFOX regimen was initiated on 2024-01-31. A subsequent evaluation on 2024-02-27 revealed an elevated CA-199 level. This finding might suggest the possibility of disease in the distal stomach (closer to the small intestine).
Additionally, the CRP level on 2024-02-27 was 15.5 mg/dL, while the PCT level was within normal limits. Elevated CRP can indicate various conditions, including inflammation, autoimmune disorders, tissue injury, or even certain cancers. Therefore, further monitoring or investigations may be prudent to elucidate the cause of the elevated CRP.
No medication discrepancies were found after review of HIS5 and PharmaCloud records.
[reconciliation - potential medication discrepancy: refills not aligned with active list]
A potential medication discrepancy has been identified for this patient. While the patient has recently refilled a 28-day supply of lorazepam, escitalopram, and ginkgo biloba extract (ginkgoflavonglycosides) on 2024-02-26 according to the PharmaCloud database, these medications are not currently included in the active medication list. Please verify if these refilled medications are still deemed necessary and consider updating the active medication list accordingly.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[immunochemotherapy]
[leukopenia]
The patient received the Keytruda (pembrolizumab) with AC(Lipo) regimen on 2023-08-15, 2023-09-06, 2023-09-28, and 2023-10-18, with episodes of leukopenia noted in early Sep and early Oct.
The frequency of the immunochemotherapy was Q3W, and the second episode of leukopenia was more severe than the first. This may indicate that the patient’s recovery capacity is not keeping pace with the immunosuppressive effects of the medication.
Under the National Health Insurance drug reimbursement regulations, short-acting injectables G-CSF such as filgrastim and lenograstim can be used in non-hematologic malignancy patients post-chemotherapy if they have experienced white blood cell counts below 1000/cumm or absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) below 500/cumm. The patient’s lab values have not yet reached these thresholds. If there is a consideration of increased risk of infection, it may be advisable for the patient to use these medications at their own expense.
Compared to other options such as lowering the dose of chemotherapy or increasing the administration interval, the use of G-CSF appears to be a more effective approach in managing neutropenia caused by chemotherapy. Lowering the dose of chemotherapy may reduce the occurrence of neutropenic complications, but it can also compromise the effectiveness of the treatment (Lyman et al., 2005). Similarly, increasing the administration interval of chemotherapy may reduce the frequency of neutropenia, but it can also lead to delays in treatment and potentially compromise treatment outcomes (Okera et al., 2010). On the other hand, the use of G-CSF has been shown to effectively prevent and manage neutropenia, reducing the risk of febrile neutropenia, infections, and the need for dose reductions or delays in treatment (Ar, 2004; Crawford, 2003; Mizuno et al., 2017; Flores & Ershler, 2010).
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
[Xeloda (capecitabine) tube feeding]
Steps to dissolve the Xeloda tablets (Ref: https://www.enherts-tr.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Capecitabine-v1-final.pdf)
Important - Capecitabine tablets should never be crushed - this creates a dangerous dust.
Protection - The person preparing the solution should wear non-sterile gloves and a non-sterile plastic apron (supplied by the hospital).
Capecitabine can be slowly but completely dissolved. It can be used with a gastric or jejunal feeding tube. (Ref: Developing guidance for feeding tube administration of oral medications. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2023 May;47(4):519-540. doi: 10.1002/jpen.2490)
[patient education]
After attending a family meeting with the patient’s relatives at 11:00 this morning, I visited the patient at 12:30. At that time, the patient and his wife had left the bed to walk nearby, only the patient’s daughter was present. I told the patient’s daughter that if immunotherapy is to be used, it is better to use it sooner rather than later. The patient’s daughter also asked about the possible prognosis of the disease and the possible side effects of the drugs. I elaborated based on the content of this morning’s family meeting. The patient’s daughter indicated that she will decide whether to use immunotherapy in the near future.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[immunochemotherapy]
dose-adjusted (da)-R-EPOCH - Infusional etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and rituximab (EPOCH-R) for non-Hodgkin lymphoma - 2024-01-25 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=ONC%2F88411
[anemia]
Lab results obtained on 2024-02-26 were unremarkable except for a stool occult blood test 1+ and anemia (HGB 7.7 g/dL). The anemia was subsequently addressed with a LPRBC transfusion.
No lab findings were identified that would preclude administration of the R-da-EPOCH regimen.
[monitoring iron levels in this frequent transfusion patient]
The laboratory results suggest a consistent pattern of microcytosis/microcytic anemia. This patient has been receiving multiple blood transfusions approximately monthly since Sep 2023. Given this history, it is advisable to assess iron storage to evaluate for potential iron overload if clinically necessary.
[reconciliation]
Lab results obtained on 2023-12-26 revealed no significant abnormalities that would contraindicate the continuation of the R-da-EPOCH regimen. Additionally, comprehensive medication reviews using HIS5 and PharmaCloud identified no discrepancies in the current medication list.
[prophylactic G-CSF for post-chemotherapy leukopenia]
The patient was admitted to begin the 3rd cycle of R-da-EPOCH chemotherapy on 2023-11-27. Based on the experiences from cycles 1 and 2 of this regimen, leukopenia may occur following this administration. Prophylactic G-CSF can be prescribed for standby use.
There are no medication reconciliation issues after review of PhamaCloud and HIS5 records.
The patient has received two cycles of R-CHOP treatment and has then transitioned to DA-R-EPOCH treatment as of 2023-10-06. It is believed that the new treatment, R-DA-EPOCH, is more effective but also carries a higher risk of toxicity. As the patient has recently started this new regimen, please closely monitor for any signs of adverse reactions. Ref: DA-R-EPOCH vs R-CHOP in DLBCL: How do we choose? Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2021 Nov;19(11):698-709. PMID: 34807015; PMCID: PMC9036549.
An episode of leukopenia was observed on 2023-09-05, approximately two weeks after the patient’s initial R-CHOP regimen administered on 2023-08-24. Prompt intervention with a consecutive 3-day course of G-CSF was initiated, and since then, no further instances of leukopenia have been detected.
[lab data]
2023-12-06 P.jiroveci DNA-Sp Positive
2023-12-04 CMV viral load assay Target not detecetedIU/mL
2023-11-30 Aspergillus Ag Negative
2023-11-30 Aspergillus Ag Value 0.1 Ratio
2023-11-29 ANA Negative
2023-11-29 Mycoplasma pneumonia IgG Negative AU/mL
2023-11-29 Mycoplasma IgG Valu <10 AU/ml
2023-11-28 Anti-ds DNA Antibody <0.6 IU/ml
2023-11-28 Anti-ENA SS-A (Ro) <0.4 EliA U/ml
2023-11-28 Anti-ENA SS-B (La) <0.3 EliA U/ml
2023-11-28 Anti Jo-1 antibody <0.3 EliA U/ml
2023-11-28 Anti-ENA Scl-70 Ab <0.6 EliA U/ml
2023-11-28 Anti-ENA Sm <0.8 EliA U/ml
2023-11-28 Anti-ENA RNP <0.5 EliA U/ml
2023-11-28 Cryptococcus Ag Negative
2023-11-28 RF <10 IU/mL
2023-11-26 COVID19 fast screen Negative
2023-11-26 Influenza A Ag Negative
2023-11-26 Influenza B Ag Negative
2023-08-08 Anti-HCV (NM) Negative
2023-08-08 Anti-HCV Value (NM) 0.042
2023-08-08 Anti-HBc (NM) Negative
2023-08-08 Anti-HBc Value (NM) 2.360
2023-08-08 Anti-HBs (NM) Positive
2023-08-08 Anti-HBs value (NM) 210.000 mIU/mL
2023-08-08 HBsAg (NM) Negative
2023-08-08 HBsAg Value (NM) 0.432
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
[addressing post-chemotherapy respiratory distress and leukopenia]
Currently, there are no recent daily progress notes in HIS5 found.
Should there be recent occurrences of dyspnea, respiratory distress, or shortness of breath, it’s important to note that the last chemotherapy session with docetaxel was on 2023-11-16, about two weeks ago. Therefore, it is less probable that these symptoms are directly caused by the chemotherapy (hypersensitivity). However, docetaxel has also been linked to pulmonary disease, unspecified, with a reported incidence rate of 41% (Ref: UpToDate).
Another potential cause that cannot be overlooked is the earlier administration of cyclophosphamide, a component of the AC(Lipo) regimen. This drug has been associated with pulmonary toxicity, manifesting in various forms such as pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Identifying pulmonary toxicity can be challenging due to overlapping pulmonary conditions in the same patient population, including infections and pulmonary malignancies. Symptoms of this toxicity typically include dyspnea, fever, cough, parenchymal infiltrates, abnormal pulmonary function tests, and pleural thickening.
If nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) has been confirmed (and assuming that infection has been completely excluded as a cause), it is recommended to begin with prednisone 0.5 to 1 mg/kg ideal body weight per day up to a maximum of 60 mg/day for one month followed by 30 to 40 mg/day for an additional two months.
For patients with severe NSIP, pulse intravenous methylprednisolone may be preferred for initial therapy. A typical regimen is 1000 mg/day for three days followed by oral prednisone as dosed above. Rarely, patients need additional pulse doses.
Additionally, there was an episode of leukopenia in late Nov (WBC counts 1.69K/uL on 2023-11-22 and 2.84K/uL on 2023-11-26), which might have been caused by the administration of docetaxel. It may be an option to prepare prophylactic G-CSF for use after the next chemotherapy session.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[reconciliation]
Vital signs during this hospital stay and labs on 2024-02-27 showed stable and normal values, no medication discrepancy found after reviewing HIS5 and PharmaCloud.
[reconciliation]
Lab data from 2024-02-01 and vital signs assessed through the TPR panel during this hospital stay were overall within normal limits. A thorough review of the HIS5 and PharmaCloud databases did not reveal any discrepancies in medication.
[gradual eGFR change: current dose safe, continued monitoring]
There appears to be a gradual downward trend in eGFR in this patient, and no dose adjustment is required at this time.
[tube feeding: Const-K extended-release tab 750mg/10mEq/tab (KCl); Detrusitol SR 4mg prolonged-release cap (tolterodine); Wellbutrin XL 150mg/tab (bupropion)]
Const-K is an extended-release potassium supplement tablet that is not intended to be crushed, as this would compromise its slow-release properties. However, in situations where oral administration is not feasible and intravenous potassium is not preferred, crushing the tablet for tube feeding might be considered the only option, despite the loss of extended-release functionality.
Each Const-K tablet delivers 10 mEq of potassium, equating to the potassium content of approximately a 10 cm banana, which contains about 2.2 mEq/inch (0.9 mEq/cm) in bananas (N Engl J Med. 1985;313(9):582.)
Similarly, other extended-release medications such as Detrusitol SR and Wellbutrin XL are not recommended to be crushed. Disrupting their extended-release mechanism can lead to more variable serum concentrations, potentially affecting their efficacy and safety.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[nab-paclitaxel and renal function]
Post-administration of nab-paclitaxel, serum creatinine levels have consistently remained above 1.5 mg/dL. Although there hasn’t been a rapid increase, continuous monitoring is still advised.
Nab-Paclitaxel for patients with altered kidney function, there are no dosage adjustment recommendations for those with a Creatinine Clearance (CrCl) ≥30 mL/minute. Furthermore, there are no pharmacokinetic studies available for severe kidney impairment in patients with a CrCl <30 mL/minute.
[past history]
[allergy]
[family history]
[exam findings]
[chemoimmunotherapy]
[guidelines for platelet transfusion addressing thrombocytopenia in Kadcyla therapy]
The patient has been on Kadcyla (trastuzumab emtansine) therapy since 2023-06-26, following a previous regimen that included Herceptin (trastuzumab) and Perjeta (pertuzumab), with the last dose administered on 2023-05-17.
Post-initiation of Kadcyla, there has been a temporal association with an increase in both the frequency and severity of thrombocytopenia episodes, indicating that the thrombocytopenia could be attributed to Kadcyla. Literature indicates that trastuzumab emtansine is associated with thrombocytopenia, with incidences ranging from 29% to 31%, and grades 3/4 thrombocytopenia occurring in 6% to 15% of cases, including a higher incidence in patients of Asian descent, where grades 3/4 thrombocytopenia ranges from 19% to 45%.
Prophylactic platelet transfusions are recommended to prevent spontaneous bleeding in afebrile patients with platelet counts below 10K/uL due to bone marrow suppression. This recommendation aligns with guidelines from the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis published in 2023 (Reference: J Thromb Haemost. 2024;22(1):53).
In patients presenting with fever, infection, or inflammation, platelet transfusions are generally advised at counts of ≤ 15K to 20K/uL due to the heightened risk of bleeding (Reference: Clin Lab Med. 2021;41(4):621).
There are currently no bowel movement records for this hospital stay in HIS5. However, the records from the patient’s previous hospital stay (between 2023-01-31 and 2023-02-01) indicated that the patient had one bowel movement per day.
According to the review of systems in the admission note for this hospital stay, the patient experienced diarrhea and had 8 to 9 bowel movements per day.
It might be noted that docetaxel is known to cause gastrointestinal adverse reactions, including diarrhea (with a frequency of 23% to 43%, and severe diarrhea occurring in 6% or less of cases), and the incidence of diarrhea with pertuzumab and trastuzumab is 60% (ref: UpToDate).
The use of loperamide is recommended as a means of alleviating diarrhea and Loperamide (2mg/cap) is available in this hospital.
Loperamide usage: Oral, Initial: 4 mg, followed by 2 mg every 2 to 4 hours or after each loose stool; for diarrhea persisting >24 hours, administer 2 mg every 2 hours (or 4 mg every 4 hours). Continue until 12 hours have passed without a loose bowel movement. Doses >16 mg/day may not provide benefit; consider alternative therapy for diarrhea persisting >=48 hours.
[MedRec]
[reconciliation]
According to the PharmaCloud database, there are no outstanding prescriptions issued by other healthcare provider.
Two drugs, Relinide (repaglinide) and Januvia (sitagliptin), prescribed by our endocrinologist on 2024-02-22, are not reflected in the active medication list. It is recommended to verify whether these medications are no longer required.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
Small Cell Lung Cancer NCCN Evidence Blocks - Version 1.2024 - 2023-09-05
Carboplatin plus etoposide for chemotherapy-naïve extensive-stage small cell lung cancer 2023-06-02 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?topicKey=ONC%2F4633&imageKey=ONC%2F75586
Cycle length: 21 days, for a maximum of six cycles.
Regimen
Pretreatment considerations:
Monitoring parameters:
Suggested dose modifications for toxicity:
[evaluating elevated conjugated bilirubin and potential obstructions]
The level of conjugated bilirubin is elevated, which may indicate obstructions such as gallstones or strictures in the bile ducts, hindering the excretion of bilirubin into the gastrointestinal tract. Abdominal ultrasonography conducted on 2023-07-27 revealed potential chronic liver parenchymal disease and a suspected gallbladder stone. The examination of the liver, particularly the subcostal view, was suboptimal due to a poor echo window.
It may be advisable to request a follow-up abdominal ultrasonography and an Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) test for further evaluation.
[monitoring pneumonitis risk: durvalumab/carboplatin for stable patchy consolidation]
Comparing the CXR 2024-01-03, to 2024-01-31, the patchy consolidation in the left middle lung has not become more pronounced. On 2024-01-31, a new session of durvalumab combined with carboplatin was administered. Continuous monitoring of the pulmonary condition is recommended.
Pneumonitis includes acute interstitial pneumonitis, interstitial lung disease, pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis is associated with Imfinzi (durvalumab), according to the package insert (https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/761069s035lbl.pdf page 12-13; all grades 34%, grade 3/4 3.4%).
Vital signs and lab results were grossly normal except for elevated AST, ALT and bilirubin levels, no medication discrepancies noted.
[reconciliation]
The admission note dated 2024-01-02 recorded an ECOG PS of 2. The original regimen was designed as “carboplatin AUC 5-6 on day 1 and etoposide 80-100 mg/m2 on days 1, 2, 3, along with durvalumab 1500 mg on day 1 every 21 days for 4-6 cycles, followed by maintenance durvalumab 1500 mg on day 1 every 28 days.” However, due to the patient’s apparent frailty, since Oct 2023, the regimen was modified to a reduced dose version with carboplatin AUC 2 and etoposide omitted. The CT results from 2023-12-28 still indicate an effective disease control.
Lab data from 2024-01-02 showed slightly elevated ALT (42 U/L) and creatinine (1.32 mg/dL) levels. Current medications do not require dose adjustments based on these readings.
The patient is currently taking several medications with no discrepancies noted: From our neurologist (as of 2023-08-31) for Syntam (piracetam), Lixiana (edoxaban), and Mesyrel (trazodone); from the chest physician (as of 2023-08-31) for Xanthium (theophylline), Romicon-A (dextromethorphan, cresolsulfonate, lysozyme), and Mecater (procaterol); and from the cardiologist (as of 2023-08-09) for Cartil (diltiazem).
The previously observed spikes in AST and ALT levels in May and July/August of this year have now disappeared. Renal function tests show normal results and no drug dose adjustments are required based on liver and kidney function.
The serum potassium level dropped to 3.1 mmol/L on 2023-10-05, the lowest level recorded in the last three months. This may warrant further monitoring.
Per the HIS5 records, medications issued as repeat prescriptions by our departments of Neurology, Chest Medicine, and Cardiology on 2023-08-31, 2023-08-31, and 2023-08-09 respectively, are all accounted for in the active medication list. No discrepancies in medication reconciliation have been found.
The patient visited our Psychosomatic Medicine OPD on 2023-05-11 and 2023-05-25, where he was prescribed Zoloft (sertraline), which was duly added to the list of active medications. In addition, the patient has a refillable prescription for Lixiana (edoxaban) from our Neurology OPD dated 2023-04-13, which also appears on the active medication list.
It’s advised to note that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as sertraline, can potentially increase the risk of bleeding, especially when used with antiplatelet and/or anticoagulant medications. There have been several observational studies linking the use of SSRIs to a variety of bleeding complications, ranging from minor problems such as bruising, hematoma, petechiae, and purpura to more serious conditions such as stroke, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage, postpartum hemorrhage, and perioperative bleeding. In light of this, it is prudent to monitor this patient closely for any signs of bleeding.
The liver-associated enzymes ALT and AST, particularly ALT, have both shown an increasing trend in this patient. The patient is currently being treated with Baogan (silymarin) and Baraclude (entecavir), which are appropriate given the patient’s liver status and HBV carrier state.
Etoposide has been associated with hepatotoxicity, but the incidence is low (<= 3%) and therefore it is less likely to be the primary cause of the elevated liver enzymes. On the other hand, carboplatin is reported to be associated with increased serum alkaline phosphatase (24% to 37%) and increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (15% to 19%). This suggests that carboplatin might be a more likely cause of the observed liver enzyme elevation.
Given that the patient’s current regimen has already been dose-reduced since initiation (etoposide from 100mg/m2 to 80mg/m2, carboplatin from AUC 5 to AUC 4), it may not be necessary to further reduce the dose immediately unless the liver enzymes rapidly increase.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[immunochemotherapy]
[note]
Hairy Cell Leukemia SUGGESTED TREATMENT REGIMENS - NCCN Evidence Blocks - Version 1.2023 - 2022-10-13 — HCL-A 1 OF 2, p7
Cladribine 2023-07-13 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cladribine-drug-information
Rituximab 2023-07-13 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/rituximab-intravenous-including-biosimilars-drug-information
Anemia with HGB at 7.6 was observed on 2024-02-19, LPRBC transfusion was then carried out.
[thrombocytopenia]
The patient’s thrombocytopenia was present even before the two most recent rounds of immunochemotherapy (rituximab with cladribine administered on 2023-07-07 and 2023-09-07). The primary treatment has been blood transfusions, which were conducted on the following dates: 2023-07-04, 2023-07-22, 2023-07-27, 2023-07-31, 2023-08-07, 2023-08-28, 2023-09-09, and 2023-09-13.
2023-09-13 PLT 43 10^3/uL 2023-09-11 PLT 34 10^3/uL 2023-09-09 PLT 38 10^3/uL 2023-09-06 PLT 41 10^3/uL 2023-09-05 PLT 43 10^3/uL 2023-08-28 PLT 42 10^3/uL 2023-08-23 PLT 29 10^3/uL 2023-08-22 PLT 26 10^3/uL 2023-08-15 PLT 25 10^3/uL 2023-08-09 PLT 120 10^3/uL 2023-08-07 PLT 26 10^3/uL 2023-08-03 PLT 91 10^3/uL 2023-08-01 PLT 24 10^3/uL 2023-07-31 PLT 31 10^3/uL 2023-07-27 PLT 36 10^3/uL 2023-07-25 PLT 50 10^3/uL 2023-07-21 PLT 25 10^3/uL 2023-07-19 PLT 50 10^3/uL 2023-07-18 PLT 92 10^3/uL 2023-07-16 PLT 120 10^3/uL 2023-07-14 PLT 23 10^3/uL 2023-07-12 PLT 40 10^3/uL 2023-07-10 PLT 75 10^3/uL 2023-07-07 PLT 122 10^3/uL 2023-07-05 PLT 19 10^3/uL 2023-07-04 PLT 23 10^3/uL 2023-06-29 PLT 23 10^3/uL 2023-04-06 PLT 87 10^3/uL 2023-02-09 PLT 132 10^3/uL 2022-11-03 PLT 180 10^3/uL
[leukopenia]
The recent WBC nadir was noted on 2023-07-10 with a count of 0.88K/uL, and by 2023-07-12, an increase to 1.21K/uL was evident.
The patient received the regimen of cladribine plus rituximab on 2023-07-07. It’s well known that cladribine injection often leads to dose-dependent myelosuppression (manifested as neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia), typically reversible. Additionally, rituximab is associated with an incidence of neutropenia (8% to 14%; grades 3/4: 4% to 49%). As such, the regimen could be the primary cause of the patient’s recent leukopenia.
Given the current trend of increasing WBC count without the administration of G-CSF, it would be advisable to continue monitoring over the next few days to verify if the developed leukopenia is resolved.
[thrombocytopenia]
(this pharmacist note is a continuation of the previous one)
Even as the WBC count gradually recovers, platelet levels continue to decline, noted at 40K/uL on 2023-07-12. If this decrease continues, it is typically recommended to consider transfusion if the platelet count drops to or below a threshold of 10K/uL. If fever, sepsis, or coagulopathy is present, higher thresholds may be needed.
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy & hypokalemia: multifaceted management approach]
Variceal bleeding has resulted in low hemoglobin (7.6 g/dL on 2024-02-22). Symptomatic anemia might necessitate LPRBC transfusion.
Currently, the patient is receiving IV Glypressin (terlipressin acetate), Hemoclot (tranexamic acid), and Panzolec (pantoprazole).
Serum ammonia level reached 92 µmol/L on 2024-02-21, indicating hepatic encephalopathy. Lactul (lactulose) is being administered to reduce ammonia levels.
Serum potassium measured 3.5 mmol/L on 2024-02-22, placing it at the lower end of the reference range. Studies have demonstrated that hypokalemia can increase renal tubular ammonia production, leading to elevated levels in both the tubular lumen and peritubular capillaries. This effect is partially attributed to intracellular acidosis within renal tubular cells, which stimulates ammonia production from glutamine. While appropriate in the context of metabolic acidosis, this mechanism can become clinically significant in patients with advanced cirrhosis, potentially contributing to hepatic encephalopathy.
Therefore, maintaining serum potassium levels within the middle of the reference range may be beneficial in patients with hepatic encephalopathy to minimize this potential complication.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[evaluating appetite stimulants in patient care]
Social service staff member Luo YuQuan visited the patient on 2024-02-22 and observed that the patient reported recent feelings of lethargy and fatigue. Additionally, the patient’s wife indicated that he has experienced a loss of appetite.
Considering these symptoms, the addition of the appetite stimulant megestrol could be beneficial for improving the patient’s condition, provided there are no contraindications to its use.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[immunochemotherapy]
[monitoring leukopenia in FOLFOX patient, G-CSF not used, dose reduction initiated]
The initial administration of FOLFOX occurred on 2024-01-17. Subsequently, an episode of leukopenia developed in late Jan and early Feb, with a nadir WBC count of 2.67 K/uL. No record of G-CSF administration was found in the HIS5. The patient then recovered, with a WBC count of 12.17 K/uL on 2024-02-18. As of today, no further evidence of leukopenia has been observed.
Due to the leukopenic episode, the FOLFOX dose has been reduced by approximately 20% since the second administration, which commenced on 2024-02-06.
[long-term Foliromin for iron deficiency: re-check ferritin (MCV trend down) to guide future supplementation]
The patient has a long-standing history of Foliromin (sodium ferrous citrate) prescription by our family medicine specialist for iron deficiency anemia, dating back to at least 2017.
A ferritin level of 12.1 ng/mL was measured on 2023-11-29, which falls within the lower end of the reference range. However, MCV continues to show a slowly downward trend.
2023-11-29 Ferritin 12.1 ng/mL
2024-02-18 MCV 85.4 fL
2024-02-05 MCV 87.0 fL
2024-01-30 MCV 87.9 fL
2024-01-19 MCV 86.1 fL
2024-01-09 MCV 87.5 fL
2023-11-29 MCV 89.0 fL
2023-09-06 MCV 88.6 fL
2023-06-13 MCV 94.9 fL
2022-12-19 MCV 97.7 fL
2022-09-19 MCV 96.8 fL
2022-06-25 MCV 96.9 fL
2022-03-29 MCV 97.7 fL
2022-01-05 MCV 98.1 fL
Given that previous ferritin measurements were performed approximately every 3 months, it is recommended to consider a repeat test to obtain an updated iron storage level. This will inform the decision regarding whether to re-administer iron supplements.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
On 2024-02-19, the patient received Avastin + FOLFOX during her current hospital stay. Lab values obtained on the same date were unremarkable except for an elevated alkaline phosphatase level at 154 U/L.
A subsequent sigmoidoscopy performed on 2024-02-20 revealed luminal narrowing up to 10cm from the anal verge. This finding suggests rectal stenosis and precluded evaluation of the primary tumor site.
No medication discrepancies were identified during the review.
[lab data]
2023-07-14 Anti-HBc Reactive
2023-07-14 Anti-HBc-Value 7.77 S/CO
2023-07-14 Anti-HBs 437.04 mIU/mL
2023-07-14 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-07-14 HBsAg (Value) 0.26 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[uremic pruritus management in hemodialysis: potential safety concerns with levocetirizine, examining ketotifen possibility]
This hemodialysis patient reports insufficient itch relief with Allegra (fexofenadine), potentially indicating uremic pruritus. Consequently, Allegra has been replaced with Xyzal (levocetirizine).
Caution is warranted, as levocetirizine undergoes minimal metabolism (85.8% excreted unchanged). Additionally, it is nondialyzable (<10% removed during a standard 4-hour dialysis session, three times weekly). Therefore, its use is generally contraindicated in hemodialysis patients.
Even in exceptional circumstances where its use is considered, short-term administration is highly recommended to minimize drug accumulation.
One potentially safer alternative therapy to consider is ketotifen. Notably, the manufacturer’s labeling does not include specific dosage adjustments for hemodialysis patients.
Despite the lack of specific guidance, ketotifen offers several potential advantages: it undergoes extensive metabolism in humans, resulting in only three identifiable metabolites detected in urine. Additionally, reported cases of oral ingestion at up to 60 times the recommended dose did not result in fatalities. These factors suggest a potentially favorable safety profile compared to levocetirizine in this patient population.
The patient’s current medication, as listed in the active medication list, is appropriately adjusted for his hemodialysis schedule of QW135.
This patient’s PharmaCloud is currently inaccessible. After reviewing the HIS5 records, no medication reconciliation issues were identified.
Our cardiologist provided a repeat prescription for Atozet (ezetimibe, atorvastatin), Bokey (aspirin), Coxine (isosorbide-5-mononitrate), and Nebilet (nebivolol). All of these drugs are currently listed in the active medication record, and no issues with medication reconciliation have been identified.
[optimal dosage adjustment of metoclopramide for intermittent hemodialysis patients]
Metoclopramide is not effectively removed during dialysis. Therefore, it is advisable to administer approximately one-third (or less) of the standard total daily dose for patients undergoing intermittent (three times weekly) hemodialysis. ref: Metoclopramide kinetics in patients with impaired renal function and clearance by hemodialysis. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1985;37(3):284-289. doi:10.1038/clpt.1985.41
[exam findings]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
2024-01-16 - liposome doxorubicin 30mg/m2 40mg D5W 250mL 1hr IVF
2023-12-19
2023-11-16
2023-10-18
2023-09-20
2023-08-23
2023-07-25
2023-07-04
2023-06-21
2023-05-24
2023-05-09
2023-04-25
2023-04-11
2023-03-28
2023-03-15
2023-03-07
2023-02-21
2023-02-27
2023-01-31
2023-01-10
……….
2021-12 ~ 2023-04 - Paclitaxel + Carboplatin
2021-11 ~ 2021-11 - Liposome Doxorubicin + Carboplatin
2021-09 ~ 2021-10 - Paclitaxel
2021-05 ~ 2021-09 - Paclitaxel + Carboplatin
[tube feeding]
There are 2 oral drugs - Norvasc and Alpraline included in the active medicatin list. Both of them can be tube fed.
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[priority issue: bone metastases impacting gait & sensation]
It appears that the bone metastases causing lower limb weakness and numbness with difficulty walking is the most important medical problem for this patient now. Radiation oncologist has been consulted. No medication discrepancy was found.
[lab data]
Examination of Bone Marrow
2023-12-15 FLT3-D835 (bone marrow) Undetectable
2023-12-15 FLT3/ITD (bone marrow) Presence of mutation
2023-12-15 NPM1 (qualitative, BM) Undetectable
2023-12-07 Anti HTLV I/II Nonreactive
2023-12-07 Anti HTLV I/II Value 0.06 S/CO
2023-12-05 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-12-05 Anti-HCV Value 0.30 S/CO
2023-12-05 HBsAg Reactive
2023-12-05 HBsAg (Value) 4397.98 S/CO
[exam findings]
[chemotherapy]
[tube-feeding]
The 2 drugs in the active medication list - Anxiedin (lorazepam) and Brintellix (vortioxetine) can both be tube-fed.
[AML suppression & transfusion: prophylactic approach at 10K PLT & beyond petechiae]
Patients with AML can have suppressed bone marrow from AML and/or chemotherapy. It is generally recommended to use standard dose prophylactic transfusion of these patients at a threshold platelet count of 10K/uL, and transfusion for any bleeding greater than petechial bleeding.
[assessing anemia progression after recent LPRBC use]
The anemia observed appears to have intensified, following the administration of Leukocyte-Poor Red Blood Cells (LPRBC) on 2024-01-28. Should this condition persist, further LPRBC transfusions might be necessary.
[considering additional induction for inconsistent blast reduction]
Given that the blast count has not consistently remained below 5% (2024-01-17 bone marrow biopsy pathology IHC MPO 35-40 %) following the initial administration of the standard 7+3 regimen (2023-12-07 started) combined with Rydapt (midostaurin) for FLT3 mutation, it is advisable to proceed with a second cycle of induction therapy promptly, provided the patient’s condition allows for it.
[implementing simple suspension for esomeprazole tube feeding]
All oral medications listed as active can be administered via tube feeding. However, for Nexium (esomeprazole), it is recommended not to crush the tablets due to manufacturer guidelines. Instead, a simple suspension method (SSM) should be used to prepare the medication for tube administration.
The simple suspension method, also known as the water bath method, is a technique used to disperse solid oral medications into a liquid for administration through a nasogastric (NG) tube. This method is often used for patients who are unable to swallow tablets or capsules, such as those with dysphagia, a feeding tube, or a coma.
To perform the simple suspension method:
Tips for using the simple suspension method:
[anemia and neutropenia]
Blood product transfusion is recommended for anemia. For anticipated severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] < 500 for more than 7 days), prophylactic antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin may be considered as a preventive measure.
[Rydapt (midostaurin) underdosed]
On 2023-12-05, the patient tested positive for HBsAg, indicating a current infection. Baraclude (entecavir 0.5mg) has been prescribed at a dosage of 1# QDAC.
The FLT3/ITD mutation was detected on 2023-12-15. Rydapt (midostaurin) is recommended at a dosage of 50 mg twice daily from days 8 to 21 of each induction cycle, in combination with daunorubicin and cytarabine. A second induction cycle is advised if there is clear evidence of significant residual leukemia. Presently, Rydapt (midostaurin) is being administered at 25mg BID, which is half the recommended dose. It is therefore suggested to increase the dosage to the recommended 50mg BID.
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[tube-feeding]
Tube feeding is available for all oral medications on the active drug list.
[exam findings] (not completed)
2024-06-23, -06-21, -06-17 CXR erect
2024-06-20 ECG
2024-06-18 ECG
2024-06-14 SONO guiding aspiration - thoracocentesis
2024-06-14 CT - chest
2024-06-12 CXR
2024-06-09 CXR
2024-06-09 CT - brain
2024-06-09 ECG
2024-04-09 CXR (erect)
2024-03-11 Bronchodilator Test
2024-03-04 CXR
2024-03-04 Bladder Sonography
2024-02-02 CXR erect
2024-01-19 CT - chest
2024-01-12 2D transthoracic echocardiography
2024-01-10, 2023-12-11, -11-16 CXR
2023-10-26 Cell Block
2023-10-25 2D transthoracic echocardiography
……….
2019-09-03 CT - abdomen
2019-05-27 EUS
2019-05-27 CT - chest
2019-05-03 Surgical pathology Level IV
2019-04-23 CT - abdomen
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemmotherapy]
[tube feeding - Dulcolax (bisacodyl 5mg)]
Dulcolax (bisacodyl 5mg):
[proactive potassium supplementation for heart patients on propafenone]
Laboratory findings revealed the development of hypokalemia.
Hypokalemia typically manifests with serum potassium concentrations between 3.0 and 3.4 mEq/L, often remaining asymptomatic. However, individuals with pre-existing cardiac conditions, particularly those receiving digitalis or certain antiarrhythmic medications, may experience symptoms at these potassium levels.
Therefore, potassium supplementation is recommended throughout propafenone therapy to proactively address potential hypokalemia.
Lab data from 2024-01-22 indicated that the tumor markers CEA and SCC continued their previous upward trend. Other lab parameters, such as blood cell counts, electrolytes, and liver and kidney functions, were within acceptable ranges. No discrepancies in medication were identified.
[evolving disease activity? CEA & SCC levels raise concerns]
Since mid-Dec 2023, an initial upward trend has been observed in both CEA and SCC levels. This may suggest possible disease progression or decreased effectiveness of the current treatment regimen (Erbitux + FOLFIRI, initialized early Nov 2023).
2024-01-09 CEA (NM) 4604.100 ng/ml
2023-12-26 CEA (NM) 3546.800 ng/ml
2023-12-15 CEA (NM) 3143.700 ng/ml
2023-12-01 CEA (NM) 6128.400 ng/ml
2023-11-17 CEA (NM) 15774.500 ng/ml
2023-10-20 CEA (NM) 20331.000 ng/ml
2023-10-03 CEA (NM) 29059.500 ng/ml
2023-07-11 CEA (NM) 11534.600 ng/ml
2023-06-20 CEA (NM) 5571.400 ng/ml
2023-05-16 CEA (NM) 2113.400 ng/ml
2023-03-21 CEA (NM) 194.380 ng/ml
2023-02-15 CEA (NM) 31.804 ng/ml
2024-01-09 SCC (NM) 2.64 ng/mL
2023-12-15 SCC (NM) 1.76 ng/mL
2023-12-01 SCC (NM) 1.46 ng/mL
2023-11-17 SCC (NM) 2.18 ng/mL
2023-10-20 SCC (NM) 3.31 ng/mL
2023-10-03 SCC (NM) 3.08 ng/mL
Repeat prescriptions that are still valid currently within the past 3 months are not shown in PharmaCloud.
Slight hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, and hypomagnesemia were observed in the laboratory results from 2023-11-16. Close monitoring is recommended.
An episode of leukopenia occurred on 2023-11-10, approximately 1 week after the patient’s first dose of Erbitux + FOLFIRI (reduced dose). The patient’s WBC before the second administration of the regimen was even lower than before the first administration. Therefore, there is a possibility of developing another episode of leukopenia after the second administration. Careful monitoring is advised.
[lab data]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
As of 2024-02-16, the patient demonstrates stable vital signs and grossly normal laboratory values (2024-02-15). Entecavir (Baraclude) is currently utilized for the management of Anti-HBc positivity. No medication discrepancies were identified.
[lab data]
2023-06-19 RPR/VDRL Nonreactive
2023-06-19 HIV Ab-EIA Nonreactive
2023-06-19 Anti-HIV Value 0.05 S/CO
2023-06-19 Anti-HBs >1000.00 mIU/mL
2023-06-19 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-06-19 HBsAg (Value) 0.30 S/CO
2023-06-19 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-06-19 Anti-HCV Value 0.07 S/CO
2023-06-06 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-06-06 HBsAg (Value) 0.27 S/CO
2023-06-06 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-06-06 Anti-HCV Value 0.08 S/CO
2023-06-06 Anti-HBc Reactive
2023-06-06 Anti-HBc-Value 4.98 S/CO
2023-05-30 CEA (NM) 1908.200 ng/ml
[exam findings]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
RT (2024-01-26 ~ 2024-02-08): 3000cGy/10 fractions (6MV photon) of the metastatic brain tumor. RT (2024-02-05 ~ undergoing): 1500cGy/5 fractions (10MV photon) of the metastatic sacrum area.
[chemotherapy]
[reconciliation]
Treatment for the patient’s UTI commenced on 2024-02-15 with Flumarin (flumoxef sodium) 1000mg Q8H IVD. Additionally, on 2024-02-05, the patient initiated radiotherapy of the metastatic sacrum area with a total dose of 1500 cGy delivered in 5 fractions using 10MV photons. Baraclude (entecavir) is used to prevent HBV from becoming reactivated. No medication discrepancies were identified.
After examining both PharmaCloud and HIS5 records, no medication discrepancies were found.
Erbitux (cetuximab) was first administered on 2023-08-03 in conjunction with the 4th dose of the FOLFIRI regimen which began on 2023-06-27 (2023-06-09 no variant detect in the KRAS/NRAS gene). Based on the CEA lab data, the decreasing trend suggests that the regimen has been effective so far.
2023-08-23 CEA (NM) 457.140 ng/ml 2023-08-04 CEA (NM) 962.760 ng/ml 2023-07-14 CEA (NM) 1473.200 ng/ml 2023-07-14 CEA (NM) 1508.900 ng/ml 2023-05-30 CEA (NM) 1908.200 ng/ml
As of the current date, the patient’s oral Alinamin-F (vitamin B complex) and Bokey (aspirin) prescriptions, which were refilled for 30 days on 2023-07-15, are not listed in the active medication list. To ensure patient appropriate treatment, it is advisable to recheck the necessity of these medications.
According to the PharmaCloud records, the patient received treatment for acute sinusitis from a local ENT clinic on 2023-05-25 and was provided with a 3-day short-term prescription that is no longer valid. This does not pose a medication reconciliation issue.
On 2023-05-08, the patient was prescribed Evista (raloxifene 60mg) 1# QD and Celebrex (celecoxib 200mg) 1# QD by our hospital’s orthopedic department, both on a refillable basis. Currently, Evista is included in the patient’s active medication list. Celebrex has been replaced by Deflam-K (diclofenac 25mg) 1# QD, which does not seem to present any medication reconciliation issues. The adjustments are in alignment with the patient’s current health status.
A fistula between the sigmoid colon and the bladder was seen on 2023-05-25 in the lower GI series. A urine culture obtained on 2023-06-13 confirmed the presence of both Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli, both greater than 100,000 CFU/cc. After a T-loop colostomy on 2023-06-15, the stool culture on 2023-06-19 showed only the presence of normal flora, with no non-intestinal pathogens identified.
The lab results from 2023-06-06 and 2023-06-19 indicated that the patient tested positive for Anti-HBc and Anti-HBs, suggesting a past HBV infection. Given this, if immunosuppressive chemotherapy is planned, prophylactic antiviral therapy with either Baraclude (entecavir 0.5mg) 1# QDAC or Vemlidy (tenofovir alafenamide 25mg) 1# QD is recommended, at least for the duration of the chemotherapy. This measure can help prevent potential reactivation of the HBV infection due to the immunosuppressive effects of chemotherapy.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[gabapentin and duloxetine in neurotoxicity management]
Grade 2 neurotoxicity has been recorded in the patient’s progress notes. Neurontin (gabapentin) is currently being administered for management. Should the neurological symptoms persist, the use of duloxetine may be considered as a potential therapeutic option.
Ref: Platinum-induced neurotoxicity and preventive strategies: past, present, and future. Oncologist. 2015 Apr;20(4):411-32. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0044. Epub 2015 Mar 12. PMID: 25765877; PMCID: PMC4391771.
[Dipeptiven administration]
To the primary nurse,
Dipeptiven 100 mL (alanyl glutamine 20g) can be diluted with NS 250-1000 mL. After dilution, it can be stored at room temperature for 24 hours.
If the patient is still on port-A, based on her body weight of about 56kg, IV infusion is recommended not less than 3.6 hours (20g / (0.1g/kg/hr x 56kg)), 4 to 6 hours would be even better.
[chemotherapy]
[leukopenia]
It appears that the patient’s WBC level has been in a downward trend even with G-CSF. G-CSF is still the appropriate agent for this patient’s leukopenia episodes.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[adapting Vidaza (azacitidine) dosing in MDS treatment]
The patient, weighing 59kg with a height of 159cm, has a BMI of 23.3 kg/m2 and a BSA of 1.61 m2.
For MDS, azacitidine administration is typically recommended as follows:
Alternative dosing schedules include:
For this patient, Vidaza (azacitidine) was administered at an approximate dosage of 62 mg/m2/day (100mg/day) for 3 or 2 days, with intervals varying from 1 to 3 weeks. This represents a lower dosage (mg/kg/day), shorter duration (reduced from the recommended 7 or 5 days to 3 or 2 days), and a more frequent dosing schedule (shorter cycle intervals). Deviating from the standard recommended regimen could potentially yield different therapeutic outcomes from the original regimen’s design.
[transfusion-dependent patient: elevated ferritin suggests iron overload, deferasirox considered]
Given the patient’s history of receiving multiple blood transfusions monthly for an extended period, lab data from 2023-12-13 revealed a serum ferritin level of 2261.8 ng/mL, suggesting the possibility of iron overload. Jadenu (deferasirox), the sole iron chelator available at this institution, could be considered as a treatment option. As of 2024-02-16, the patient’s ALT level was 14 U/L and the eGFR was 60.88 ml/min/1.73m^2, indicating no contraindications for using this medication. Jadenu treatment may be initiated at a dosage of 14 mg/kg daily, with subsequent dose adjustments every 3 to 6 months, depending on serum ferritin levels.
Jadenu (deferasirox) at a daily dose of 360 mg has been administered since Dec 2023. This dosage is below the suggested level of 14 mg/kg for a 59 kg individual, which would amount to 826 mg daily.
[lab data]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[navigating anemia treatment for MDS with iron overload]
Azacitidine and decitabine are commonly known as hypomethylating agents (HMA) due to their ability to inhibit DNA methyltransferase. However, it remains uncertain whether this inhibition fully explains their therapeutic action in Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS). Comparative studies between azacitidine and decitabine in lower-risk MDS cases have not definitively shown one HMA to be superior to the other. This patient underwent 6 sessions of Vidaza (azacitidine) treatment from Nov 2022 to May 2023, approximately on a monthly basis. For patients who do not sufficiently respond to one HMA, the likelihood of responding to the other is minimal.
Laboratory results on 2024-02-01 revealed a serum ferritin level of 1811 ng/mL, suggesting possible iron overload, likely due to repeated blood transfusions. Should this diagnosis be confirmed, Jadenu (deferasirox), the sole iron chelator available at this hospital, might be considered as a viable treatment option. However, its use is contraindicated in patients with an eGFR < 40. Given the patient’s creatinine level of 6.03 mg/dL, eGFR of 9.82 ml/min/1.73m^2, and BUN of 104 mg/dL on 2024-02-16, it is advisable to minimize the frequency of LPRBC transfusions. Moreover, treatment with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) to alleviate anemia associated with MDS is generally more efficacious in patients with serum erythropoietin (EPO) levels below 500 mU/mL. For patients with an adequate response to ESA therapy, it is recommended to continue treatment and adjust administration to minimize transfusions and maintain HGB 10 to 12 g/dL.
The patient’s reliance on blood transfusions to maintain HGB and PLT levels is a critical aspect of his clinical history and care. The levels of both HGB and PLT have been consistently below the lower limit of normal since 2021, according to available laboratory data in HIS5. Anemia and thrombocytopenia are present prior to the initiation of azacitidine treatment, suggesting that these conditions are unlikely to be due solely to the drug. However, azacitidine may exacerbate these conditions because it can cause myelosuppression. The most update PLT level on 2023-05-09 was 21K/uL. In circumstances where the PLT count dips below 25K/uL, a dose reduction of 50% for the upcoming treatment cycle is typically recommended.
The patient’s serum creatinine level has remained below 2mg/dl until late March 2023, and there is currently an obvious upward trend in the level.
Deferasirox can cause acute renal failure and death, particularly in patients with comorbidities and those who are in the advanced stages of their hematologic disorders. Deferasirox is contraindicated in patients with eGFR less than 40mL/min/1.73m2.
Other iron chelators are available in the market, but this hospital does not procure deferiprone and deferoxamine is currently out of stock.
To prioritize kidney function over iron overload, an alternative option could be to reduce or hold the dose of deferasirox to prevent the serum creatinine from exceeding 2mg/dL. (eGFR 40 to 60 mL/minute/1.73m2: Reduce initial deferasirox dose by 50%. ref: UpToDate)
Transfusional iron overload occurs when transfusions are given for anemia not caused by iron deficiency. Despite the administration of Jadenu (deferasirox) since early December 2022, the patient’s ferritin level has been consistently fluctuating at a high level since that time.
Vidaza (azacitidine) to treat MDS: Subsequent cycles 75 mg/m2/day for 7 days every 4 weeks; dose may be increased to 100 mg/m2/day if no benefit is observed after 2 cycles and no toxicity other than nausea and vomiting have occurred. Patients should be treated for a minimum of 4 to 6 cycles; treatment may be continued as long as patient continues to benefit.
Since the patient has been admitted to receive his 4th cycle of azacitidine during this hospitalization, it would be appropriate to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment in the next few follow-up visits.
Lab data (2022-12-23) showed low HGB (8.4g/dL, grade 3) and PLT (33K/uL, grade 3). Jadenu (deferasirox) 360mg PO DQAC is applied to lower the excess iron storage in this patient following times of LPRBC transfusion. Since September 20, 2022, Feburic (febuxostat 80mg) has been successful in lowering the patient’s serum uric acid. Rare excess ULN events have been observed since then. The recommended initial dose of febuxostat is 40 mg once daily, as the patient is senior aged, his hyperuricemia has been well-controlled, and his renal function readings are outside the normal limits, it is recommended to adjust the febuxostat dose to 40mg QD. It appears that Allegra (fexofenadine), Feburic (febuxostat), Jadenu (deferasirox), Smecta (dioctahedral smectite), Stogamet (cimetidine), Utapine (quetiapine) have been prescribed twice (one of each drug marked as a self-carried item). Please confirm the need for multiple prescriptions.
2022-11-25 albumin 3.2g/dL. The patient is receiving azacitidine for the first time. In a study, it was suggested that the use of azacitidine is not recommended when albumin levels are lower than 3 g/dL. (ref: Dose recommendations for anticancer drugs in patients with renal or hepatic impairment. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20(4):e200-e207. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30145-7). A closer monitor might be necessary.
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the treatment with the highest potential to cure MDS. However, because of advanced age, comorbid conditions, lack of adequately matched donors, and/or patient preferences, only a small subset of patients with MDS are candidates for allogeneic HCT. Ferritin 694.9ng/mL (2022-08-13, normal 23.9~336.2). A high level of iron in the blood might lead to hemochromatosis. The clinical manifestations of iron overload can be influenced by the amount of tissue iron and the presence of other conditions that lead to organ dysfunction. Cardiac iron overload can lead to the following complications: dilated cardiomyopathy, diastolic dysfunction, heart failure, conduction disturbances, sinus node dysfunction. (NT-proBNP 14016 pg/mL 2022-09-28 <- 5491 pg/mL 2022-09-16) There is no further deterioration in kidney function during Sep 2022 as ceatinine remains around 1.5 mg/dL and eGFR remains around 45-50 mg/dL.
[drug identification]
requesting drug identification for 2 items.
all the 2 items are identified as following…
these drugs will be sent back to ward by an in-hospital porter.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[tube feeding]
There are currently no oral drugs on the active medication list.
[lab data]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemoimmunotherapy]
2024-01-25 - glofitamab 2.5mg NS 100mL 4hr (Columvi)
2024-01-18 - obinutuzumab 1000mg NS 500mL 5hr (Gazyva)
2023-12-07 - rituximab 375mg/m2 650mg NS 500mL 8hr D1 + carboplatin AUC 5 300mg 24hr D2 + dexamethasone 40mg/m2 20mg BID PO D2-5 + cytarabine 2000mg/m2 3500mg NS 500mL 3hr Q12H D3 (R-DHAP Q3W. Gao WeiYao)
2023-09-26 - rituximab 375mg/m2 679mg NS 500mL 8hr D1 + cisplatin 100mg/m2 180mg NS 500mL 24hr D2 + dexamethasone 40mg/m2 20mg BID PO D2-5 + cytarabine 2000mg/m2 3600mg NS 500mL 3hr Q12H D3 (R-DHAP Q3W. Gao WeiYao)
2023-06-20 (R-CHOP Q3W. Xia HeXiong)
2023-05-30 - rituximab 375mg/m2 680mg NS 500mL 10hr D1 + cyclophosphamide 750mg/m2 1350mg NS 250mL 30min D2 + doxorubicin 50mg/m2 90mg NS 50mL 30min D2 + vincristine 1.4mg/m2 2mg NS 50mL 10min D2 + prednisolone 60mg/m2 50mg BID PO D2-6 (R-CHOP Q3W)
2023-04-03 - rituximab 375mg/m2 680mg NS 500mL 10hr D1 + cyclophosphamide 750mg/m2 1350mg NS 250mL 30min D2 + doxorubicin 50mg/m2 90mg NS 50mL 30min D2 + vincristine 1.4mg/m2 2mg NS 50mL 10min D2 + prednisolone 60mg/m2 50mg BID PO D2-6 (R-CHOP Q3W)
2023-03-09 - rituximab 375mg/m2 680mg NS 500mL 10hr D1 + cyclophosphamide 750mg/m2 1350mg NS 250mL 30min D2 + doxorubicin 50mg/m2 90mg NS 50mL 30min D2 + vincristine 1.4mg/m2 2mg NS 50mL 10min D2 + prednisolone 60mg/m2 50mg BID PO D2-6 (R-CHOP Q3W)
2023-02-17 - rituximab 375mg/m2 680mg NS 500mL 10hr D1 + cyclophosphamide 750mg/m2 1350mg NS 250mL 30min D2 + doxorubicin 50mg/m2 90mg NS 50mL 30min D2 + vincristine 1.4mg/m2 2mg NS 50mL 10min D2 + prednisolone 60mg/m2 50mg BID PO D2-6 (R-CHOP Q3W)
(R)DHAP - Cisplatin, Cytarabine and Dexamethasone +/- Rituximab - 2024-01-08 - https://www.england.nhs.uk/south/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2018/11/RDHAP.pdf
60 - 100%
[kidney decline and fluid concern: edema check recommended]
Kidney function is deteriorating.
The patient’s body weight increased from 70.4kg on 2024-02-02 to 75.1kg on 2024-02-08. It is advisable to assess for any indicators of fluid accumulation or edema.
When furosemide is used, higher doses may be required to achieve the desired diuretic response due to decreased secretion into the tubular fluid.
Additionally, the absence of acidosis is confirmed by blood gas analysis on 2024-02-08. If the underlying causes of the acidosis have been resolved, then it would be appropriate to consider discontinuing sodium bicarbonate therapy at an opportune moment.
[strategic Jadenu administration: addressing high ferritin level]
On 2024-02-01, a ferritin level of 10238 ng/mL was observed, potentially indicative of iron overload, possibly from multiple blood transfusions. Confirmation of this could lead to the consideration of Jadenu (deferasirox) as a treatment option, the only iron chelator available in this hospital. Its use is contraindicated for patients with eGFR < 40. (2024-02-01 eGFR 19.94 ml/min/1.73m^2)
Upon recovery of kidney function to eGFR > 40, an initial 50% dose reduction is recommended. No dosage adjustment is needed for eGFR > 60.
For patients with moderate liver impairment (Child-Pugh class B), a 50% dose reduction is advised initially, with vigilant monitoring for efficacy and adverse reactions that might necessitate further dosage adjustments. Jadenu use is not recommended for severe liver impairment (Child-Pugh class C).
In cases with no liver or kidney impairments, Jadenu may be started at 14 mg/kg daily, with dose adjustments every 3 to 6 months based on serum ferritin levels, and tailored to individual responses and treatment goals. If control is insufficient at 21 mg/kg/day, doses may be increased up to 28 mg/kg/day for persistently high serum ferritin levels above 2500 ng/mL. Doses above 28 mg/kg/day are not advised. A reduction in dose is considered if serum ferritin levels drop below 1000 ng/mL on two consecutive assessments, especially for doses above 17.5 mg/kg/day. Therapy should be paused if levels fall below 500 ng/mL, with monthly monitoring thereafter.
[monitoring for CRS during these 2 or 3 days]
The last R-DHAP treatment was administered on 2023-12-07, with an expectation that the bone marrow suppression effect would almost diminish by the end of the year. However, since the beginning of 2024, the patient’s HGB levels have continued to remain low, ranging from just over 6 to 8 g/dL, indicating persistent anemia.
Gazyva (obinutuzumab) was administered on 2024-01-18, and 8 days later today 2024-01-26, the patient’s HGB had dropped by approximately 1 g/dL, necessitating a transfusion today. While the incidence of anemia with Gazyva is 12% to 39% (grades 3/4: 5% to 10%), it was administered only once as per the regimen schedule. Attention should now be directed towards the potential impact of Columvi (glofitamab) administered on 2024-01-25, as it has a higher incidence of decreased hemoglobin (72%; grades 3/4: 8%).
Close monitoring for cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is advised during these 2 or 3 days while Columvi (glofitamab) is being initiated.
For continuing the Columvi (glofitamab) regimen, the next 10mg dose should be scheduled for 2024-02-01 (C1D15).
[grading and managing CRS in glofitamab therapy]
Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) - 2024-01-26 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cytokine-release-syndrome-crs
In the event of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) caused by glofitamab, grading can be aligned with the NCI CTCAE v5.0 criteria.
Regardless of the underlying cause of mild CRS, it is suggested symptomatic treatment with antihistamines, antipyretics, intravenous fluids, and close monitoring. For patients with mild CRS, the balance of benefit and toxicity with symptomatic treatment is more favorable than with high dose glucocorticoids, tocilizumab, or interruption of the infusion. The goal of management is to prevent life-threatening toxicity from CRS while sustaining the antitumor effects of the immunotherapy.
For grade 3/4 CRS caused by glofitamab, administer dexamethasone 8 mg (or 5 mg/m2 if <45 kg; maximum: 8 mg) IV or PO Q8H for up to 3 days, then taper over 4 days. In addition, for patients with an inadequate response, tocilizumab (8 mg/kg IV) can be given.
[Bestnem 500mg Q6H too high for eGFR 18.47, consider 200mg Q6H or 500mg Q12H]
The eGFR level of 18.47 measured on 2024-01-15 falls within the 15-30 range for which the Sanford Guide recommends Imipenem/Cilastatin dosing of 200mg Q6H or 500mg Q12H. As the current regimen of Bestnem 500mg IVD Q6H exceeds the recommended Sanford Guide guidance, a dose adjustment to either 200mg Q6H or 500mg Q12H is recommended to potentially reduce the risk of adverse effects.
[Feburic dose modification for lower eGFR]
As of 2024-01-08, the patient’s uric acid level was 6.0mg/dL and eGFR was 19.54mL/min/1.73m².
While currently taking Feburic (febuxostat 80mg) 1# QD, this dosage exceeds the recommended limit of 40mg daily for patients with CrCl below 30mL/minute.
Therefore, a dose reduction to 0.5# QD is advisable to ensure safe and effective management.
[prioritizing kidney recovery: temporary hold on R-DHAP]
The patient’s eGFR has significantly declined over the past six months, dropping from over 80 to below 20 (as of 2024-01-08). This concerning decline occurred despite receiving only three immunochemotherapy sessions during this period:
Lab results for eGFR
It is important to note that the R-DHAP regimen is not recommended for patients with creatinine clearance (CrCl) below 30mL/min.
[tube feeding]
Concor 5mg - Utilize the Simple Suspension Method (SSM) for administration. This method requires dissolving the tablet in warm drinking water for 5-10 minutes, occasionally stirring or gently shaking the container until complete dissolution. Once dissolved, it is suitable for administration via a feeding tube. The SSM is effective for dissolving tablets and capsules in warm water, preparing them for suspension and tube feeding.
The patient has been regularly visiting a local healthcare provider primarily for the management of his hypertension. The most recent consultation was on 2023-06-06, during which the patient was prescribed bisoprolol, valsartan, atorvastatin, and febuxostat. The current active medication list includes Concor (bisoprolol), Feburic (febuxostat), Atozet (ezetimibe + atorvastatin), and Exforge (amlodipine + valsartan). So far during this hospitalization, there have been no observations of elevated blood pressure readings. No discrepancies have been identified in the medication reconciliation process.
Leukopenia was detected with the lowest WBC count dropping to 420/uL on 2023-06-10, 11 days after the last R-CHOP regimen was initiated on 2023-05-30. To address this, G-CSF (filgrastim 150ug) was administered for 3 consecutive days beginning on 2023-06-10, which led to a noticeable increase in WBC count by 2023-06-12.
Possible leukopenia-related bilateral ground-glass opacity in the lower lungs was revealed in the CXR performed on 2023-06-10, potentially indicating respiratory infections. This might also be substantiated by an elevated CRP level of 8.9mg/dL and a fever of 39.2°C recorded on the same day. Following the initiation of Cefim (cefepime 2000mg every 8 hours), the patient’s fever seems to have been managed effectively.
Recent lab results have shown that the patient’s hs-Troponin I, total bilirubin, and BUN levels have exceeded the upper limit of normal. The root causes of these elevated levels might require further investigation.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[immunochemotherapy]
2024-02-08 - vinorelbine 25mg/m2 48mg NS 50mL 10min + carboplatin AUC 5 450mg NS 250mL 2hr
2024-01-19 - vinorelbine 30mg/m2 55mg NS 250mL 10min + carboplatin AUC 5 450mg NS 250mL 2hr
2023-11-27 - Trodelvy (sacituzumab govitecan) 10mg/kg 180mg NS 100mL 3hr
2023-11-08 - Trodelvy (sacituzumab govitecan) 10mg/kg 180mg NS 100mL 3hr
2023-03-24 - Enhertu (trastuzumab deruxtecan) 100mg D5W 100mL 90min
2023-02-24 - Enhertu (trastuzumab deruxtecan) 100mg D5W 100mL 90min
2023-02-10 - Enhertu (trastuzumab deruxtecan) 100mg D5W 100mL 90min
2023-01-27 - Enhertu (trastuzumab deruxtecan) 100mg D5W 100mL 90min
2023-01-09 - Enhertu (trastuzumab deruxtecan) 100mg D5W 100mL 90min
2022-12-26 - Halaven (eribulin mesylate) 1.4mg/m2 2.4mg NS 50mL 10min + Avastin (bevacizumab) 10mg/kg 700mg NS 250mL 90min
2022-12-12 - Halaven (eribulin mesylate) 1.4mg/m2 2.4mg NS 50mL 10min + Avastin (bevacizumab) 10mg/kg 693mg NS 250mL 90min
2022-11-28 - Halaven (eribulin mesylate) 1.4mg/m2 2.4mg NS 50mL 10min + Avastin (bevacizumab) 10mg/kg 700mg NS 250mL 90min
2022-11-14 - Halaven (eribulin mesylate) 1.4mg/m2 2.4mg NS 50mL 10min + Avastin (bevacizumab) 10mg/kg 700mg NS 250mL 90min
2022-10-26 - Halaven (eribulin mesylate) 1.4mg/m2 2.4mg NS 50mL 10min + Avastin (bevacizumab) 10mg/kg 700mg NS 250mL 90min
2022-10-12 - Halaven (eribulin mesylate) 1.4mg/m2 2.4mg NS 50mL 10min + Avastin (bevacizumab) 10mg/kg 700mg NS 250mL 90min
2022-09-21 - Halaven (eribulin mesylate) 1.4mg/m2 2.4mg NS 50mL 10min + Avastin (bevacizumab) 10mg/kg 700mg NS 250mL 90min
2022-09-08 - Halaven (eribulin mesylate) 1.4mg/m2 2.3mg NS 50mL 10min + Avastin (bevacizumab) 10mg/kg 678mg NS 250mL 90min
2022-08-23 - Halaven (eribulin mesylate) 1.4mg/m2 2.3mg NS 50mL 10min + Avastin (bevacizumab) 10mg/kg 665mg NS 250mL 90min
2022-07-20 - Halaven (eribulin mesylate) 1.4mg/m2 2.4mg NS 50mL 10min + Avastin (bevacizumab) 10mg/kg 700mg NS 250mL 90min
2022-07-06 - Halaven (eribulin mesylate) 1.4mg/m2 2.4mg NS 50mL 10min + Avastin (bevacizumab) 10mg/kg 700mg NS 250mL 90min
2022-06-22 - Halaven (eribulin mesylate) 1.4mg/m2 2.4mg NS 50mL 10min + Avastin (bevacizumab) 10mg/kg 700mg NS 250mL 90min
2022-05-23 - Keytruda (pembrolizumab) 200mg NS 100mL 30min
2022-04-27 - Keytruda (pembrolizumab) 200mg NS 100mL 30min
2022-04-07 - Keytruda (pembrolizumab) 200mg NS 100mL 30min
2022-03-17 - Keytruda (pembrolizumab) 200mg NS 100mL 30min
2022-02-23 - Keytruda (pembrolizumab) 200mg NS 100mL 30min
2022-01-04 - pembrolizumab 200mg NS 100mL 30min + epirubicin 90mg/m2 154mg NS 100mL 30min + cyclophosphamide 600mg/m2 1030mg NS 500mL 1hr (Keytruda + EC(90) Q3W)
2021-12-07 - pembrolizumab 200mg NS 100mL 30min + epirubicin 90mg/m2 157mg NS 100mL 30min + cyclophosphamide 600mg/m2 1047mg NS 500mL 1hr (Keytruda + EC(90) Q3W)
2021-11-16 - pembrolizumab 200mg NS 100mL 30min + epirubicin 90mg/m2 160mg NS 100mL 30min + cyclophosphamide 600mg/m2 1060mg NS 500mL 1hr (Keytruda + EC(90) Q3W)
2021-10-26 - pembrolizumab 200mg NS 100mL 30min + epirubicin 90mg/m2 160mg NS 100mL 30min + cyclophosphamide 600mg/m2 1066mg NS 500mL 1hr (Keytruda + EC(90) Q3W)
2021-10-05 - pembrolizumab 200mg NS 100mL 30min + docetaxel 75mg/m2 135mg NS 250mL 60min + carboplatin AUC 2 450mg NS 250mL 2hr
2021-09-14 - docetaxel 75mg/m2 134mg NS 250mL 1hr + carboplatin AUC 2 450mg NS 250mL 2hr
2021-08-24 - docetaxel 75mg/m2 135mg NS 250mL 1hr + carboplatin AUC 2 450mg NS 250mL 2hr
2021-07-30 - docetaxel 75mg/m2 135mg NS 250mL 1hr + carboplatin AUC 2 450mg NS 250mL 2hr
Treatment protocols for breast cancer - 2024-02-08 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-protocols-for-breast-cancer
[precautions for chemotherapy during holidays]
The final two treatments of the vinorelbine plus carboplatin regimen occurred on 2024-01-19 and 2024-02-08, with the nadir of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia recorded on 2024-01-26, roughly one week after the initial treatment.
2024-02-07 WBC 9.93 x10^3/uL
2024-02-01 WBC 12.25 x10^3/uL
2024-01-29 WBC 1.11 x10^3/uL **
2024-01-26 WBC 0.68 x10^3/uL ***
2024-01-22 WBC 11.94 x10^3/uL
2024-01-17 WBC 13.18 x10^3/uL
2024-02-07 PLT 56 *10^3/uL **
2024-02-01 PLT 41 10^3/uL **
2024-01-29 PLT 74 *10^3/uL **
2024-01-26 PLT 12 10^3/uL **
2024-01-22 PLT 38 10^3/uL **
2024-01-17 PLT 114 10^3/uL
Following the administration of Granocyte (lenograstim), leukopenia has ceased. However, there was slight thrombocytopenia present even before the first treatment, which worsened post-medication.
On 2024-02-08, the second treatment day coinciding with the Lunar New Year holiday, the vinorelbine dose was reduced by approximately 15% compared to the first session. Despite this reduction, the risk of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia cannot be entirely dismissed, suggesting the preemptive preparation of G-CSF and platelet transfusions might be prudent.
[declining liver function: considering GaoGan (silymarin) in absence of contraindications]
Lab results showed that the patient’s liver function deteriorated in these 7 days, it might be beneficial to add BaoGan (silymarin) as a hepatoprotective agent if there is no contraindication.
2024-02-07 ALT 56 U/L
2024-02-01 ALT 31 U/L
2024-02-07 AST 87 U/L
2024-02-01 AST 44 U/L
2024-02-07 Bilirubin total 3.62 mg/dL
2024-02-01 Bilirubin total 2.33 mg/dL
2024-02-07 Bilirubin direct 2.30 mg/dL
2024-02-01 Bilirubin direct 1.36 mg/dL
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
2023-07-05 SOAP Hemato-Oncology Xia HeXiong
2023-06-14 SOAP Dermatology Zhou WeiTing
2023-06-14 SOAP Hemato-Oncology Xia HeXiong
2023-06-02 SOAP Hemato-Oncology Wan XiangLin
2023-05-05, -04-07, -03-08 SOAP Hemato-Oncology Wan XiangLin
2023-04-06 SOAP Dermatology Zhou WeiTing
2023-03-22, -03-08 SOAP Dermatology Zhou WeiTing
2023-02-07, -01-10, 2022-12-13 SOAP Hemato-Oncology Zhang ShouYi
2023-02-01 SOAP Dermatology Zhou WeiTing
2023-01-18 SOAP Dermatology Zhou WeiTing
2022-11-22 SOAP Radiation Oncology Huang JingMin
2021-08-10 ~ 2021-08-16 POMR General and Gastrointestinal Surgery Wu ChaoQun
2021-06-09 ~ 2021-06-11 POMR General and Gastrointestinal Surgery Wu ChaoQun
2021-03-30 ~ 2021-04-03 POMR General and Gastrointestinal Surgery Wu ChaoQun
2021-03-03 ~ 2021-03-05 POMR Gastroenterology Chen JianHua
2020-11-30 ~ 2020-12-03 POMR Gastroenterology Chen JianHua
2020-09-14 ~ 2020-09-16 POMR Gastroenterology Chen JianHua
2020-07-01 ~ 2020-07-03 POMR Gastroenterology Chen JianHua
2020-04-20 ~ 2020-04-22 POMR Gastroenterology Chen JianHua
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[immunochemotherapy]
[marked AFP suppression following current chemotherapy initiation]
Lab data on 2024-02-02 were generally within normal limits, with the exception of a notably elevated AFP level, which significantly deviated from the reference range.
Since initiating ramucirumab plus FOLFOX on 2023-11-01, the previously increasing trend in AFP levels has been markedly suppressed, even showing a slight decrease, indicating the continued efficacy of this treatment regimen.
Medication not found to be missing.
[MedRec]
[lab data]
2024-01-03 BM chromosome analyz
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[NCCN guidelines on serum erythropoietin testing]
Revised international prognostic scoring system (IPSS-R) in myelodysplastic syndrome: score = 3.5 => risk grouop = intermediate
The NCCN guidelines recommend evaluating serum erythropoietin (EPO) levels to determine the necessity of recombinant human (rHu) EPO therapy.
While luspatercept is approved for anemia associated with MDS, it is currently not available at this hospital.
[MedRec]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
2024-02-05 - oxaliplatin 65mg/m2 120mg D5W 250mL 2hr + leucovorin 300mg/m2 550mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 2000mg/m2 3700mg NS 500mL 46hr + hydroxocobalamin 1mg IM (post oxalip) (FOLFOX)
2024-01-11 - oxaliplatin 65mg/m2 120mg D5W 250mL 2hr + leucovorin 300mg/m2 550mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 2000mg/m2 3700mg NS 500mL 46hr + hydroxocobalamin 1mg IM (post oxalip) (FOLFOX)
2023-12-22 - oxaliplatin 65mg/m2 120mg D5W 250mL 2hr + leucovorin 300mg/m2 550mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 2000mg/m2 3700mg NS 500mL 46hr + hydroxocobalamin 1mg IM D2 (post oxalip) (FOLFOX)
2023-11-28 - oxaliplatin 65mg/m2 120mg D5W 250mL 2hr + leucovorin 300mg/m2 550mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 2000mg/m2 3700mg NS 500mL 46hr + hydroxocobalamin 1mg IM D2 (post oxalip) (FOLFOX)
2023-11-06 - oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 150mg D5W 250mL 2hr + leucovorin 400mg/m2 750mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4500mg NS 500mL 46hr + hydroxocobalamin 1mg IM D2 (post oxalip) (FOLFOX)
……….
2023-09-05 - oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 160mg D5W 250mL 2hr + leucovorin 400mg/m2 750mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 400mg/m2 750mg NS 250mL 10min + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4000mg NS 500mL 46hr + hydroxocobalamin 1mg IM (post oxalip) (FOLFOX)
2023-07-25 - [fluorouracil 400mg/m2 750mg NS 50mL 10min + leucovorin 20mg/m2 40mg NS 100mL 10min] D1-4
2023-06-27 - [fluorouracil 400mg/m2 750mg NS 50mL 10min + leucovorin 20mg/m2 40mg NS 100mL 10min] D1-4,7
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
2023-12-21 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1500mg NS 100mL 30min
2023-12-07 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1500mg NS 100mL 30min + docetaxel 60mg/m2 90mg D5W 250mL 1hr
2023-11-30 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1500mg NS 100mL 30min
2023-10-18 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1500mg NS 100mL 30min + docetaxel 60mg/m2 100mg D5W 250mL 1hr
2023-10-11 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1500mg NS 100mL 30min
2023-09-26 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1500mg NS 100mL 30min + docetaxel 60mg/m2 100mg D5W 250mL 1hr
2023-09-19 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1500mg NS 100mL 30min
2023-09-05 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1500mg NS 100mL 30min + docetaxel 60mg/m2 100mg D5W 250mL 1hr
2023-08-29 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1500mg NS 100mL 30min
2023-08-15 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1500mg NS 100mL 30min + docetaxel 60mg/m2 90mg D5W 250mL 1hr
2023-08-08 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1500mg NS 100mL 30min
2023-07-11 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1500mg NS 100mL 30min + docetaxel 60mg/m2 100mg D5W 250mL 1hr
2023-06-27 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1500mg NS 100mL 30min + docetaxel 60mg/m2 100mg D5W 250mL 1hr
2023-06-20 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1500mg NS 100mL 30min
2023-06-06 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1500mg NS 100mL 30min + docetaxel 60mg/m2 100mg D5W 250mL 1hr
2023-05-30 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1500mg NS 100mL 30min
2023-05-16 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1500mg NS 100mL 30min + docetaxel 60mg/m2 100mg D5W 250mL 1hr
……….
2020-12-29 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1500mg NS 100mL 30min + docetaxel 60mg/m2 100mg D5W 250mL 1hr
2020-12-15 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1500mg NS 100mL 30min + docetaxel 60mg/m2 100mg D5W 250mL 1hr
2020-12-02 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1500mg NS 100mL 30min + docetaxel 60mg/m2 100mg D5W 250mL 1hr
2020-11-20 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1500mg NS 100mL 30min + docetaxel 30mg/m2 50mg D5W 250mL 1hr
2020-10-29 - gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 1500mg NS 100mL 30min + docetaxel 30mg/m2 50mg D5W 250mL 1hr
2020-10-07 - irinotecan 80mg/m2 125mg NS 500mL 1.5hr
2020-09-18 - irinotecan 80mg/m2 125mg NS 500mL 1.5hr + temozolomide 140mg PO D1-2
[MedRec]
[optimizing basal insulin in hyperglycemia management]
Throughout this hospitalization, serum glucose levels in the TPR panel were consistently observed between 200mg/dL and 290mg/dL. It is recommended to increase the daily basal insulin dosage by 2 units to assess potential improvements in glucose management.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[hyperglycemia and leukocytosis: a cortisol connection?]
Lab results:
Since 2024-02-04, hyperglycemia was noted in the TPR panel, accompanied by a right-shifted leukocytosis with a predominance of neutrophils, as confirmed by lab results on 2024-02-05. These findings could be secondary to hypercortisolism, recorded at 41 ug/dL, necessitating further investigation to determine the underlying cause, which could include adrenocortical carcinoma or Cushing’s syndrome. Evaluation of ACTH levels could provide more information to form insights.
[hypokalemia]
The patient has had persistent hypokalemia since 2024-01-01. A single dose of 4 units of regular insulin was administered on 2023-12-31. No further insulin injections have been given since then. She has been receiving “0.298% KCl in 0.9% NaCl 500mL IVD BID” for a week. This delivers 40mEq of potassium daily, equivalent to 4 tablets of Const-K (750mg, 10mEq). Despite this, the serum potassium level remains low. Therefore, a gradual increase in the daily potassium supplementation may be necessary.
Low magnesium (1.7mg/dL on 2024-01-05) can independently cause the kidneys to waste potassium through the urine. This likely involves an increase in potassium channels that allow potassium to exit the body. Providing appropriate magnesium supplements could be helpful.
[MedRec]
[Lab data]
2023-10-05 BM Cytogenetics Lab Report
2023-08-30 Anti-HBc Nonreactive
2023-08-30 Anti-HBc-Value 0.36 S/CO
2023-08-30 Anti-HBs 14.93 mIU/mL
2023-08-30 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-08-30 HBsAg (Value) 0.39 S/CO
2023-08-30 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-08-30 Anti-HCV Value 0.10 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
Dose-adjusted R-EPOCH – (da)-R-EPOCH: Infusional etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and rituximab (EPOCH-R) for non-Hodgkin lymphoma - 20231006 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=ONC%2F88411
Lab results from 2024-01-29 and 2024-02-01, along with vital signs readings in the TPR panel during the current hospital admission, remained predominantly normal. Examination of the HIS5 and PharmaCloud databases disclosed no medication discrepancies.
[etoposide dose increase back to standard recommended]
If no other issues or reasons for caution are identified, increasing the etoposide dose back to the standard level of 50mg/m2 (from the current 40mg/m2) is recommended.
[etoposide back to standard? clear coast, time to increase dose]
Recent lab tests (2023-12-22) show no obviously abnormalities.
While the etoposide dose has been reduced since 2023-11-23 (40mg/m2 75mg instead of the standard 50mg/m2 90mg), no adverse reactions of grade 2 or higher have been documented in the latest progress notes (2023-12-06 and current admission). In the event that absence of other concerns or contraindications, it is recommended to increase the etoposide dose back to the standard level.
The R-DA-EPOCH regimen was initiated on 2023-09-18 (cycle 1) and continued on 2023-11-01 (cycle 2). Lab values for LDH and B2 microglobulin were not particularly elevated at the time of diagnosis with DLBCL and have remained relatively stable, showing no significant changes after administration of one cycle of R-DA-EPOCH.
2023-10-27 B2-Microglobulin 2119 ng/mL
2023-08-31 B2-Microglobulin 1899 ng/mL
2023-10-26 LDH 179 U/L
2023-10-03 LDH 299 U/L
2023-09-06 LDH 200 U/L
During this hospitalization, the patient received the 2nd cycle of treatment. To date, there are no updated PET/CT imaging results following the initiation of therapy. The WBC DC in early Oct after the first cycle had shown single digit percentages of metamyelocytes, myelocytes, promyelocytes and atypical lymphocytes. However, in the most recent data from 2023-10-26, these numbers have dropped to zero.
| WBC DC | 2023-09-06 | 2023-09-18 | 2023-09-24 | 2023-09-26 | 2023-09-28 | 2023-10-03 | 2023-10-04 | 2023-10-09 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Band | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.1 | 0.0 | 4.5 | 0.0 | 2.0 |
| Neutrophil | 73.5 | 54.5 | 57.2 | 92.9 | 80.4 | 53.9 | 66.7 | 59.4 |
| Lymphocyte | 16.7 | 34.6 | 38.3 | 2.0 | 15.7 | 22.5 | 18.2 | 24.7 |
| Monocyte | 8.1 | 7.7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 6.7 | 10.1 | 9.9 |
| Eosinophil | 1.4 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.0 |
| Basophil | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Metamyelocyte | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 2.2 | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Myelocyte | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.5 | 3.0 | 2.0 |
| Promyelocyte | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Atypical Lymphocyte | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
No drug discrepancy is detected.
No medication inconsistencies were identified in the review of both PharmaCloud and HIS5 records. Prophylactic G-CSF was prescribed after the patient’s first R-DA-EPOCH treatment on 2023-09-18, and only a brief period of leukopenia was observed.
[exam findings] (not completed)
2024-01-15
2024-01-10 MRA - brain
2024-01-10 CT - brain
2024-01-03 Ascites tapping
2023-12-19 Ascites tapping
2023-12-05 Ascites tapping
2023-11-27 Body fluid cytology - asictes
2023-11-27 Ascites tapping
……….
2023-11-01 Patho - peritoneum biopsy
……….
2023-09-14 Patho - ovary
……….
[MedRec]
[consultation]
2024-01-12 Rehabilitation
2024-01-10 Neurology
2023-11-10 Dermatology
2023-11-02 Hemato-Oncology
2023-10-26 Obstetrics and Gynecology
2023-09-13 Obstetrics and Gynecology
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[evaluating Avastin’s risks: cerebral infarcts and bleeding concerns]
Avastin (bevacizumab) has been linked to venous thromboembolism (grades 3/4: 5% to 11%; 2024-01-31 D-dimer 7060 ng/mL FEU) and hemorrhage (grades >=3: <=7%; including major hemorrhage). Given that this patient recently experienced multifocal cerebral infarcts affecting the cerebellum and bilateral cerebral hemispheres in early to mid-January 2024, it is crucial to exclude the possibility that these infarcts may have been induced by the medication prior to next administration.
Additionally, recent lab data indicated rising CA125 and CA199 levels, warranting close observation and subsequent follow-up.
2024-01-30 CA125 (NM) 719.6 U/ml
2024-01-02 CA125 392.8 U/mL
2023-12-13 CA125 159.2 U/mL
2024-01-30 CA199 (NM) 1468.90 U/ml
2023-12-13 CA199 333.96 U/mL
2023-11-27 CA199 161.03 U/mL
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[reconciliation]
No medication discrepancy identified in Stazolin (cefazolin) 1000mg Q8H IVD and metronidazole 500mg Q6H IVD after appendectomy.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[reconciliation]
The patient presented to our emergency department with a week-long history of abdominal distension and pain. CT imaging revealed multiple hepatic tumors and bone mets, necessitating further investigation to determine the primary source. Lab tests highlighted abnormalities in liver function.
Ongoing management includes hydration, analgesics, electrolyte supplementation, diuretics, and gastrointestinal motility-enhancing agents. A review of the PharmaCloud database found no discrepancies in medication administration.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[immunochemotherapy]
[lab data]
2024-01-22 HBV DNA PCR (Quantitative) 246 IU/mL
2024-01-20 HBeAg Nonreactive 2024-01-20 HBeAg Value 0.361 S/CO
2024-01-11 HBsAg (NM) Positive 2024-01-11 HBsAg Value (NM) 1660.000 2024-01-11 Anti-HCV (NM) Positive 2024-01-11 Anti-HCV Value (NM) 57.800 2024-01-11 Anti-HBc (NM) Positive 2024-01-11 Anti-HBc Value (NM) 0.007 2024-01-11 Anti-HBs (NM) Negative 2024-01-11 Anti-HBs value (NM) <2.000 mIU/mL
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[prophylactic nucleoside analogues prescribed for this HBV carrier, silymarin may also be considered.]
The presence of detectable HBV DNA PCR, positive HBsAg, and anti-HBc positivity in recent lab results warrants consideration of pre-emptive antiviral nucleoside analog therapy before commencing chemotherapy to mitigate the risk of HBV reactivation. Self-carried Vemlidy (tenofovir alafenamide) has been prescribed with no discrepancy identified.
Since elevated AST, ALT and direct bilirubin were also noted, the addition of BaoGan (silimarin) could be considered optionally if no contraindication exists.
[lab data]
2024-01-02 Anti-HBc (NM) Positive
2024-01-02 Anti-HBc Value (NM) 0.012
2024-01-02 Anti-HBs (NM) Positive
2024-01-02 Anti-HBs Value (NM) 12.6 mIU/mL
2024-01-02 HBsAg (NM) Negative
2024-01-02 HBsAg Value (NM) 0.477
2024-01-02 Anti-HCV (NM) Negative
2024-01-02 Anti-HCV Value (NM) 0.035
2023-12-27 Fe (Iron-bound) 36 ug/dL
2023-12-27 TIBC 276 ug/dL
2023-12-27 UIBC 240 ug/dL
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
{donor}
[MedRec]
{bone marrow donor}
[MedRec]
2024-01-30
2024-01-23 SOAP Hemato-Oncology He JingLiang
[exam findings] (not completed)
[MedRec]
2023-12-13 ~ 2023-12-18 POMR Gastroenterology Chen JiangHua
2023-10-20 ~ 2023-10-26 POMR Gastroenterology Chen JiangHua
2023-05-15 ~ 2023-05-17 POMR Gastroenterology Chen JiangHua
2023-04-05 ~ 2023-04-08 POMR Gastroenterology Chen JiangHua
2022-12-21 SOAP Psychosomatic Medicine Chen YiQian
2022-11-08 ~ 2022-11-21 POMR Gastroenterology Chen JiangHua
2022-09-23 ~ 2022-09-27 POMR Integrative Medicine Chen HengXiang
2021-08-27 ~ 2021-08-28 POMR Nephrology Hong SiQun
2020-11-02 ~ 2020-11-10 POMR Ear Nose Throat Su WanYu
2019-06-05 SOAP Urology Xie ZhengXing
2017-08-14 SOAP Cardiology Zhang HengJia
2017-07-27 SOAP Chest Medicine Huang JunYao
2017-06-12 SOAP Metabolism and Endocrinology Yu LiJiao
[surgical operation]
[addressing continuous high glucose readings]
During this hospital stay, 4 serum glucose measurements consistently showed values around 300 mg/dL despite the administration of regular insulin and oral antihyperglycemic agents. If hyperglycemia persists, consideration may be given to adding basal insulin to the regimen.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[reconciliation]
Medications prescribed by specialists in family medicine and gastroenterology on 2024-01-26, and by cardiologists and psychosomatic medicine experts on 2024-01-16, are generally listed in the current active medication roster without issues noted.
[exam findings]
2024-03-16 MRI - L-spine
2024-03-06 Nasopharyngoscopy
2024-03-04 Tc-99m MDP bone scan with SPECT
2024-03-01 CT - chest
2024-03-01 SONO - breast
2023-12-13 Nasopharyngoscopy
2023-12-05 2D transthoracic echocardiography
2023-11-20 CT - chest
2023-11-17 Bronchodilator Test, BCT
2023-11-10 CXR erect
2023-10-06 CT - chest
2023-09-27 Tc-99m MDP bone scan
2023-09-25 MRI - L-spine
2023-09-21 Patho - bone resection
2023-09-16 MRI - C-spine
2023-09-15 KUB + L-spine Lat
2023-09-14 C-spine AP + Lat
2023-02-17 Mammography
2023-02-17 SONO - abdomen
2023-02-17 SONO - breast
….-..-..
2018-01-31 Surgical pathology Level VI
2018-01-25 Tc-99m MDP bone scan
2018-01-17 SONO - breast
2018-01-17 Surgical pathology Level IV
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
Xgeva (denosumab 120mg)
[Bard]
Missing the loading dose of Pertuzumab (840mg) and instead using a 420mg dose requires careful consideration, as its impact on treatment efficacy and potential risks depends on several factors:
Early in the treatment course: Missing the loading dose early on can significantly impact initial drug exposure and potentially weaken treatment efficacy. In this case, resuming with the recommended maintenance dose (420mg every 3 weeks) might not be sufficient to compensate. Later in the treatment course: If several loading doses have already been administered, the impact of missing one dose might be less significant, offering more leeway for resuming with the maintenance dose.
Accidental: If the omission was accidental and unlikely to occur again, resuming with the maintenance dose may be acceptable after discussing it with your doctor.
[cGPT]
Missing the full loading dose of 840 mg and instead using a 420 mg dose could have implications for the effectiveness of the treatment, especially in the initial stages. Here are some potential considerations and impacts:
Reduced Initial Drug Levels:
The purpose of the loading dose is to quickly achieve effective drug levels in the body. Using only half of the intended loading dose may result in lower drug concentrations initially, which might reduce the effectiveness of the treatment during the early phase. Delayed Therapeutic Effect:
It might take longer to reach the therapeutic levels of pertuzumab in the bloodstream, potentially delaying the onset of the drug’s therapeutic effects. Adjustment of Subsequent Doses:
If the loading dose is missed or reduced, healthcare providers might need to adjust subsequent doses to achieve the desired drug levels. This could involve administering an additional dose or modifying the maintenance doses, though such adjustments should be based on clinical judgment and the specific circumstances of the treatment.
Clinical Decision and Monitoring:
In cases where the loading dose is not administered as recommended, it’s important for healthcare providers to closely monitor the patient’s response to treatment and adjust the dosing regimen as necessary. This might include more frequent assessments of tumor response and monitoring for side effects.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
Initial treatment of peripheral T cell lymphoma - INDUCTION THERAPY - 2023-11-24 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/initial-treatment-of-peripheral-t-cell-lymphoma
[reconciliation]
Lab results on 2024-01-25 indicated normal liver and kidney function tests, with serum uric acid levels at 9.0 mg/dL, suggesting hyperuricemia. This condition is being managed with Feburic (febuxostat), and there are no discrepancies in medication.
[exam findings] (not completed)
[chemotherapy]
[lab data]
2023-12-22 HBV-DNA-PCR Target Not Detected IU/mL
2023-12-21 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-12-21 Anti-HCV Value 0.15 S/CO
2023-12-21 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-12-21 HBsAg (Value) 0.49 S/CO
2023-12-21 Anti-HBs 267.16 mIU/mL
2023-12-21 Anti-HBc IgM Nonreactive
2023-12-21 Anti-HBc IgM Value 0.09 S/CO
2023-12-21 Anti-HBc Reactive
2023-12-21 Anti-HBc-Value 6.93 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[alectinib administration via tube feeding]
The administration of Alecensa (alectinib) typically involves swallowing the capsule whole, as indicated in the Taiwan package insert, which advises against opening the capsule or dissolving its contents.
Despite this, there have been clinical cases where Alecensa was administered via tube feeding in patients with NSCLC, leading to positive outcomes. For instances:
Pharmacologically, alectinib hydrochloride is a white to off-white powder containing insoluble particles, formulated into immediate-release capsules. Opening the capsules may lead to dispersion and inhalation of the contents, potentially altering the active ingredient’s concentration. Laboratory tests have shown that Alecensa capsules can dissolve in 40’C warm water within 10 minutes utilizing Simple Suspension Method (SSM), although the resulting suspension may appear cloudy, making it difficult to ascertain complete dissolution. This suspension remains stable for up to 6 hours at 25’C but may turn gel-like after 24 hours. [5]
A Phase I clinical trial assessed the relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of an oral suspension of Alecensa compared to its capsule formulation in healthy participants. The study found higher individual peak levels and overall systemic exposure to Alecensa and its metabolite M4 in the oral suspension group, both under fed and fasting conditions, compared to the capsule group. The bioavailability of Alecensa and M4 significantly increased post-administration in the oral suspension group, but there was no significant difference in the incidence or severity of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) between the two formulations. [6]
Ref: 1. Watanabe Y et al., Ann. Cancer Res. Ther. 2016; 24:47-51. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/acrt/24/2/24_47/_article 2. Kanai O et al., Clin. Case Rep. 2017; 26:927-930. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5458002/ 3. Bejarano MT et al., J Oncol Pharm Pract 2019;25:1722-1725. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30124125/ 4. Anderson BE et al., J Oncol Pharm Pract 2020. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1078155220918644 5. Manufacturer inhouse data 6. Liu S et al., Clin Transl Sci 2023;16:1085-1096. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36978270/
[analyzing post-granocyte WBC recovery and left-shifted distribution]
Following the administration of Granocyte (lenograstim), the episode of leukopenia observed on 2024-01-22 resolved.
Subsequent lab results showed no further evidence of leukopenia and indicated a left-shifted distribution, consistent with ongoing G-CSF effect. The blood cell differential on 2024-01-25 revealed increased band cells, neutrophils, and metamyelocytes, alongside mild elevated WBC counts.
This left shift, often linked to rapid blood cell production in response to infections or inflammation, coincides with the CXR on 2024-01-22 showing patchy density in the left pulmonary hilar region. The current empirical use of Brosym (cefoperazone, sulbactam) aligns with these indications.
[ALK rearrangement discovered: targeted therapy options]
For this patient, who tested positive for ALK on immunohistochemistry IHC on 2023-12-25, consideration might be given to using alectinib, brigatinib, or lorlatinib. If alectinib is the chosen medication, the recommended dosage is 600mg taken twice daily with food.
[hypokalemia - serial serum potassium monitoring and intervention]
The serial data of serum potassium levels indicate a continuing development of hypokalemia. Consequently, Const-K 10mEq TID has been recently initiated to address this condition.
When increased sympathetic tone is thought to play a major role, the administration of a nonspecific beta blocker, such as propranolol, might be considered.
[carboplatin, pemetrexed, pembrolizumab as NSCLC treatment]
For this patient, tests have not detected EGFR or ROS1 mutations, and the PD-L1 22C3 Tumor Proportion Score (TPS) is less than 1%, with Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Tumor Cells (TC) at 5%.
If the patient recovers to ECOG PS 0-1, a potential treatment regimen could include a combination of either carboplatin or cisplatin, along with pemetrexed and pembrolizumab.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[stable vitals amidst possible treatment-related hematologic effects]
The patient, currently treated with fulvestrant, letrozole, and ribociclib for her infiltrating ductal carcinoma, exhibited largely normal lab values on 2024-01-25, except for leukopenia (2.1K/uL) and anemia (HGB 10g/dL). These conditions might be associated with her treatment, particularly ribociclib (anemia: 17% to 19%; leukopenia: 27% to 33%) and/or fulvestrant (anemia: 4% to 40%; lymphocytopenia: 35%).
Throughout this hospitalization, the patient’s vital signs have remained stable, and no discrepancies in medication have been identified.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[lab data]
2024-01-25 HBsAg Nonreactive
2024-01-25 HBsAg (Value) 0.44 S/CO
2024-01-25 Anti-HBc Nonreactive
2024-01-25 Anti-HBc-Value 0.17 S/CO
2024-01-25 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2024-01-25 Anti-HCV Value 0.09 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[vaccine recommendations for hepatitis B susceptible individuals with cancer]
Lab results on 2024-01-25 show both HBsAg and anti-HBc as nonreactive. This could indicate either susceptibility to future hepatitis B infection (if anti-HBs is nonreactive) or immunity from hepatitis B vaccination (if anti-HBs is also nonreactive).
For susceptible individuals, it is recommended all unvaccinated patients with cancer aged 19 or older should receive the hepatitis B vaccine. (Ref: Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older - United States, 2024. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2024 Jan 11;73(1):11-15. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7301a3.) Additionally, coadministration of hepatitis B and hepatitis A vaccines is an option.
Inactivated vaccines are generally advised to be administered at least two weeks prior to starting chemotherapy or other immunosuppressive therapies to enhance the immune response. (Ref: Practical review of immunizations in adult patients with cancer. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2015;11(11):2606-14. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1062189.) A recombinant hepatitis B vaccine is available at this hospital.
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[ongoing renal deterioration and bumetanide dosage considerations]
Recent test results indicate a mild increase in hs-Troponin I at 164.1 pg/mL, CKMB at 17.6 ng/mL, CK at 405 U/L, and ECG showing T wave depression in lateral leads, therefore a consultation with our cardiologist is just initialized.
This patient has experienced a gradual deterioration in kidney function in recent months. Consequently, all medication dosages on the active list have been adjusted to accommodate the patient’s current renal status.
Additionally, for the patient’s eGFR <30, increased doses of bumetanide may be necessary for an effective diuretic response (2024-01-24 input 1710 output 230 + loss).
Given the absence of serological hepatitis virus data in the patient’s history in HIS5, the elevated liver enzyme levels (AST at 170 U/L and ALT at 95 U/L on 2024-01-25) might be further investigated once the patient’s cardiological conditions have stabilized.
[exam findingns]
2024-01-25 HBsAg Nonreactive
2024-01-25 HBsAg (Value) 0.42 S/CO
2024-01-25 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2024-01-25 Anti-HCV Value 0.14 S/CO
2024-01-25 Anti-HBc Reactive
2024-01-25 Anti-HBc-Value 3.19 S/CO
2024-01-25 Anti-HBc IgM Nonreactive
2024-01-25 Anti-HBc IgM Value 0.08 S/CO
2024-01-25 Anti-HBs 184.65 mIU/mL
[MedRec]
[reactive anti-HBc and prophylactic antiviral strategy]
Lab results on 2024-01-25 indicated a reactive anti-HBc status. In light of this finding, it is advisable to consider prophylactic antiviral nucleoside analog therapy before commencing chemotherapy treatment.
[lab data]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
2024-01-23 - panitumumab 6mg/kg 400mg NS 100mL 90min + irinotecan 180mg/m2 280mg D5W 250mL 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 650mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4000mg NS 500mL 46hr
2024-01-03 - panitumumab 6mg/kg 400mg NS 100mL 90min + irinotecan 180mg/m2 280mg D5W 250mL 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 650mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 4000mg NS 500mL 46hr
2023-12-11 - (FOLFIRI plus panitumumab)
2023-11-21 - (FOLFIRI plus panitumumab)
2023-10-31 - (FOLFIRI plus panitumumab)
2023-10-09 - (FOLFIRI plus panitumumab)
2023-09-18 - (FOLFIRI plus panitumumab)
2023-08-29 - (FOLFIRI plus panitumumab)
2023-04-07 - (FOLFIRI plus panitumumab)
2023-03-17 - (FOLFIRI plus panitumumab)
2023-02-27 - (FOLFIRI plus panitumumab)
2023-02-08 - (FOLFIRI plus panitumumab)
2023-01-17 - (FOLFIRI plus panitumumab)
2023-01-03 - (FOLFIRI plus panitumumab)
2022-12-20 - (FOLFIRI plus panitumumab)
2022-12-06 - (FOLFIRI plus panitumumab)
2022-11-22 - (FOLFIRI plus panitumumab)
2022-11-08 - (FOLFIRI plus panitumumab)
2022-10-25 - (FOLFIRI plus panitumumab)
2022-10-11 - (FOLFIRI plus panitumumab)
2022-09-27 - (FOLFIRI plus panitumumab)
2022-09-13 - (FOLFIRI plus panitumumab)
2022-07-13 - panitumumab 6mg/kg 90min + irinotecan 180mg/m2 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 2hr + 5-Fu 400mg/m2 10min + 5-Fu 2400mg/m2 48hr (FOLFIRI plus panitumumab)
2022-06-29 - panitumumab 6mg/kg 90min + irinotecan 180mg/m2 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 2hr + 5-Fu 400mg/m2 10min + 5-Fu 2400mg/m2 48hr
2022-06-15 - panitumumab 6mg/kg 90min + irinotecan 180mg/m2 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 2hr + 5-Fu 400mg/m2 10min + 5-Fu 2400mg/m2 48hr
2022-06-01 - panitumumab 6mg/kg 90min + irinotecan 180mg/m2 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 2hr + 5-Fu 400mg/m2 10min + 5-Fu 2400mg/m2 48hr
2022-04-27 - panitumumab 6mg/kg 90min + irinotecan 180mg/m2 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 2hr + 5-Fu 400mg/m2 10min + 5-Fu 2400mg/m2 48hr
2022-04-13 - panitumumab 6mg/kg 90min + irinotecan 180mg/m2 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 2hr + 5-Fu 400mg/m2 10min + 5-Fu 2400mg/m2 48hr
2022-04-01 - panitumumab 6mg/kg 90min + irinotecan 180mg/m2 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 2hr + 5-Fu 400mg/m2 10min + 5-Fu 2400mg/m2 46hr
2022-03-23 - panitumumab 6mg/kg 90min
2022-03-18 - irinotecan 150mg/m2 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 2hr + 5-Fu 400mg/m2 10min + 5-Fu 2400mg/m2 46hr
2022-02-24 - irinotecan 150mg/m2 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 2hr + 5-Fu 400mg/m2 10min + 5-Fu 2400mg/m2 46hr
2022-02-11 - irinotecan 150mg/m2 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 2hr + 5-Fu 400mg/m2 10min + 5-Fu 2400mg/m2 46hr
2022-01-24 - irinotecan 120mg/m2 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 2hr + 5-Fu 400mg/m2 10min + 5-Fu 2400mg/m2 46hr
[reconciliation]
The PharmaCloud database indicates that on 2024-01-22, the patient refilled prescriptions for Concor (bisoprolol), Zanidip (lercanidipine), Aprovel (irbesartan), and Xanax (alprazolam) at Cardinal Tien Hospital. These medications are currently being used, and no discrepancies in medication have been identified.
[sharp rise and subsequent decline of CEA and CA199]
Both tumor markers, CEA and CA199, showed a sharp increase starting in 2023Q3 and have recently shown a decrease (although not yet in the normal range). Given that the primary treatment, P-FOLFIRI, has been used for over a year and a half without adjustments, the reasons for the decline in tumor markers may warrant further investigation.
2023-10-25 CEA 55.55 ng/mL
2023-09-06 CEA 484.09 ng/mL
2023-08-29 CEA 581.20 ng/mL
2023-07-17 CEA 172.08 ng/mL
2023-06-17 CEA 30.15 ng/mL
2023-05-25 CEA 7.86 ng/mL
2023-03-30 CEA 2.33 ng/mL
2023-03-09 CEA 2.64 ng/mL
2023-01-31 CEA 2.44 ng/mL
2023-01-17 CEA 2.46 ng/mL
2023-01-03 CEA 2.54 ng/mL
2023-10-25 CA199 52.99 U/mL
2023-09-06 CA199 183.01 U/mL
2023-08-29 CA199 268.44 U/mL
2023-07-17 CA199 76.81 U/mL
2023-06-17 CA199 16.80 U/mL
2023-05-25 CA199 8.73 U/mL
2023-03-30 CA199 5.91 U/mL
2023-03-09 CA199 6.00 U/mL
2023-01-31 CA199 6.64 U/mL
2023-01-17 CA199 6.84 U/mL
2023-01-03 CA199 7.19 U/mL
The patient primarily receives medical care at Cardinal Tien Hospital. On 2023-08-28, refills were obtained for medications including metformin, pioglitazone, canagliflozin, bisoprolol, lercanidipine, irbesartan, rosuvastatin, and alprazolam. These drugs are mainly for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and hypertension. As of now, these medications are accounted for in the active medication list and no discrepancies have been identified.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
[addressing hemoptysis with inhaled tranexamic acid]
Today’s progress note indicated that the patient experienced a mild episode of coughing up blood last night. Should the hemoptysis persist, the use of inhaled tranexamic acid (500mg/5mL, up to five days) has been reported to effectively reduce the volume of hemoptysis, expedite its resolution, and potentially shorten the duration of hospitalization.
Ref: - Inhaled Tranexamic Acid for Hemoptysis Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Chest. 2018;154(6):1379. - Nebulized tranexamic acid for recurring hemoptysis in critically ill patients: case series. Int J Emerg Med. 2020;13(1):45.
I visited the patient around 11:15 on 2023-07-05 carrying the decitabine medication usage information. The patient was lying in bed and her awake husband was sitting in the bench by the window.
I first asked the patient’s husband how the patient’s recent condition was and whether the discomfort in the mouth had worsened or improved? The husband said that the patient is currently using the oral paste prescribed by the doctor, and the condition is manageable. He also asked if the infection was caused by the use of decitabine. I responded that since April, the patient’s white blood cell count has consistently remained around 2000 +- 500, and there was no significant fluctuation due to the administration of decitabine in mid-May. Although the effect of decitabine on white blood cells can’t be entirely ruled out, it does not seem to be the primary cause based on the observations.
[exam findings]
2024-01-23 lab data showed both DGH and Toxin A/B positive.
[TDM scheduling for optimized vancomycin treatment in CDI]
Lab data from 2024-01-23 confirmed positivity for both DGH and Toxin A/B.
For patients with severe or fulminant C. difficile infection, an initial oral dose of vancomycin can be 10 mg/kg, administered four times daily for 10 days, with a maximum dose of 500 mg per administration. In critically ill patients, the addition of intravenous metronidazole may be considered.
This patient exhibits impaired renal function as evidenced with an eGFR of 21 mL/min/1.73m², an elevated serum creatinine (2.94 mg/dL) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (31 mg/dL) on 2024-01-24. While the vancomycin manufacturer’s labeling lacks specific dosage adjustments for this degree of renal impairment, the low systemic absorption of vancomycin suggests dose modification may not be necessary.
Oral vancomycin 500mg QID has just been prescribed from 2024-01-23 for a duration of seven days, adhering to standard usage. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is recommended to be scheduled on day 3, specifically on 2024-01-26, with a blood sample to be drawn within 30 min before the next dose.
Ref: Does oral vancomycin use necessitate therapeutic drug monitoring? Infection. 2020 Apr;48(2):173-182. doi: 10.1007/s15010-019-01374-7.
[lab data]
2022-10-24 Anti-HBc Reactive
2022-10-24 Anti-HBc-Value 6.32 S/CO
2022-10-24 HBsAg Nonreactive
2022-10-24 HBsAg (Value) 0.35 S/CO
2022-10-24 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2022-10-24 Anti-HCV Value 0.13 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
[CEA marker trends and imaging updates]
The patient has been undergoing FOLFOX treatment since Dec 2022, for over a year, and has generally tolerated it well.
She is also receiving Baraclude (entecavir) for reactive Anti-HBc and Megejohn (megestrol acetate) for cachexia, with no discrepancies in medication identified.
The CEA marker showed a recent high in November 2023. There has been no updated imaging study since Oct 2023, which may warrant renewal.
[MedRec]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[Vit B and CIPN: no clear recommendation, potential benefits remain]
B-Red (hydroxocobalamin) 1mg IM was administered on 2024-01-23 after chemotherapy to prevent oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity.
The year 2020 ASCO and joint ESMO/EONS/EANO guidelines concluded that clinicians should not offer vitamin B as a neuroprotectant agent to individuals receiving potentially neurotoxic chemotherapy.
Schloss et al. reported that vitamin B complex supplementation was statistically ineffective at preventing CIPN as compared to the placebo, although as indicated by the results of the Patient Neurotoxicity Questionnaire (PNQ), patients taking the vitamin B complex perceived a reduction in sensory peripheral neuropathy. Importantly, in cases of CIPN coexisting with vitamin B12 deficiency, patients did benefit from the oral supplementation of this medication. Lastly, Abe et al. reported that oral vitamin B12 supplementation did not help in the prevention of the CIPN onset. Their study did not include the control group and they compared the efficacy of B12 supplementation versus goshajinkigan—observed incidence of neuropathy was 88.9% and 39.3%, respectively.
Vitamin B complex supplementation cannot be recommended as the main way of CIPN prevention. Nevertheless, since such therapy does not impact the effectiveness of chemotherapy (with the exception of high doses of pyridoxine), and in some particular cases could potentially have an ameliorative effect, treatment with the vitamin B complex could be a safe and cheap solution.
Ref: Nutrients 2022, 14(3), 625; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030625
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
Triple IST (hATG, CsA, EPAG) — Triple immunosuppressive therapy (IST) for severe AA (SAA) comprises eltrombopag (EPAG; a bone marrow stimulating agent) plus two immunosuppressive agents (horse antithymocyte globulin [hATG] and cyclosporine [CsA]). As discussed above, triple IST is generally preferred over treatment with hATG plus CsA alone (no eltrombopag). Ref: 2024-01-22 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-aplastic-anemia-in-adults
[managing leukopenia and thrombocytopenia in aplastic anemia]
A 58-year-old female, newly diagnosed with aplastic anemia, began treatment with antithymocyte globulin at a dosage of 3.5mg/kg daily for five days starting on 2024-01-16. Additionally, ciclosporin at 300mg daily, divided into two doses (approximately 6mg/kg), was initiated on 2024-01-22. To manage severe leukopenia, G-CSF (filgrastim) has been administered since 2024-01-20. Due to observed thrombocytopenia episodes with platelet counts below 20K/uL, the concurrent initiation of eltrombopag with standard immunosuppressive therapy (antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporine) can also be considered.
Given the patient’s relatively young age, it might be advisable to assess eligibility and seek a match for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in advance.
[MedRec]
[lab data]
2024-01-20 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2024-01-20 Anti-HCV Value 0.16 S/CO
2024-01-20 HBsAg Nonreactive
2024-01-20 HBsAg (Value) 0.35 S/CO
2024-01-20 Anti-HBc Reactive
2024-01-20 Anti-HBc-Value 3.34 S/CO
[acute pancreatitis: supportive care on track, hepatic markers soar (ABD SONO reveals gallbladder sludge)]
This patient’s current primary medical concern is acute pancreatitis. Supportive therapy with fluid replacement and pain control (using normal saline and tramadol) is being effectively implemented.
Although vital signs, urine output, electrolytes, and serum glucose grossly remain within acceptable ranges, significant elevations were observed in hepatobiliary-related markers (AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-GT, and bilirubin) on 2024-01-20.
Abdominal sonography performed on 2024-01-22 revealed the presence of gallbladder sludge, which may represent a potential contributing factor requiring further management. Is this patient a candidate for cholecystectomy?
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[lab data]
2023-05-30 Anti-HBc Reactive
2023-05-30 Anti-HBc-Value 3.37 S/CO
2023-05-30 Anti-HBs 80.54 mIU/mL
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[reconciliation]
Lab data from 2024-01-19 indicated generally normal levels across blood cell counts, electrolytes, and liver and kidney functions. Additionally, a review of the medication records revealed no discrepancies.
[Achrimobacter xylosoxidans bacteremia]
For treating Achromobacter xylosoxidans infections in patients without cystic fibrosis:
[exam findings] (not completed)
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[immunochemotherapy]
[transfusion in chemotherapy-induced anemia]
Given the patient’s renal impairment, a modified treatment regimen of nivolumab combined with gemcitabine and carboplatin was administered instead of the standard nivolumab, gemcitabine, and cisplatin therapy.
The patient’s hemoglobin levels have shown a consistent decline, indicating anemia:
Anemia is associated with gemcitabine (68%; grade 3: 7%; grade 4: 1%), carboplatin (21% to 90%), and nivolumab (26% to 41%; grades 3/4: <=3%). The downward trend in HGB might suggest insufficient red blood cell production to match the treatment schedule. A transfusion was performed on 2024-01-19, which is considered an appropriate action. If adverse reactions increase, modifying the administration interval or dose reduction could be further decided.
{Triple cancer - endometrium ca, rectal ca, RCC}
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[myocardial injury indicators: rising hs-Troponin I]
Lab results indicate low CK levels, normal CK-MB, and a consistent increase in hs-Troponin I, suggesting myocardial injury.
The pattern of these biomarkers might point to several potential causes:
Given these findings, consulting a cardiologist may be beneficial for further evaluation and management.
[optimizing midodrine dosage for this hemodialysis patient]
Midodrine, dosed at 7.5mg, commenced pre-hemodialysis treatment QW135 from 2024-01-18, aiming to prevent post-dialysis hypotension, with current blood pressure around 90/50 mmHg. The dosage, confirmed via telephone with the nurse practitioner, aligns with the patient’s customary regimen.
(the following text is wrong and not posted)
Midodrine, at a dose of 7.5mg, has been initiated for post-hemodialysis treatment as of 2024-01-18, with current blood pressure readings around 90/50 mmHg.
Midodrine’s effectiveness is attributed to its major metabolite, desglymidodrine, generated through the deglycination process. The peak plasma concentration of midodrine occurs about 30 minutes post-administration, with a half-life of approximately 25 minutes. Desglymidodrine reaches peak levels in the blood between 1 to 2 hours after midodrine administration and has a half-life of 3 to 4 hours.
For patients undergoing thrice-weekly intermittent hemodialysis, initiating midodrine at a low dose, such as 2.5 mg once or twice daily, is advisable. Dosage can be adjusted based on individual response and tolerability, with careful monitoring.
[MedRec]
[SLE management]
Based on the PharmaCloud database, this patient had multiple admissions to TMUH before seeking treatment at our hospital around late 2023. Given that immunosuppressive agents were used prior to her current treatment, vigilant monitoring for signs of infection is recommended. Typically, immunizations should precede immunosuppressive therapy.
Exposure to UV light can trigger or worsen systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) symptoms, though this varies among patients. About one-third may react to sun exposure, another third with prolonged exposure, and the rest may not react at all. Most SLE patients are advised to avoid direct or reflected sunlight and UV light sources, using sunscreens with a minimum SPF of 55 that block both UV-A and UV-B rays.
A recent study in the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases has confirmed the renal protective effects of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in lupus nephritis, both in mouse models and patients, suggesting significant clinical benefits of this treatment approach. (Reference: Onuora S., “SGLT2 inhibitors protect podocytes in lupus nephritis”, Nat Rev Rheumatol, 2023 Oct, 19(10): 605, DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-01024-1, PMID: 37666997).
[lab data]
2024-01-18 Anti-HBc Nonreactive
2024-01-18 Anti-HBc-Value 0.42 S/CO
2024-01-18 HBsAg Nonreactive
2024-01-18 HBsAg (Value) 0.40 S/CO
2024-01-18 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2024-01-18 Anti-HCV Value 0.15 S/CO
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
Pre-meal blood glucose levels were recorded at 132, 157, and 108 mg/dL on 2024-01-16, 2024-01-17, and 2024-01-18, respectively, indicating consistently elevated values. It is recommended that the patient continues with follow-up monitoring.
Upon review of the HIS5 records, no discrepancies in medication were identified.
[MedRec]
[immunochemotherapy]
[stage IV RCC on sunitinib: historical anemia, emergency event & HGB low]
This 53-year-old female patient with stage IV renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was started on sunitinib in late Nov 2023 after progression on cabozantinib. The patient had a history of anemia prior to starting sunitinib, with no hemoglobin (HGB) values within the normal range in 2023.
On 2024-01-16, the patient presented to the emergency department with suspected coffee-ground emesis. This was likely the primary cause of the recent anemia episode. However, sunitinib is known to be associated with an incidence of decreased HGB (26% to 79%; grades 3/4: 3% to 8%; grade 4: 2%) and hemorrhage (22% to 37%; grades 3/4: <=4%). Therefore, the historic low HGB value on 2024-01-16 cannot be definitively excluded as a side effect of sunitinib. The patient underwent a blood transfusion on the same day, which was a reasonable course of action. In addition, this patient also underwent multiple blood transfusions in 2023.
In the event of grade 3 or 4 hemorrhage, it is recommended to withhold sunitinib until resolution to <= grade 1 or baseline, then resume at a reduced dose or discontinue (depending on severity and persistence). Discontinue sunitinib if grade 3 or 4 hemorrhagic events do not resolve.
The standard dosage of sunitinib for advanced RCC is 50mg daily, but the patient is currently taking 12.5mg daily. This is a significant underdose, and there seems no room to further reduce the dose.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[combining immunotherapy with chemotherapy in biliary tract tumors] - Ref: 2024-01-16 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/systemic-therapy-for-advanced-cholangiocarcinoma
The current treatment regimen for advanced or metastatic biliary tract tumors for this patient is gemcitabine plus cisplatin.
Adding durvalumab to this regimen, as seen in the TOPAZ-1 trial, can enhances OS and response, without notably increasing toxicity. Similarly, pembrolizumab combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin, as demonstrated in the KEYNOTE-966 trial, also improves OS and is well-tolerated.
However, due to non-coverage by NHI and potential reimbursement issues, the addition of durvalumab or pembrolizumab may be more suitable for patients who can financially manage the costs.
[hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia]
Hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia were observed.
Hyperuricemia is treated with Fasturtec (rasburicase), Februic (febuxostat) and Rolikan (sodium bicarbonate).
Hyperkalemia is treated wtih Kalimate (calcium polystyrene sulfonate).
Hyperuricemia and hyperkalemia are frequent symptoms of tumor lysis syndrome. Another typical symptom is hyperphosphatemia, so it’s recommended to also monitor serum phosphate levels.
Hypercalcemia is treated with Miacalcic (calcitonin).
For severe hypercalcemia, the maintenance dose of calcitonin can be up to 8 units/kg (2023-11-29 70kg => 560 units) Q6H to Q12H, starting with an initial dose of 4 units/kg (280 units) Q12H. Since the current administration of 100 IU Q6H is below the recommended dosage, this might extend the duration of therapy. It’s advisable to limit calcitonin therapy to a period of 24 to 48 hours to avoid tachyphylaxis.
Given that the serum calcium level has exceeded 3.5 mmol/L (14 mg/dL) and if the reading does not obviously trend downwards, the combined use of calcitonin with bisphosphonates for a longer effect might be an option.
[lab data]
2023-12-20 CMV viral load assay 1040 IU/mL
2023-12-19 STR DNA fingerprint FINISH %
2023-12-18 CMV viral load assay 396 IU/mL
2023-12-12 CMV IgM Nonreactive
2023-12-12 CMV IgM Value 0.10 Index
2023-12-11 CMV viral load assay 74 IU/mL
2023-12-08 Anti-HBc Reactive
2023-12-08 Anti-HBc-Value 3.10 S/CO
2023-12-06 CMV viral load assay <35 IU/mL
2023-11-18 STR DNA fingerprint FINISH %
2023-11-13 EB VCA IgG Positive Ratio
2023-11-13 EB VCA IgG Value 3.6 Ratio
2023-11-10 HBsAg (NM) Negative
2023-11-10 HBsAg Value (NM) 0.539
2023-11-10 Anti-HBs (NM) Positive
2023-11-10 Anti-HBs value (NM) 59.1 mIU/mL
2023-11-10 Anti-HCV (NM) Negative
2023-11-10 Anti-HCV Value (NM) 0.047
2023-11-10 Anti-HBc (NM) Positive
2023-11-10 Anti-HBc Value (NM) 0.008
2023-11-09 VZV IgG Positive Index
2023-11-09 VZV-G Value 5.9 Index
2023-11-09 Mycoplasma IgM Negative Index
2023-11-09 Mycoplasma IgM Value 0.1 Index
2023-11-08 RPR Nonreactive
2023-11-08 EB VCA IgM Negative Index
2023-11-08 EB VCA IgM Value 0.1 Index
2023-11-08 CMV IgG Reactive
2023-11-08 CMV IgG Value 92.1 AU/mL
2023-11-08 CMV IgM Nonreactive
2023-11-08 CMV IgM Value 0.27 Index
2023-11-08 HIV Ab-EIA Nonreactive
2023-11-08 Anti-HIV Value 0.05 S/CO
2023-11-08 Anti HTLV I/II Nonreactive
2023-11-08 Anti HTLV I/II Value 0.08 S/CO
2023-10-20 IgE 14.5 IU/mL
2023-10-19 IgG 1831 mg/dL
2023-10-19 IgM 51.0 mg/dL
2023-10-19 IgA 421 mg/dL
2023-07-20 Ferritin (NM) 1548.71 ng/ml
2023-06-23 Ferritin (NM) 1258.84 ng/ml
2023-06-23 HLA DQ-high 02:01
2023-06-23 HLA DQ-high 04:02
2023-04-10 HLA A-high 24:02
2023-04-10 HLA A-high 33:03
2023-04-10 HLA B-high 40:01
2023-04-10 HLA B-high 58:01
2023-04-10 HLA C-high 03:02
2023-04-10 HLA C-high 07:02
2023-04-10 HLA DR-high 03:01
2023-04-10 HLA DR-high 08:09
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
2023-11-05 ~ 2023-12-08 POMR Hemato-Oncology Gao WeiYao
2023-08-19 ~ 2023-09-04 POMR Hemato-Oncology Gao WeiYao
2023-07-26 ~ 2023-08-01 POMR Hemato-Oncology Gao WeiYao
2022-10-04 SOAP Dermatology Zhou WeiTing
2022-09-01 SOAP Dermatology Zhou WeiTing
2022-06-20 SOAP Hemato-Oncology Zhang ShouYi
2022-06-18 SOAP Hemato-Oncology Zhang ShouYi
[chemotherapy]
[Ciclosporin dose optimization]
Following the adjustment of the daily dose to 220mg, observed serum trough levels have shown a gradual decline. To maintain the desired concentration range of 200-300 ng/mL, an increase in the daily dose to 240mg is recommended.
The administration of Grancicure (ganciclovir) 500mg Q12H IVD has effectively reduced the CMV viral load. Starting from 2024-01-17, Grancicure will be replaced with Valcyte (valganciclovir) 900mg QD PO.
Also note that the patient’s WBC count and HGB level are gradually decreasing.
2024-01-15 WBC 2.30 x10^3/uL
2024-01-12 WBC 2.24 x10^3/uL
2024-01-08 WBC 3.89 x10^3/uL
2024-01-06 WBC 3.59 x10^3/uL
2024-01-04 WBC 4.30 x10^3/uL
2024-01-02 WBC 4.96 x10^3/uL
2024-01-15 HGB 7.3 g/dL
2024-01-12 HGB 8.6 g/dL
2024-01-08 HGB 9.3 g/dL
2024-01-06 HGB 9.3 g/dL
2024-01-04 HGB 7.4 g/dL
2024-01-02 HGB 10.2 g/dL
[Sandimmun injection (Ciclosporin) TDM]
Following the recent ciclosporin trough level of 416.5 ng/mL on 2024-01-02, the Sandimmun injection dosage has been adjusted from 250mg to 220mg daily. To monitor the effectiveness of this adjustment, it is kindly requested a new blood sample four days after the adjustment, to be drawn prior to the scheduled administration, for another trough level test.
[steady rise, time to tune down: ciclosporin level management - Sandimmun injection (Ciclosporin) TDM]
This patient has been taking ciclosporin 275mg QD since 2023-12-12. Lab results for ciclosporin trough levels on 2023-12-15, 2023-12-18, 2023-12-21, and 2023-12-25 showed values of 152, 222, 292, and 318 ng/mL, respectively. Based on this monotonic trend, if the current dose is continued, the trough level could exceed the recommended upper limit of 400 ng/mL by the end of 2023 or early 2024. Therefore, it is recommended to reduce the dose to 250mg QD and recheck the trough concentration 4 days after the change.
The attending physician Dr. Gao held an interprofessional practice and patient family meeting in the ward conference room at 15:00 on 2023-09-25, to introduce the patient to the importance, possible risks, and prognosis of allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in the treatment plan, and to answer questions from patients and their families. The patient did not ask the pharmacist any specific questions during the meeting. In a chat with the patient after the meeting, I emphasized the importance of controlling potential post-transplant infections.
[family history]
[exam findings]
[consultation]
[radiotherapy]
[immunochemotherapy]
2023-12-12 - paclitaxel 80mg/m2 120mg NS 400mL 3hr + topotecan 0.75mg/m2 1.2mg NS 40mL 30min D1-3 (He JingLiang)
2023-11-20 - bevacizumab 15mg/kg 900mg NS 100mL 90min + paclitaxel 80mg/m2 120mg NS 500mL 3hr + topotecan 0.75mg/m2 1.2mg NS 40mL 30min D1-3 (Xia HeXiong)
2023-09-28 - topotecan 0.75mg/m2 1.4mg NS 40mL 30min D1-3 (Xia HeXiong)
2023-02-03 - bevacizumab 15mg/kg 900mg NS 100mL 90min + paclitaxel 175mg/m2 295mg NS 500mL 3hr + carboplatin AUC 5 350mg NS 250mL 2hr (Xia HeXiong)
2022-12-01 - bevacizumab 15mg/kg 900mg 90min + paclitaxel 175mg/m2 300mg 3hr + carboplatin AUC 5 450mg 2hr (Xia HeXiong)
2022-11-10 - bevacizumab 15mg/kg 900mg 90min + paclitaxel 175mg/m2 300mg 3hr + carboplatin AUC 5 450mg 2hr (Xia HeXiong)
2022-10-21 - bevacizumab 15mg/kg 900mg 90min + paclitaxel 175mg/m2 300mg 3hr + carboplatin AUC 5 450mg 2hr (Xia HeXiong)
2022-09-01 - bevacizumab 15mg/kg 900mg 90min + paclitaxel 175mg/m2 300mg 3hr + carboplatin AUC 5 450mg 2hr (Xia HeXiong)
2022-08-12 - bevacizumab 15mg/kg 900mg 90min + paclitaxel 175mg/m2 300mg 3hr + carboplatin AUC 5 450mg 2hr (Xia HeXiong)
2021-06-10 - cisplatin 40mg/m2 65mg 24hr (CCRT) (Xia HeXiong)
2021-05-28 - cisplatin 40mg/m2 65mg 24hr (CCRT) (Xia HeXiong)
2021-05-21 - cisplatin 40mg/m2 65mg 24hr (CCRT) (Xia HeXiong)
2021-05-13 - cisplatin 40mg/m2 65mg 24hr (CCRT) (Xia HeXiong)
2021-05-07 - cisplatin 40mg/m2 65mg 24hr (CCRT) (Xia HeXiong)
2021-04-28 - cisplatin 40mg/m2 65mg 24hr (CCRT) (Xia HeXiong)
2021-04-20 - cisplatin 40mg/m2 65mg 24hr (CCRT) (Xia HeXiong)
[levofloxacin dose adjust needed! eGFR 12 recommend 500mg QOD per Sanford Guide]
The Cravit (levofloxacin) dosage for this patient with an eGFR of 12.03 (2024-01-15) requires adjustment based on the Sanford Guide recommendations. While the current regimen uses 750mg QOD, the recommended regimen for this eGFR range is 750mg once followed by 500mg Q48H. Therefore, it is recommended to reduce the dose to 500mg QOD to align with the Sanford Guide for optimal safety and efficacy.
Imaging and Disease Status: MRI (2023-09-07) and CT (2023-12-07) both indicate disease progression, aligning with the rising CEA levels over the past year.
Renal Function: Deteriorated in late Oct to early Nov 2023, with partial improvement but still not meet normal levels. Latest eGFR value was below 30 mL/min/1.73m2.
Medication Recommendations:
[renal function follow-up]
On 2023-11-02, the patient’s serum creatinine reached a recent peak of 5.29 mg/dL and has since stabilized around the 2.2 - 2.5 mg/dL range. The patient, 61F, 62.9 kg, has a calcuated CrCl of 23 mL/min.
The current prescription of Tapimycin (piperacillin and tazobactam) at a dosage of 2.25g IVD Q6H is appropriate.
[rapid weight loss]
The patient experienced a rapid weight loss of over 20 kg within two weeks, dropping from 83.2 kg on 2023-11-01 to 62.9 kg by 2023-11-15.
Currently, the patient is being treated with furosemide and bumetanide, both of which are potent diuretics. Excessive use of these medications can result in significant diuresis, leading to water and electrolyte depletion. Consequently, close medical monitoring is essential, and the dosage and administration schedule should be tailored to the specific needs of the patient.
[renal function]
2023-10-30 BUN 43 mg/dL, eGFR 13.62 mL/min/1.73m2, Cre 3.61 mg/dL -> CrCl 21 mL/min (Cockcroft-Gault).
For patients with a CrCl of 20 to 39 mL/minute, the recommended dose of topotecan is reduced to 0.75 mg/m2 - this was the dose administered on 2023-09-28.
While the manufacturer’s labeling does not provide dosage adjustments for CrCl <20 mL/minute, it can be inferred that the dosage restrictions for this range would be even more stringent. Given the patient’s consistent decline in renal function over time, it is crucial to exercise caution when using this medication and to closely monitor for any adverse reactions.
[rapid weight gain]
According to the HIS5 records, the patient’s body weight was 67.5kg on 2023-09-20 and increased to 83kg by 2023-10-30. This significant weight gain could suggest the presence of edema or potential heart failure. Further evaluation is recommended.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
Liposomal Irinotecan drug information - 2024-01-15 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/liposomal-irinotecan-drug-information
Gemcitabine plus nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nabpaclitaxel) for advanced pancreatic and biliary cancer - 2023-12-25 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=ONC%2F89668
Cycle length: 4 weeks.
Regimen
Pretreatment considerations:
Monitoring parameters:
Suggested dose modifications for toxicity:
Treatment protocols for pancreatic cancer - 2023-12-25 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-protocols-for-pancreatic-cancer
[reconciliation]
This patient was admitted for her second dose of the liposomal irinotecan + leucovorin + fluorouracil regimen on 2024-01-14. She tolerated the treatment.
Her hypokalemia, which was low at 2.5 mmol/L on 2024-01-12, improved to 3.6 mmol/L by 2024-01-15. No medication discrepancies were identified.
[revise nab-paclitaxel sequence to ensure treatment efficacy]
Concerns have arisen regarding a deviation from the established administration sequence for the gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel regimen. The protocol explicitly mandates administering nab-paclitaxel first, followed by gemcitabine. However, recent administrations reversed this sequence, potentially compromising treatment efficacy. To ensure optimal outcomes, it is recommended to revert to the original protocol’s sequence.
Ref: Increased survival in pancreatic cancer with nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine. N Engl J Med. 2013 Oct 31;369(18):1691-703. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1304369. Epub 2013 Oct 16. PMID: 24131140; PMCID: PMC4631139.
[disease progress: comfort first, intensive chemo might not fly]
A recent CT scan on 2023-11-29 unfortunately indicated disease progression.
There is an article reporting a comparative effectiveness cohort study, FOLFIRINOX was associated with improved survival of approximately 2 months compared with gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel and was also associated with fewer posttreatment complications. A randomized clinical trial comparing these first-line treatments is warranted to test the survival and posttreatment hospitalization (or complications) benefit of FOLFIRINOX compared with gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel. Ref: Comparison of FOLFIRINOX vs Gemcitabine Plus Nab-Paclitaxel as First-Line Chemotherapy for Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Jun 1;5(6):e2216199. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.16199. PMID: 35675073; PMCID: PMC9178436.
Given the patient’s currently compromised performance status (ECOG PS 4 as of 2023-12-25 progress note), intensive chemotherapy might not be the most suitable option. Therefore, best supportive care or a less intensive regimen like mFOLFOX6 might be more appropriate at this time.
According to PharmaCloud, this patient has only received medical treatment at TSGH in the last three months. However, the last date of treatment was on 2023-06-21, and there are currently no active prescriptions from TSGH. Therefore, no medication reconciliation issues have been found.
[exam findings]
[chemotherapy] (not completed)
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
Lab results on 2024-01-12 were grossly normal with no evidence of a contraindication to docetaxel administration.
[exam findings]
[medication]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[reconciliation]
The patient received repeat prescriptions for Rivotril (clonazepam) and Mirtapine (mirtazapine) at NTUH on 2023-11-13, followed by refills on 2023-12-07 and 2024-01-01. However, these medications are currently not listed as active in her medication record. Here are some possible explanations:
Therefore, it is recommended to understand the reason for the non-use of the prescribed medications will help determine the most appropriate course of action.
Currently, PharmaCloud access is unavailable.
Following the initiation of a dose-reduced FOLFIRI regimen, with the 3rd session starting on 2023-12-01, the patient has not experienced vomiting or nausea and reports good sleep and appetite.
No discrepancies in medication have been identified in the HIS5 records.
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
Comparison of tyrosine kinase inhibitors used for chronic myeloid leukemia - 2024-01-10 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=HEME%2F89930
| Agent | Dosing frequency and timing in relation to food | Dose adjustments for baseline kidney/liver dysfunction | Major toxicities | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imatinib | Daily (or twice daily) with food | Yes (kidney, liver) | Bone marrow suppression; fluid retention/edema; gastrointestinal effects; heart failure; hepatotoxicity. | Longest record of safety data |
| Nilotinib | Twice daily without food | Yes (liver) | Bone marrow suppression; cardiovascular events; electrolyte imbalance; hepatotoxicity. Black box warning: QT prolongation (screening required). | _ |
| Dasatinib | Daily with or without food | No | Bone marrow suppression; pleural/pericardial effusions; pulmonary arterial hypertension; QT prolongation; aspirin-like effect. | _ |
| Bosutinib | Daily with food | Yes (kidney, liver) | Bone marrow suppression; fluid retention/edema; gastrointestinal effects. | _ |
| Ponatinib | Daily with or without food | Yes (liver) | Bone marrow suppression; fluid retention/edema; gastrointestinal effects; heart failure; hypertension; pancreatitis; aspirin-like effect; arterial thrombosis. Black box warning: cardiovascular events; hepatic toxicity. | Active against BCR::ABL1 T315I mutation; limited long-term safety data |
| Asciminib | Daily or twice daily without food | No | Upper respiratory tract infections; musculoskeletal pain; fatigue; nausea; rash; and diarrhea. Hypertriglyceridemia; cytopenias; elevated creatine kinase; hepatotoxicity; pancreatitis. | Active against BCR::ABL1 T315I mutation; limited long-term safety data |
[nilotinib]
This patient is newly diagnosed with CML.
Lab data: 2024/01/05 - BCR/abl Philadelphia chromosome (qualitative) - Presence of mutation.
Absence of blasts in recent WBC DC makes the diagnosis of advanced CML (accelerated phase or blast phase) highly improbable. Chronic phase CML is therefore the most likely diagnosis.
BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the first-line therapy for all CML phases, except for specific contraindications like pregnancy.
Initial CML treatment typically employs either imatinib or a second-generation TKI (dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib). Other TKIs (ponatinib, asciminib) are reserved for refractory patients or those with specific mutations (e.g., T315I). Notably, nilotinib is currently the patient’s TKI of choice.
Nilotinib is known to prolong the QT interval. Monitoring for and correcting hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and pre-existing QTc prolongation are crucial before and during nilotinib treatment. Regular ECGs (baseline, 7 days after initiation, periodic) are essential to track QTc, especially after dose adjustments.
Sudden deaths have been reported with nilotinib. Contraindications include hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and long QT syndrome. Concomitant medications that prolong the QT interval or strongly inhibit CYP3A4 should be avoided. Nilotinib intake should be separated from food by at least 2 hours (before) and 1 hour (after).
[reconciliation]
This patient’s primary hospital is New Taipei City Hospital according to PharmaCloud database. On 2024-01-09, refills were prescribed for several medications: Gaslan, Periscon (mosapride), Vesicare (solifenacin), Harnalidge (tamsulosin), Eurodin (estazolam), Meptin-Mini (procaterol hydrochloride hemilydrate), Colin Soln (chlorpheniramine maleate), and Allevo (levocetirizine dihydrochloride).
However, these refilled medications are not currently listed as active in the patient’s record. Please verify with the patient whether he still require these medications and, if clinically necessary, ask him or his family member to bring them to the hospital.
Note that Tasigna (nilotinib 150mg) 2# Q12H prescribed on 2024-01-05 in the outpatient clinic is currently being used without any identified issues.
[exam findings]
[consultation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
Vinorelbine - 2024-01-10 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/vinorelbine-drug-information
dosage not correct?
[lab data]
2023-05-23 Anti-HBc Reactive
2023-05-23 Anti-HBc-Value 9.12 S/CO
2023-05-23 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-05-23 Anti-HCV Value 0.16 S/CO
2023-05-23 HBsAg Reactive
2023-05-23 HBsAg (Value) 3336.74 S/CO
2023-05-23 Anti-HBs 0.53 mIU/mL
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
[labs confirm HBV: Vemlidy maintained, medication compliance assured]
Lab results (2023-05-23) showed HBsAg and anti-HBc reactive and Vemlidy (tenofovir alafenamide) is currently in use, no medication discrepany found.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[immunochemotherapy]
[anemia]
Compared to the previous session on 2023-12-25, the dosage of Irinotecan and fluorouracil administered during this session on 2024-01-08 was increased.
The patient’s HGB level remains low at 7.8g/dL as of 2024-01-08. Available lab data indicates persistent anemia since at least June 2023, with no recovery to normal levels. If the anemia becomes symptomatic, RBC transfusion may be necessary.
The patient has already received several blood transfusions throughout the previous months, specifically on 2023-08-30, 2023-11-13, and 2023-12-11.
[anemia]
Hemoglobin has been around 7 to 8 g/dL for the past two months. The FOLFIRI dose has been reduced during this hospitalization. If anemia is symptomatic, please perform RBC product transfusion as clinically indicated.
[anemia]
In the pharmacist note dated 2023-11-16, the following assessment was made: Considering the already reduced dose of the FOLFIRI regimen, further alleviation of anemia severity might necessitate lengthening the treatment intervals, potentially impacting the expected therapeutic effectiveness. In the recent two administrations (irinotecan on 2023-11-27 and 2023-12-11: 235mg; 5-FU on 2023-11-27 and 2023-12-11: 3670mg), both irinotecan and 5-FU doses were increased compared to the previous administration (irinotecan on 2023-11-14: 190mg; 5-FU on 2023-12-11: 2690mg), while maintaining a biweekly interval. Recent data may indicate that the rate of hemoglobin supplementation is not keeping pace with the anemia caused by the treatment. Consequently, in subsequent therapy sessions, blood transfusions may become a necessary adjunct to the treatment regimen.
[anemia]
Laboratory data indicated episodes of anemia. Blood transfusions were appropriately administered to the patient on 2023-08-30 and 2023-11-13.
The patient is currently being treated with Avastin and a reduced dose of the FOLFIRI regimen. Bevacizumab is less commonly associated with anemia. Given that the dose of the FOLFIRI regimen has already been reduced, further mitigation of the severity of anemia might require extending the treatment intervals, which could potentially affect the anticipated therapeutic efficacy.
Lab results:
2024-01-08 NT-proBNP > 35000.0 pg/mL
2024-01-08 CKMB 5.5 ng/mL
2024-01-08 hs-Troponin I 62.9 pg/mL
2024-01-08 CK 86 U/L
2024-01-08 ECG
2024-01-08 CXR
Potential causes:
It might be beneficial to consult a cardiologist.
[lab data]
2023-12-04 FKLC 135.0 mg/L
2023-12-04 FLLC 178.0 mg/L
2023-11-28 Protein, total 5.9 g/dL
2023-11-28 Albumin 35.2 %
2023-11-28 Alpha-1 2.3 %
2023-11-28 Alpha-2 14.6 %
2023-11-28 Beta 21.9 %
2023-11-28 Gamma 26.0 %
2023-11-28 M-peak Positive
2023-11-28 A/G Ratio 0.50
[MedRec]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[reconciliation]
A repeat prescription for Anoro Ellipta for the patient’s COPD, issued on 2023-11-15 by our pulmonologist, has been added to the active medication list.
[reduced CEA growth after pemetrexed-cisplatin initiation]
The patient’s CEA level doubled within a month, from 2023-11-14 to 2023-12-15. Notably, this rapid increase seems to have slowed down in the following 21 days (2023-12-15 to 2024-01-05), with only a 12% increase observed. The initiation of pemetrexed + cisplatin therapy on 2023-12-12 may be contributing to this slowdown.
[MedRec]
[reconciliation]
The medications prescribed by both your cardiologist and psychosomatic medicine specialist on 2023-10-19 are currently in use without any discrepancies. These repeat prescriptions will expire soon. Please remind the patient to consider scheduling follow-up appointments with both specialists before the prescriptions expire, if clinically necessary.
[MedRec]
[History]
[exam findings]
[chemotherapy]
[lab data]
2023-12-05 EBV DNA quantative PCR <35 IU/mL
2023-12-04 HCV RNA-PCR quantative Target Not Detected IU/mL
2023-11-28 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-11-28 HBsAg (Value) 0.35 S/CO
2023-11-28 Anti-HCV Reactive
2023-11-28 Anti-HCV Value 14.16 S/CO
2023-11-28 Anti-HBc Nonreactive
2023-11-28 Anti-HBc-Value 0.21 S/CO
2023-11-28 Anti-HBs 1.51 mIU/mL
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
The patient is properly hydrated and Cefim (cefepime) has been dose adjusted for the patient’s renal function. G-CSF (filgrastim) is used for neutropenia. No medication discrepancies are found.
The entirety of the oral medications listed on the active medication list are compatible with enteral feeding administration.
All of the oral drugs on the list of active medications can be fed by tube.
[exam findings]
2024-01-01, 2023-12-11 KUB
2023-12-12 MRI - brain
2023-10-20 Patho - bone exostosis
2023-10-18 Nerve Conduction Velocity, NCV
2023-10-17 PET
2023-10-16 CT - chest
2023-10-14 MRI - L-spine
2023-10-13 L-spine AP + Lat. (including sacrum)
2023-10-12 MRI - brain
2023-10-12 CT - brain
2023-10-06 Nasopharyngoscopy
2023-10-06 SONO - ENT head and neck soft tissue
YYYY-MM-DD many omitted …
2022-09-30 KUB
2022-09-19 CXR
2022-09-16 Whole body PET scan
2022-09-09 CT - abdomen
2022-09-08 Patho - stomach biopsy
2022-09-08 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, EGD
2022-09-08 SONO - abdomen
2022-09-02 ECG
2021-10-12, 2020-11-02 SONO - neurology
2019-12-02 Carotid phonoangiograph, CPA
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[immunochemotherapy]
R-ESHAP (rituximab, etoposide, methylprednisolone, cytarabine, cisplatin) - from 2023-11-17 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/diffuse-large-b-cell-lymphoma-dlbcl-suspected-first-relapse-or-refractory-disease-in-patients-who-are-medically-fit
The latest lab results, drawn on 2024-01-03, show that the patient’s neutropenia has resolved.
The sputum aerobic culture, drawn on 2023-12-22, grew S. aureus (MRSA). The patient was started on Targocid (teicoplanin) on 2023-12-12 and continued on this medication until 2024-01-02. Avelox (moxifloxacin) was started on 2023-12-27 and is still being used.
Both CRP and PCT levels on 2024-01-04 were undetectable. Given this, kindly reassess whether the patient still exhibits any potential signs of infection.
Leukopenia was observed in early Nov, approximately 1 to 2 weeks after the patient first started the R-ESHAP regimen on 2023-10-24. The WBC reading has since returned to almost normal, and no further treatment is currently required.
Tube feeding is possible with all oral medications included in the active prescription.
The CNS depressant estazolam might enhance the CNS depressant effect of tramadol, so please monitor any adverse effects as always.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
Ibrance (palbociclib 125mg -> 100mg since 2024) 1# QDCC - 2022-09-07 ~ 2024-01-24 ongoing (21 days of 28 days) Kisqali (ribociclib 200mg) 3# QD - 2020-10-07 ~ 2022-08-03 (21 days of 28 days)
Femara (letrozole 2.5mg) 1# QD - 2017-02-20 ~ 2018-10-01 (repeat prescription)
[neutropenia]
The patient’s WBC count has been gradually declining for a long time. In late 2023, the count dropped to less than 2K/uL, which is considered grade 3 neutropenia.
The patient is currently taking fulvestrant and palbociclib as the main treatment medications. Fulvestrant was started on 2020-10-07, and palbociclib was started on 2020-09-07, to replace ribociclib.
The incidence of neutropenia for fulvestrant is 2%, with 1% grade 3 and <1% grade 4. The incidence of neutropenia for palbociclib is 80-83%, with 55-56% grade 3 and 10-11% grade 4. Therefore, neutropenia is more likely to be attributed to palbociclib.
It is recommended considering a palbociclib dose reduction in future cycles if recovery from grade 3 neutropenia is prolonged (>1 week) or if grade 3 neutropenia recurs on day 1 of subsequent cycles.
There is no evidence of prolonged neutropenia yet, but the dose of palbociclib has been reduced from 125mg daily to 100mg daily since 2024. This is a conservative approach.
[MedRec]
Upon comparing the refilled repeat prescription with patient records in PharmaCloud and HIS5, all medications were successfully integrated into the active medication list without any discrepancies.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[tube feeding]
All medications currently listed on the active drug list for oral administration are suitable for enteral tube feeding.
[reconciliation]
The PhamaCloud database did not contain any records of the patient’s medical history from other healthcare facilities. No medication discrepancies were identified.
[tube feeding]
All medications currently listed for oral administration on the active medication list are suitable for enteral feeding via tube.
The patient has been a long-term patient at NTUH before seeking treatment at our institution. Currently, there are no valid repeat prescriptions issued by NTUH. No discrepancies with medication reconciliation have been identified.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[tube feeding]
This hospital offers Const-K 750mg, the only oral potassium supplement available. Each extended-release tablet delivers 10 mEq of potassium, equivalent to about 4.5 medium bananas. While a single banana can provide some potassium (2.2 mEq per inch, 0.9 mEq per cm), Const-K offers a concentrated and stable dose for easier dietary supplementation. For easier swallowing, the tablet can be crushed into fine particles and mixed with water.
[exam findings]
[consultation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[body weight loss]
According to the weight records revealed by the TPR panel, the patient’s weight was 48kg on 2023-11-23, 37.6kg on 2023-12-13, and 37.2kg on 2023-12-27. CCRT with temozolomide QW12345 began on 2023-12-13. It can be found that the patient’s weight loss mainly occurred before temozolomide initialization. Therefore, temozolomide is less likely to be the main cause of the patient’s weight loss.
It is worth noting that the incidence of anorexia with temozolomide is 27%, nausea (49% to 53%; grades >= 3: 1% to 10%), vomiting (29% to 42%; grades >= 3: 2% to 6%), and lymphocytopenia (grades 3/4: 55%). The patient is currently receiving tube feeding. It is important to monitor the patient’s nutritional intake, observe for nausea and vomiting, and monitor CBC and WBC counts.
[lymphopenia]
The patient’s lymphocyte percentage in WBC DC consistently falls below the normal range of 20% to 45% across all available data points, both pre- and post-CCRT. This persistent lymphopenia might suggest a potential impairment in the patient’s capacity for orchestrated and specific immune responses, which could impact their ability to fight the cancer.
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy]
Due to concerns about the developed peripheral neuropathy, oxaliplatin was not included in the FOLFOX protocol administered during this hospital stay.
Recent guidelines support the use of duloxetine for managing chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Both the 2020 ASCO guideline and the joint ESMO/EONS/EANO guideline recommend duloxetine as a treatment option for neuropathic pain in this setting. (Reference: Loprinzi CL, et al. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:3325)
For adult patients with CIPN, duloxetine is typically started at 30mg orally once daily for the first week, then increased to 60mg once daily thereafter. This dosing recommendation is based on a large, randomized clinical trial by Smith et al. (Reference: Smith EM, et al. JAMA 2013;309(13):1359-67)
There is Cymbalta (duloxetine 30mg capsules) readily available within our stock to be prescribed.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
Based on the findings of the upright CXR performed on 2023-12-24, which showed cardiomegaly, focal consolidation in the left upper and retrocardiac lung fields, and blunted left costophrenic angle, empirical Sintrix (ceftriaxone) was initiated while culture results are pending.
The patient’s persistent hypertension (170/75 mmHg since admission) could suggest exploring a target systolic blood pressure (SPB) of 150 mmHg. Amlodipine 5mg QD and hydralazine 50mg PRNBID have been prescribed for blood pressure control.
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
2023-12-05 - irinotecan 180mg/m2 170mg D5W 250mL 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 400mg NS 250mL 2h4 + fluorouracil 2800mg/m2 2900mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFIRI Q2W. Iri 25% off, Lv and Fu 20% off)
2023-11-21 - irinotecan 180mg/m2 170mg D5W 250mL 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 400mg NS 250mL 2h4 + fluorouracil 2800mg/m2 2900mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFIRI Q2W. Iri 25% off, Lv and Fu 20% off)
2023-11-07 - irinotecan 180mg/m2 170mg D5W 250mL 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 400mg NS 250mL 2h4 + fluorouracil 2800mg/m2 2900mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFIRI Q2W. Iri 25% off, Lv and Fu 20% off)
2023-10-24 - irinotecan 180mg/m2 170mg D5W 250mL 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 400mg NS 250mL 2h4 + fluorouracil 2800mg/m2 2900mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFIRI Q2W. Iri 25% off, Lv and Fu 20% off)
2023-10-03 - irinotecan 180mg/m2 170mg D5W 250mL 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 400mg NS 250mL 2h4 + fluorouracil 2800mg/m2 2900mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFIRI Q2W. Iri 25% off, Lv and Fu 20% off)
2023-09-19 - irinotecan 180mg/m2 170mg D5W 250mL 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 400mg NS 250mL 2h4 + fluorouracil 2800mg/m2 2860mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFIRI Q2W. Iri 25% off, Lv and Fu 20% off)
2023-08-17 - irinotecan 180mg/m2 170mg D5W 250mL 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 400mg NS 250mL 2h4 + fluorouracil 2800mg/m2 2860mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFIRI Q2W. Iri 25% off, Lv and Fu 20% off)
2023-07-12 - irinotecan 180mg/m2 200mg D5W 250mL 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 430mg NS 250mL 2h4 + fluorouracil 2800mg/m2 3000mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFIRI Q2W. Iri, Lv and Fu 20% off)
2023-06-26 - irinotecan 180mg/m2 200mg D5W 250mL 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 430mg NS 250mL 2h4 + fluorouracil 2800mg/m2 3000mg NS 500mL 46hr (FOLFIRI Q2W. Iri, Lv and Fu 20% off)
2022-07-05 - (FOLFOXIRI)
2022-06-21 - (FOLFOXIRI)
2022-06-07 - (FOLFOXIRI)
2022-05-24 - (FOLFOXIRI)
2022-05-10 - (FOLFOXIRI)
2022-04-12 - (FOLFOXIRI)
2022-03-22 - (FOLFOXIRI)
2022-03-08 - (cetuximab + FOLFOXIRI)
2022-02-22 - (cetuximab + FOLFOXIRI)
2022-02-08 - (cetuximab + FOLFOXIRI)
2022-01-18 - (cetuximab + FOLFOXIRI)
2022-04-04 - (cetuximab + FOLFOXIRI)
2021-12-07 - (cetuximab + FOLFOXIRI)
2021-11-02 - (Oxa)
2021-10-05 - (Oxa)
2021-09-14 - (Oxa)
2021-08-24 - (Oxa)
2021-08-03 - (Oxa)
2021-07-13 - (Oxa)
2021-06-09 - (Oxa)
2021-05-18 - (Oxa)
2021-04-27 - (Oxa)
2021-04-06 - (Oxa)
2021-03-16 - (Oxa)
2021-02-23 - (Oxa)
2021-02-01 - (FOLFOX)
2020-07-20 - (Avastin + FOLFIRI)
2020-07-06 - (Avastin + FOLFIRI)
2020-06-22 - (Avastin + FOLFIRI)
2020-06-08 - (Avastin + FOLFIRI)
2020-05-25 - (Avastin + FOLFIRI)
2020-05-06 - (Avastin + FOLFIRI)
2020-04-15 - (Avastin + FOLFIRI)
2020-04-01 - (Avastin + FOLFIRI)
2020-03-20 - (Avastin + FOLFIRI)
[reconciliation]
It is noted that not all of the drugs prescribed on 2023-10-24 by our endocrinologistare currently reflected on the active medication list. To prevent any potential misunderstandings and to ensure timely access to necessary medications, it might be beneficial to double-check and update the list if needed.
Our endocrinologist issued a repeat prescription for Docone (dexamethasone), Florinef (fludrocortisone), Crestor (rosuvastatin), and Lipanthyl Supra (fenofibrate), all of which are currently in use, with no medication reconciliation problems found.
[chemotherapy]
Bortezomib (Velcade), thalidomide (Thalomid), and dexamethasone (VTd) induction therapy for initial treatment of patients with multiple myeloma - 2023-12-21 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=ONC%2F101205
Cycle length: 28 days.
Regimen
Pretreatment considerations:
Monitoring parameters:
Suggested dose modifications for toxicity:
[hyperuricemia]
Hyperuricemia was detected on 2023-12-22 with a serum uric acid level of 11.7 mg/dL. Two potential treatment options for this elevated uric acid level might be considered:
[anemia]
The patient’s HGB level has been consistently below normal since admission. The lowest level was observed on 2023-12-21. Bortezomib was administered on 2023-12-20 and is associated with anemia in 12-23% of patients (grades 3-6). It is possible that bortezomib exacerbated the existing anemia.
The patient should receive red blood cell transfusions as clinically indicated.
[VTd regimen administration schedule]
VTd regimen is supposed to be administered as following:
Bortezomib and dexamethasone were administered on 2023-12-20 (C1D1). However, thalidomide 100 mg daily was started ahead of schedule on 2023-12-14. To align with the administration cycle (28 days) and discontinue thalidomide on C1D22, it should be stopped on 2024-01-10.
[CMV viral load detected]
As of 2023-12-18, the CMV viral load was measured at 190 IU/mL. Depending on the clinical context and your concerns about this level, valganciclovir 900mg BID could be a potential treatment option.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[immunochemotherapy]
Serum uric acid levels sometimes exceed the normal range, and Feburic (febuxostat) has been prescribed for treatment. No medication discrepancies have been identified.
[reconciliation]
The patient’s PharmaCloud records are not currently available. However, after reviewing HIS5, no medication discrepancies were found.
[leukopenia]
Leukopenia was noted in early Oct, approximately 2 weeks after his last R-CHOP treatment (3rd dose) on 2023-09-19. On 2023-10-04, the patient was started on G-CSF (filgrastim) 300mg SC QD. A slight improvement in WBC count was observed on 2023-10-06. There is no problem with the treatment.
2023-10-06 WBC 0.85 x10^3/uL
2023-10-04 WBC 0.65 x10^3/uL
2023-09-26 WBC 3.37 x10^3/uL
2023-09-18 WBC 4.63 x10^3/uL
[lab data]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemoimmunotherapy]
Romiplate (romiplostim 250ug) ST SC
[atrial fibrillation]
Multaq (dronedarone) and Lixiana (edoxaban) were prescribed for the patient’s atrial fibrillation (AF) in a repeat prescription issued by our cardiologist on 2023-09-18. These medications are not currently being used. Please confirm whether there is a contraindicated condition or if the medications are no longer necessary.
Our cardiologist prescribed Urief (silodosin), spironolactone, Multaq (dronedarone), Lixiana (edoxaban), Atozet (ezetimibe, atorvastatin), Wecoli (bethanechol), and Nirandil (nicorandil) on 2023-06-28, and these drugs are correctly included in the active formulary, so no reconciliation issues were found.
[exam findings]
[immunochemotherapy]
[mucositis]
Combining the suggestions from both the MASCC/ISOO 2020 guidelines and the JCO Oncology Practice, here’s a pointwise summary of the recommendations:
Preventive Measures
General Management
Pain Management and Symptom Relief
Hospital Admission Considerations
Diet and Oral Care
Use of Specific Agents
Ref:
Management of Cancer Therapy - Associated Oral Mucositis. JCO Oncology Practice. 2020;16(3):103-109. doi:10.1200/JOP.19.00652
MASCC/ISOO clinical practice guidelines for the management of mucositis secondary to cancer therapy. Cancer. 2020;126(19):4423-4431. doi:10.1002/cncr.33100
[lab data]
2023-08-04 HBV DNA-PCR (quantative) Target Not Detected IU/mL
2023-08-04 Anti-HCV (NM) Negative
2023-08-04 Anti-HCV Value (NM) 0.044
2023-08-04 Anti-HBc (NM) Negative
2023-08-04 Anti-HBc Value (NM) 1.110
2023-08-04 Anti-HBs (NM) Positive
2023-08-04 Anti-HBs Value (NM) 45.800 mIU/mL
2023-08-04 HBsAg (NM) Negative
2023-08-04 HBsAg Value (NM) 0.362
2023-08-04 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-08-04 HBsAg (Value) 0.27 S/CO
2023-08-04 Anti-HBs 45.52 mIU/mL
2023-08-04 Anti-HBc Nonreactive
2023-08-04 Anti-HBc Value 0.48 S/CO
2023-08-04 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-08-04 Anti-HCV Value 0.22 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
[acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS]
Treatment course
ARDS and pembrolizumab considerations
Current status and recommendation
Ref:
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
On 2023-12-18, the patient exhibited pancytopenia, including severe grade 3 anemia. Blood product transfusion was administered the same day.
Low levels of serum sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and albumin were also detected. Taita No.5 electrolyte solution, KCl, and MgSO4 were prescribed.
A positive stool occult blood test (1+) was identified on 2023-12-17. The patient is currently receiving Panzolec (pantoprazole) and Hemoclot (tranexamic acid).
Medication reconciliation found no discrepancies.
[lab data]
2023-11-02 Ferritin 667.6 ng/mL
2023-10-26 FLT3-D835 (bone marrow) Undetectable
2023-10-25 MPO stain Positive (3+)
2023-10-25 ANAE stain Negtive
2023-10-25 CAE stain Positive
2023-10-18 NPM1 (qualitative)(BM) Undetectable
2023-10-18 FLT3/ITD (bone marrow) Undetectable
2023-10-18 JAK2-single site (BM) Undetectable
2023-10-18 BCR/abl (BM) PhiladChr (qual) Undetectable
2023-10-16 Von willebrand factor 100.8 %
2023-10-13 HBV-DNA-PCR Target Not Detected IU/mL
2023-10-12 TSH (NM) 2.348 uIU/ml
2023-10-12 T3 (NM) 95.975 ng/dl
2023-10-12 Free T4 (NM) 1.190 ng/dl
2023-10-13 HBV-DNA-PCR Target Not Detected IU/mL
2023-10-12 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-10-12 HBsAg (Value) 0.41 S/CO
2023-10-12 Anti-HBc Reactive
2023-10-12 Anti-HBc-Value 4.57 S/CO
2023-10-12 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-10-12 Anti-HCV Value 0.10 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
Acute myeloid leukemia: Induction therapy in medically-fit adults - 2023-10-16 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-myeloid-leukemia-induction-therapy-in-medically-fit-adults
(not posted yet)
2023-11-01 WBC 2.15 x10^3/uL
2023-10-28 WBC 1.40 x10^3/uL
2023-10-27 WBC 1.01 x10^3/uL
2023-10-25 WBC 0.96 x10^3/uL
2023-10-23 WBC 0.87 x10^3/uL
2023-10-21 WBC 1.07 x10^3/uL
2023-10-19 WBC 1.82 x10^3/uL
2023-10-16 WBC 3.49 x10^3/uL
2023-10-12 WBC 25.68 x10^3/uL
2023-10-09 WBC 30.61 x10^3/uL
2023-11-01 HGB 7.7 g/dL
2023-10-28 HGB 8.0 g/dL
2023-10-27 HGB 8.1 g/dL
2023-10-25 HGB 8.7 g/dL
2023-10-23 HGB 7.6 g/dL
2023-10-21 HGB 8.1 g/dL
2023-10-19 HGB 7.7 g/dL
2023-10-16 HGB 8.9 g/dL
2023-10-12 HGB 10.3 g/dL
2023-10-09 HGB 9.8 g/dL
2023-11-01 PLT 6 10^3/uL
2023-10-28 PLT 40 10^3/uL
2023-10-27 PLT 56 10^3/uL
2023-10-25 PLT 91 10^3/uL
2023-10-23 PLT 17 10^3/uL
2023-10-21 PLT 32 10^3/uL
2023-10-19 PLT 9 10^3/uL
2023-10-16 PLT 48 10^3/uL
2023-10-12 PLT 148 10^3/uL
2023-10-09 PLT 11 10^3/uL
preparing blood on 2023-11-29, -11-12, -10-28, -10-23, -10-19, -10-11
[anemia]
Pre-existing anemia was identified in this patient prior to the initiation of the standard 7+3 regimen on 2023-10-13. Following completion of three cycles (one 7+3 and two 5+2), it is anticipated to possibly lead to pancytopenia within three weeks. Therefore, RBC transfusions should be provided as needed to manage the patient’s anemia.
[WBC nadir 870/uL on 2023-10-23, no blast found after 2023-10-16]
In AML patients undergoing the 7+3 induction chemotherapy regimen, a nadir leukocyte level, specifically below 200/uL, was linked to a higher probability of achieving complete remission (CR). This indicates that patients who experience a more significant decrease in their leukocyte levels during chemotherapy tend to have a more favorable prognosis in terms of reaching CR. Ref: Association of leukocyte nadir with complete remission in Indonesian acute myeloid leukemia patients undergoing 7+3 remission induction chemotherapy. F1000Res. 2022 May 5;11:495. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.110320.2. PMID: 35721596; PMCID: PMC9194516.
The patient started the standard 7+3 regimen on 2023-10-13 and recent lab data suggest that the nadir was reached on 2023-10-23 with a WBC of 960/uL. Based on the aforementioned study, this correlates with a reduced chance of achieving CR.
However, looking at the percentage of blasts in the WBC differential count, no blasts were detected after 2023-10-16. This indicates at least a short-term effect of the treatment.
[pancytopenia]
The onset of pancytopenia is an expected consequence following the initiation of the standard 7+3 chemotherapy regimen on 2023-10-13. In response to this, the patient received a transfusion of 2 units of leukocyte-poor red blood cells (LPRBC) and 2 units of leukocyte-reduced platelets (LRP) on 2023-10-19, a standard procedure in such cases. This intervention proceeded without any complications.
2023-10-19 WBC 1.82 x10^3/uL
2023-10-16 WBC 3.49 x10^3/uL
2023-10-12 WBC 25.68 x10^3/uL
2023-10-19 HGB 7.7 g/dL
2023-10-16 HGB 8.9 g/dL
2023-10-12 HGB 10.3 g/dL
2023-10-19 PLT 9 *10^3/uL
2023-10-16 PLT 48 *10^3/uL
2023-10-12 PLT 148 *10^3/uL
[von Willebrand factor (VWF)]
The von Willebrand factor (VWF) test results showed normal on 2023-10-16, it means that the amount of VWF in the blood is within the normal range. However, this does not necessarily mean that the person does not have von Willebrand disease (VWD).
There are several types of VWD, and some people with VWD may have normal VWF levels. For example, people with type 2N VWD have normal levels of VWF antigen and VWF activity, but the VWF molecules are not functioning properly.
Other possible reasons for normal VWF levels in a person with VWD include:
If a person with normal VWF levels has a history of bleeding or a family history of VWD, they may still need further testing to rule out VWD. This may include tests such as the ristocetin cofactor (RCo) assay and the VWF multimer analysis.
[leukopenia]
There is no identified history of AML and/or MDS from PharmaCloud or HIS5 records, suggesting this is a newly diagnosed de novo AML in this patient.
The patient was started on the standard 7+3 cytarabine/idarubicin chemotherapy regimen on 2023-10-13. The patient’s white blood cell count (WBC) was high on 2023-10-09, but quickly decreased to 3.49K/uL on 2023-10-16. While a WBC of 3.49K/uL is considered mild leukocytopenia, a decrease in all three types of blood cells (pancytopenia) is expected within the first three weeks after starting the 7+3 regimen.
[hypertension]
Per the records, the patient visited the family medicine department on 2023-10-09 and has a history of hypertension, managed with atenolol, losartan, and red yeast rice. Although no antihypertensive medications are currently listed as active, the latest blood pressure reading of 130/63 mmHg (taken on 10/16 at 08:39) does not indicate significant hypertension. Therefore, there’s no immediate necessity to reintroduce antihypertensive agents. However, it’s advisable to continue monitoring blood pressure to determine if there’s a need to resume these medications.
[risk stratification]
If AML is strongly suspected, genetic analysis is recommended for risk stratification and to determine the presence of actionable mutations (such as FLT3), which may warrant the consideration of additional treatments like midostaurin or potentially quizartinib.
[antiviral prophylaxis]
The American Society of Clinical Oncology and the Infectious Disease Society of America recommend that severely neutropenic patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy receive prophylactic antibacterial and antifungal therapy and that patients who are seropositive for hepatitis B core antibody or herpes simplex virus with leukemia receive antiviral prophylaxis. Ref: Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Adult Patients With Cancer-Related Immunosuppression: ASCO and IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline Update. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 20;36(30):3043-3054. doi: 10.1200/JCO.18.00374. Epub 2018 Sep 4. PMID: 30179565.
Vemlidy (tenofovir alafenamide) is currently used to reduce the risk of reactivation of HBV infection. However, laboratory results for herpes simplex virus are not yet available.
[prophylaxis of bacterial infection in neutropenia]
Severe and prolonged cytopenias are a common occurrence with intensive remission induction therapy, as the patient is likely to develop pancytopenia within three weeks of receiving the standard 7+3 regimen. Transfusions of red blood cells and platelets should be given as needed. However, the routine use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF; filgrastim) and other myeloid growth factors is not usually recommended.
High-risk patients of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia are those who are expected to be neutropenic (ANC < 500 cells/uL) for > 7 days.
Guidelines from the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) recommend consideration of fluoroquinolone prophylaxis in patients at high risk for profound prolonged neutropenia (anticipated ANC <= 100 cells/uL for > 7 days)
Consensus-based National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines suggest strong consideration of fluoroquinolone prophylaxis for high-risk patients: those undergoing allogeneic HCT, neutropenic patients receiving induction chemotherapy for acute leukemia, and any patient in whom the duration of anticipated neutropenia is > 10 days.
Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin have been studied most extensively. Ciprofloxacin has greater in vitro activity than levofloxacin against P. aeruginosa, but levofloxacin has greater in vitro activity against gram-positive bacteria (eg, alpha-hemolytic streptococci) and is given only once daily compared with twice daily for ciprofloxacin.
[prophylaxis of invasive fungal infection in neutropenia]
Continuing from the previous pharmacist’s note:
[chemotherapy dose to remain the same for patient with normal lab results]
For patients receive standard 7+3 regimen, it is recommended to assess for comorbidities that may affect the ability to tolerate intensive therapy.
The patient’s liver and kidney function tests on 2023-10-16 were normal. His 2D transthoracic echocardiography on the same day showed an M-mode Teichholz measurement of 66, adequate left ventricular systolic function, and normal resting wall motion. There is no evidence of tumor lysis syndrome (no serum phosphate was tested). Therefore, there is no need to adjust the patient’s current standard 7+3 chemotherapy dose.
2023-10-16 AST 14 U/L
2023-10-16 ALT 21 U/L
2023-10-16 BUN 18 mg/dL
2023-10-16 Creatinine 0.70 mg/dL
2023-10-16 eGFR 117.82 ml/min/1.73m^2
2023-10-16 Bilirubin total 0.60 mg/dL
2023-10-16 Bilirubin direct 0.08 mg/dL
2023-10-16 DBI/TBI 13.33 %
2023-10-16 K(Potassium) 3.6 mmol/L
2023-10-16 Uric Acid 6.3 mg/dL
2023-10-16 Ca (Calcium) 2.08 mmol/L
[nadir response assessment]
A bone marrow biopsy is done at the lowest point of the patient’s blood counts (hematologic nadir), which is usually between days 14 and 22 of treatment. However, for patients who are not receiving midostaurin (a drug used to treat AML), the nadir assessment does not have to be done on day 22.
Further treatment decisions are based on the results of the bone marrow biopsy:
If the results of the bone marrow biopsy are unclear, another bone marrow biopsy should be done 5 to 7 days later.
[MedRec]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
According to the eGFR laboratory data since Nov, the patient’s renal function has decreased in the past two weeks. The dose of carboplatin has been adjusted accordingly (2023-12-14 425mg <- 2023-11-16 580mg), while the dose of paclitaxel does not require adjustment due to the change in renal function.
Furthermore, no adjustments are needed for the drugs listed on the active medication list other than those used in chemotherapy, based on the renal function test results from 2023-12-13.
[lab data]
2023-12-13 Influenza A Ag Negative
2023-12-13 Influenza B Ag Negative
2023-12-04 Rubella IgM Negative Index
2023-12-04 Rubella IgM Value 0.05
2023-12-04 Measles virus IgM Ab Negative Ratio
2023-12-04 MeaslesIgM Value 0.1 Ratio
2023-12-04 Mumps Virus IgG Positive AU/mL
2023-12-04 Mumps Virus IgGValue >300.0 AU/mL
2023-12-04 Mumps Virus IgM Negative Index
2023-12-04 Mumps IgM Value <0.5 Index
2023-11-27 Anti-HBs 13.70 mIU/mL
2023-11-27 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-11-27 Anti-HCV Value 0.12 S/CO
2023-11-27 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-11-27 HBsAg (Value) 0.37 S/CO
2023-11-27 Anti-HAV IgM Nonreactive
2023-11-27 Anti-HAV IgM Value 0.20 S/CO
2023-11-27 Anti-HAV IgG Reactive
2023-11-27 Anti-HAV IgG Value 9.77 S/CO
[MedRec]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
2023-12-13 ~ 2023-12-14 POMR Family Medicine Ye JiaZe
2023-11-24 ~ 2023-12-08 POMR Hemato-Oncology Gao WeiYao
2023-11-24 VS Note on Admission Day
2021-11-06 ~ 2021-11-19 POMR Urology
[enhancing patient care through shared medical records from Far Eastern Memorial Hospital]
Per the PharmaCloud database, the patient was diagnosed with “Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT-lymphoma)” at Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, with his last visit on 2023-08-24. The patient should be requested to provide the examination results and treatment details from that hospital to enable our medica team a more comprehensive consideration of the current situation.
[optimizing calcitonin Use for hypercalcemia management]
The patient, who has hypoalbuminemia, shows a corrected calcium level of 3.1 mmol/L (12.4 mg/dL) and is currently receiving Miacalcic (calcitonin) at 100 IU SC Q6H.
2023-11-27 Ca (Calcium) 2.91 mmol/L
2023-11-26 Ca (Calcium) 3.03 mmol/L
2023-11-24 Ca (Calcium) 3.08 mmol/L
2023-11-27 Albumin (BCG) 3.0 g/dL
2023-11-24 Albumin (BCG) 3.2 g/dL
For severe hypercalcemia, the maintenance dose of calcitonin can be up to 8 units/kg Q6H to Q12H, starting with an initial dose of 4 units/kg Q12H. Since the current administration of 100 IU Q6H is below the recommended dosage, this may extend the duration of therapy. It’s advisable to limit calcitonin therapy to a period of 24 to 48 hours to avoid tachyphylaxis.
Given that the serum calcium level has not exceeded 3.5 mmol/L (14 mg/dL) and is trending downwards, the combined use of calcitonin with bisphosphonates for a long-term effect may not be essential.
[basal insulin initiation for consistent hyperglycemia]
All recorded blood glucose levels in the TPR panel fall between 230 and 380 mg/dL during this hospitalization, frequently exceeding 300 mg/dL, despite the current use of Insulin Actrapid, NovoRapid, and Trajenta. Therefore, it is advisable to introduce basal insulin (a long-acting type) starting with a daily dose of 2 units, with evaluations every other day to determine if further adjustments are necessary.
[replacing D5W with NS in hyperglycemic hydration plan]
Given the patient’s obvious hyperglycemia, it is advisable to switch from D5W to NS for hydration purposes.
[evaluating causes of hypercalcemia: beyond hyperthyroidism]
The lab results showed no elevation in TSH, Free-T4, or T3, suggesting that hyperthyroidism is an unlikely cause of the hypercalcemia. Could osteolytic bone metastases and local cytokines be contributing factors?
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
The PharmaCloud records show that this patient recently refilled his prescription for metformin and Sevikar (amlodipine, olmesartan) on 2023-12-03 for a 28-day supply. These drugs have been included in the active medication list.
Zytiga (abiraterone) has been in use since early 2021 and continues to be part of the patient’s treatment regimen. Androcur (cyproterone) was administered from 2019-10 to 2020-01, with two doses of Leuplin (leuprorelin) given on 2019-10-01 and 2019-10-31 prior to the initiation of Zytiga.
It is advisable that patients receiving abiraterone should also receive a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog concurrently (or have had a bilateral orchiectomy).
[exam findings]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
The leukopenia observed on 2023-08-24 (WBC 1.5K/uL) was likely a result of the paclitaxel and carboplatin administered on 2023-08-11. Following a 3-day course of G-CSF from 2023-08-24 to 2023-08-26, no further instances of leukopenia have been observed.
A new cycle of the treatment regimen was initiated on 2023-09-01, and prophylactic G-CSF is scheduled for 2023-09-06, 2023-09-07, and 2023-09-08.
2023-08-31 WBC 3.20 x10^3/uL
2023-08-24 WBC 1.50 x10^3/uL
2023-08-08 WBC 5.12 x10^3/uL
2023-07-25 WBC 3.29 x10^3/uL
2023-07-17 WBC 5.76 x10^3/uL
2023-07-12 WBC 4.41 x10^3/uL
2023-07-03 WBC 1.64 x10^3/uL
2023-06-28 WBC 1.69 x10^3/uL
2023-06-19 WBC 2.08 x10^3/uL
2023-06-12 WBC 2.72 x10^3/uL
2023-06-05 WBC 4.78 x10^3/uL
2023-05-30 WBC 3.99 x10^3/uL
2023-05-22 WBC 4.35 x10^3/uL
2023-05-15 WBC 4.67 x10^3/uL
2023-05-12 WBC 4.78 x10^3/uL
2023-05-09 WBC 8.17 x10^3/uL
2023-05-09 WBC 13.14 x10^3/uL
2023-04-19 WBC 5.07 x10^3/uL
2023-04-03 WBC 5.23 x10^3/uL
2023-03-28 WBC 13.97 x10^3/uL
2023-03-23 WBC 7.35 x10^3/uL
2023-03-03 WBC 5.22 x10^3/uL
The Eltroxin (levothyroxine) prescribed by our endocrinologist on 2023-08-01 is currently listed in the active medications without any reconciliation discrepancies identified.
Our endocrinologist wrote a repeat prescription for Eltroxin (levothyroxine) on 2023-08-01 and the drug is included in the formulary with no reconciliation issue identified.
[reconciliation]
The patient was seen by our urologist on 2023-07-12 who prescribed Cero (cefaclor 250mg) 2# TID and Celebrex (celecoxib 200mg) 1# QD for a period of 7 days to treat suspected UTI infection or catheter-related discomfort. These medications are not currently on the active medication list, so it’s advisable to confirm resolution of these symptoms.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[leukopenia, diarrhea]
Review of lab data from HIS5 reveals that the last documented episode of leukopenia occurred on 2023-10-04, exceeding two months ago. Serial WBC counts demonstrate a period of low values approximately one week after docetaxel administration. However, recent data is insufficient to confirm or rule out the current presence of leukopenia.
This patient is currently taking Nolvadex (tamoxifen citrate 10mg/tablet) 1# BID, a medication that is generally not linked to leukopenia.
Moreover, the lab results indicate increased levels of myelocytes and metamyelocytes. It might be important to investigate further to determine if these findings have clinical significance.
No significant episodes of diarrhea were found documented in the recent medical history.
[leukopenia]
The patient underwent 4 rounds of liposome doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide treatment on 2023-05-03, 2023-05-25, 2023-06-15, and 2023-07-06 without any signs of leukopenia.
However, a week following the initial dose of docetaxel on 2023-08-04, leukopenia was detected. Consequently, Granocyte (lenograstim 250ug) was administered the same day.
Docetaxel is associated with a high incidence of leukopenia. (UpToDate: 84% to 99%; grades 3/4: 49%; grade 4: 32% to 44%)
The patient received a second dose of docetaxel on 2023-08-17. Prophylactic G-CSF is scheduled for 2023-08-22 and 2023-08-23. Currently, there’s no indication of newly emerging leukopenia.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[immunochemotherapy]
Bortezomib (Velcade), thalidomide (Thalomid), and dexamethasone (VTd) induction therapy for initial treatment of patients with multiple myeloma - 2023-12-01 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=ONC%2F101205
Cycle length: 28 days.
Regimen
Pretreatment considerations:
Bortezomib - 2023-11-24 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bortezomib-drug-information
[thrombocytopenia]
The C1D15 dose of Velcade (bortezomib) in the VTd regimen was administered on 2023-12-07. As mentioned in the pharmacist’s note from 2023-12-04, the severe thrombocytopenia observed may not be entirely due to the VTd regimen.
Severe thrombocytopenia, with platelet counts falling below 30K to 50K/uL, significantly increases the risk of bleeding and often necessitates treatment. However, the relationship between platelet count and bleeding risk can vary depending on the underlying condition and may be unpredictable. Therefore, platelet product transfusion may be required in this situation.
[thrombocytopenia]
Severe thrombocytopenia emerged in mid and late Nov, necessitating multiple blood transfusions.
The initial session of the VTd regimen was given on 2023-11-23. Notably, the thrombocytopenia episode was present even prior to this treatment. Anemia and thrombocytopenia are frequent complications in multiple myeloma (MM) patients (Ref: Patients With Multiple Myeloma Have a Disbalanced Whole Blood Thrombin Generation Profile. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022 Jun 27;9:919495. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.919495. PMID: 35833182; PMCID: PMC9271700). The thrombocytopenia should not be solely attributed to the use of bortezomib.
[antiviral prophylaxis key to reducing HZ]
Bortezomib therapy may be associated with an increased risk of herpes zoster and infections not related to neutropenia. It is recommended that antiviral prophylaxis (eg, acyclovir 400 mg orally twice a day) should be administered to all patients receiving VTd. Some clinicians also administer trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole double strength once daily on QW135 during treatment. Primary prophylaxis with G-CSF is not indicated.
[diagnosis] - 2023-04-18 admission note
[past history] - 2023-04-18 admission note
[allergy]
Demerol 50 mg/1 mL/amp (Meperidine):anaphylactic shock
[family history]
Father:DM No cancer, CVA, CAD history in her family
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
Granocyte (lenograstim 250ug) CGRAN01
WBC
VDC/IE (vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide alternating with ifosfamide and etoposide) - Bone Cancer - Version 3.2023 - 2023-04-04 - https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/bone.pdf - BONE-B, 2 OF 6, p27
Treatment for Localized Disease, Neoadjuvant chemotherapy - Treatment of Ewing sarcoma - 2023-06-20 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-ewing-sarcoma
Interval compressed chemotherapy for Ewing sarcoma - 2023-06-20 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=ONC%2F110260
[reconsidering doxorubicin in VDC/IE regimen for enhanced efficacy]
The VDC/IE regimen typically includes doxorubicin as a component, but it has been excluded since 2023-09-22. Given that the last 2D echocardiography on 2023-07-31 showed a LVEF of 70% with no apparent cardiotoxicity from doxorubicin, reintroducing doxorubicin could be considered if the patient tolerates it well. This would ensure the completeness of the regimen and potentially enhance its therapeutic effectiveness.
The patient’s condition of having a single kidney should not necessitate the omission of doxorubicin, as there is no requirement for dosage adjustment of doxorubicin for any level of kidney impairment.
The risk of cardiomyopathy associated with doxorubicin is related to the cumulative dose, with incidences ranging from 1% to 20% for cumulative doses between 300 mg/m2 and 500 mg/m2. According to our hospital records, the patient’s cumulative dose is still significantly below 300 mg/m2. Additionally, the chemotherapy preparation room is vigilant in monitoring cumulative doses, ensuring they do not exceed the safe lifetime limit, and will notify the relevant parties as the patient approaches this threshold.
Upon review of the PharmaCloud database and hospital HIS5 records, no medication reconciliation issues were identified.
[leukopenia and anemia]
The administration of the alternating chemotherapy regimen of VDC/IE and the nadir of WBC (< 1K/uL) and HGB (< 9g/dL) are as follows. It seems that the trough of WBC occurs around the 10th day after the administration of VDC, indicating a stronger correlation with VDC in terms of timing than with IE. As for HGB, the changes are not as dramatic as for WBC, but it can be confirmed that during the patient’s receipt of the VDC/IE regimen, the overall HGB level shows a decreasing trend. In addition, it’s worth mentioning that the patient received several transfusions and G-CSF during the treatment period, which are also factors influencing WBC and HGB.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
TAC (Docetaxel, Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide) (breast) - https://www.swagcanceralliance.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/TAC-1.pdf
A review of the patient’s medical records on 2023-12-20, revealed the development of dermatitis or hand-foot syndrome following chemotherapy treatment.
It is noteworthy that the patient is concurrently receiving 3 medications for her breast cancer - docetaxel, tamoxifen, and goserelin (Zoladex Depot - goserelin 10.8mg/syringe, SC on 2023-12-20, Q3M) - all of which have been associated with dermatological adverse reactions in the literature. The reported incidence of these reactions for each medication is as follows:
The development of subsequent skin symptoms may be difficult to definitively attribute to docetaxel, and further observation and follow-up is warranted.
As for the skin symptoms that have already occurred, the preliminary recommendation is to prescribe Sinphraderm and/or Mycomb to relieve them.
The TAC regimen, which includes docetaxel at 75 mg/m2 Q3W (initiated on 2023-09-27), followed 4 courses of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide from 2023-05-03 to 2023-07-18. Docetaxel has been linked to dermatologic side effects such as alopecia (56% to 76%, with potential permanence), skin reactions (20% to 48%; severe reactions in 5%), and nail disorders (11% to 41%), as per UpToDate. To address these skin issues, a consultation with a dermatologist is recommended. The aim is to manage the patient’s comfort effectively while maintaining the current chemotherapy schedule and dosage.
Leukopenia episodes were noted on 2023-08-09, 2023-10-04, and 2023-11-15. Prompt administration of G-CSF was carried out in response to these occurrences. Currently, there are no indications of leukopenia.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[lab data]
2023-07-26 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-07-26 HBsAg (Value) 0.24 S/CO
2023-07-26 Anti-HBs 39.06 mIU/mL
2023-07-26 Anti-HBc Nonreactive
2023-07-26 Anti-HBc-Value 0.31 S/CO
2023-07-26 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-07-26 Anti-HCV Value 0.11 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
[leukopenia improved]
The administration of Granocyte (lenograstim) for 3 consecutive days, starting from 2023-12-03, has effectively improved the patient’s condition of leukopenia.
[leukopenia]
Two rounds of the gemcitabine and cisplatin regimen were given on 2023-11-21 and 2023-11-28. A leukopenia episode occurred on 2023-12-02, reaching a nadir WBC count of 0.33K/uL, and was treated with three consecutive days of Granocyte (lenograstim 250ug). Following this treatment, an initial increase in white blood cell count was observed.
The second session of treatment involved a reduced dose compared to the first, utilizing two-thirds of the gemcitabine dose and 80% of the cisplatin dose. The use of G-CSF did not present any issues.
[thrombocytopenia]
Thrombocytopenia has developed, and leukocyte-reduced platelet pheresis (LRP) is being administered (2023-12-04). Please continuously monitor the patient’s PLT levels.
[EGFR testing for SCC lung cancer]
Based on the available evidence, testing for EGFR mutations in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung is a topic of debate and ongoing research. While EGFR mutations are more commonly associated with lung adenocarcinoma, there is evidence to suggest that a small percentage of SCC patients also harbor EGFR mutations (Si et al., 2022; Nishimura et al., 2023). The presence of EGFR mutations in SCC lung cancer patients is important because these mutations can predict sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) (Shigematsu & Gazdar, 2006). However, the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs in SCC patients with sensitive EGFR mutations remains unclear (Chang et al., 2021). Additionally, the prevalence of EGFR mutations in SCC patients has been reported to be about 1-5% Si et al. (2022).
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[immunochemotherapy]
The patient recently obtained a 28-day supply of Norvasc (amlodipine) and Diovan (valsartan) on 2023-09-12, to manage his primary hypertension. These drugs have been added to the active medication list, and there were no reconciliation issues identified.
[diagnosis] - 2023-03-20 admission note
[past history] - 2023-03-20 admission note
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemoimmunotherapy]
dexamethasone 4mg + diphenhydramine 30mg + palonosetron 250ug + NS 250mL dexamethasone 4mg + diphenhydramine 30mg + palonosetron 250ug + metoclopramide 10mg + NS 250mL dexamethasone 4mg + diphenhydramine 30mg + palonosetron 250ug + metoclopramide 10mg + NS 250mLIt appears that there is a suspicion of AKI in this patient due to the decline in renal function.
2023-07-16 Creatinine 4.13 mg/dL
2023-07-03 Creatinine 1.68 mg/dL
2023-07-16 eGFR 15.77
2023-07-03 eGFR 44.52
2023-07-16 BUN 71 mg/dL
2023-07-03 BUN 29 mg/dL
Based on the patient’s current renal status, the dosage of drugs in the active formulary has been reviewed and no adjustment is required.
According to the PharmaCloud database, our hospital has been the sole provider of all required medical services and medications for this patient for the past 3 months.
Our endocrinologist recently prescribed a refillable regimen of Tresiba Flex Touch (insulin degludec), Relinide (repaglinide), Trajenta (linagliptin), Aprovel (irbesartan), Tulip (atorvastatin), and Bokey (aspirin) on 2023-06-20. These drugs were added to the patient’s active medication list. As a result, no medication reconciliation issues were identified.
The most recent administration of CHOP was on 2023-06-16, and subsequent lab results indicate that leukopenia is still progressing. The use of G-CSF is covered by NHI when WBC < 1000/uL or ANC < 500/uL. Therefore, if the patient’s lab results meet these criteria, the use of G-CSF could be an appropriate management strategy. Please continue monitoring the patient’s WBC and ANC levels to make informed decisions about future treatment strategies.
Upon review of the PharmaCloud database, it is observed that the patient has exclusively sought medical care at our hospital for the past three months. No issues related to medication reconciliation have been identified.
The patient’s renal function has remained insufficient over the past month, with an eGFR of 26 on 2023-06-15. The dose of cyclophosphamide in the CHOP regimen has been adjusted in response to this renal insufficiency. Please continue to monitor the patient’s renal function and consider whether further dose adjustments are necessary.
In addition, the LFT also demonstrated an increase in ALT. According to Folyd’s 2006 recommendations, when a patient’s transaminases are 2 to 3 times the ULN, the dose of doxorubicin should be reduced to 75% of the standard dose. (The manufacturers’ guidelines suggest adjusting doses based on serum bilirubin levels. However, the most recent test results show that this patient’s bilirubin level is within the normal range.)
Based on the PharmaCloud database, the patient has only visited our hospital for medical needs in the past three months. After reviewing the database, no medication reconciliation issues were identified.
Lab results on 2023-05-11 indicate creatinine 3.26 mg/dL, eGFR 20.72, BUN 83 mg/dL, demonstrating the patient’s renal insufficiency. The rationale for dose adjustment in the CHOP regimen for patients with renal impairment is as follows:
The cyclophosphamide dose has been reduced to 75% since the last administration on 2023-03-24 as indicated without an issue.
The other medications listed in the active prescription should be used with caution, considering the patient’s renal insufficiency (ref: UpToDate):
Please continue to monitor regularly and consider dose adjustments as needed based on patient renal function.
[lab data]
2023-11-30 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-11-30 HBsAg (Value) 0.35 S/CO
2023-11-30 Anti-HBc Reactive
2023-11-30 Anti-HBc-Value 6.35 S/CO
2023-11-30 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-11-30 Anti-HCV Value 0.12 S/CO
[exam findings]
[consultation]
[thrombocytosis]
Thrombocytosis improves, cause remains unclear.
Elevated D-dimer levels, in conjunction with elevated fibrinogen, can further indicate the increasing risk of thrombosis and cardiovascular complications. The combination of elevated fibrinogen and D-dimer levels is considered a stronger risk factor for thrombosis than either one alone. Close monitoring is essential.
[diagnosis] - 2023-03-23 admission note
[past history]
[allergy]
[family history]
[lab data]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
[note]
Acneiform eruption secondary to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and MEK inhibitors 2023-04-12 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acneiform-eruption-secondary-to-epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-egfr-and-mek-inhibitors
CT scans from 2023-09-07 and 2023-06-08 both indicate mild regression of lymph nodes (LNs) and liver metastases, with a stable condition of bony metastases. This suggests that the Vectibix + FOLFOX regimen, initiated in Mar 2023, continues to be effective against the disease.
[potential folate-dependent anemia]
The patient has been on long-term iron supplementation, yet the MCV value is at the upper limit of the normal range (97.3 fL on 2023-10-30). While iron deficiency anemia typically presents with a low MCV, the observed decrease in HGB might be attributed to potential Vitamin B12 deficiency, folate deficiency, liver disease, or bone marrow dysfunction.
5-FU, a component of the FOLFOX regimen, disrupts DNA synthesis in cells. It acts by inhibiting the enzyme thymidylate synthase, which relies on folate for its activity. By inhibiting this enzyme, 5-FU can decrease the availability of active folate forms within cells. It’s plausible that the patient’s reduced HGB is related to folate deficiency.
After reviewing HIS5 records, there are no medication reconciliation issues. PharmaCloud is not accessible currently.
There are no medication reconciliation issues after review of PharmaCloud and HIS5 records.
According to the PharmaCloud database, our hospital has been the only medical institution providing care and prescriptions for this patient over the past three months. The Hemato-Oncology department is solely responsible for the patient’s recent medications. Hence, no medication reconciliation issues were detected.
Lab data on 2023-04-06 showed normal readings.
The patient’s anemia has improved with the use of Foliromin (ferrous sodium citrate) for the past 6 months. It is recommended to either discontinue or reduce the frequency of the medication from twice daily (BID) to once daily (QD) due to an expected decline in the marginal effect of iron supplementation, as the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is approaches 100 fL.
In late Feb/early Mar 2023, the patient developed a localized skin eruption secondary to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor panitumumab. He is currently adequately being treated with a topical regimen of tetracycline, metronidazole, silver sulfadiazine, and urea.
{DLBCL}
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
A review of PharmaCloud and HIS5 records revealed no medication discrepancies. However, the patient’s serum LDH level has shown a concerning upward trend this month. Previously, it remained stable following the initiation of the R-COP regimen on 2023-09-22. This recent rise warrants considering an update of the medical images to better assess the effectiveness of the treatment on the underlying disease.
[hypoalbuminemia]
Hypoalbuminemia is emerging, and Plasbumin (human albumin) treatment was started on 2023-11-29.
Given the patient’s recent lab results indicating normal liver and kidney function, the likelihood of hypoalbuminemia resulting from albumin loss in urine due to nephrotic syndrome or reduced hepatic albumin synthesis is lower. Please verify if the patient is experiencing malnutrition and/or edema.
[leukopenia]
Episodes of leukopenia were noted approximately 1 to 2 weeks following the first cycle of R-COP on 2023-09-22 and the second cycle on 2023-10-11, specifically on 2023-10-04 and 2023-10-24. Granocyte (lenograstim) was appropriately administered for two periods of three consecutive days on these dates. Currently, there are no signs of leukopenia.
According to the National Health Insurance medication reimbursement regulations, short-acting G-CSF injections, such as filgrastim and lenograstim, are indicated for use after intravenous chemotherapy for hematologic malignancies. This patient should meet the criteria for such coverage.
[diagnosis] - 2023-05-01 admission note
[past history]
[allergy]
[family history]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
[proactive measures for leukopenia and renal function management]
After initiating the 5th cycle of R-COP/R-mCHOP on 2023-09-28, the patient experienced leukopenia in early Oct.
With a new session scheduled during this hospital stay, there’s a possibility of another leukopenia episode. Therefore, it may be advisable to have prophylactic G-CSF ready for use.
The patient has impaired renal function, but it is not severe enough to require dose adjustments for current medications. However, if the eGFR falls below 50 or creatinine exceeds 1.5, it’s important to consider adjusting the doses of Allegra (fexofenadine) and Lixiana (edoxaban).
[reconciliation]
[to adjust Dibose (acarbose) from BID to BIDCC]
Given the patient’s history of heart failure, doxorubicin may not be an appropriate component of the treatment regimen. Instead of R-CHOP, R-COP was chosen as the treatment regimen to avoid the potential cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin.
On 2023-05-03, the progress note indicated that the patient had increased frequency of vomiting and difficulty with oral intake due to NG tube cough. Metoclopramide, a dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist, is currently prescribed. If symptoms persist, the addition of serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonists (such as ondansetron, granisetron, or palonosetron) and/or neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonists (such as aprepitant, fosaprepitant, rolapitant, or netupitant) may be considered. These medications work through different mechanisms to control nausea and vomiting and may provide additional relief for the patient.
Dibose (acarbose) should be taken with the first bite of each main meal or just before starting a meal for best results. Acarbose works by slowing down the digestion of carbohydrates in the intestines, helping to control blood sugar levels. Taking it at the beginning of a meal ensures its optimal effect on carbohydrate digestion. It is recommended to change the medication from current BID to BIDCC.
[exam finding]
[consultation]
2023-11-15 Infectious Disease
2023-09-25 Gastroenterology (not completed)
2023-09-25 Infectious Disease
2022-04-20 Radiation Oncology
2022-03-12 Radiation Oncology
2022-02-15 Radiation Oncology
2022-02-14 Gastroenterology
2022-01-25 General and Gastrointestinal Surgery
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemoimmunotherapy]
[Brosym dosage assessment for the patient with jaundice and poor renal function]
This patient has severe jaundice and poor kidney function, and is currently being treated with Brosym (cefoperazone, sulbactam) 4g IVD Q12H.
Sanford Guide:
The current dosage of Brosym is twice the recommended amount according to the Sanford Guide. Please consider reducing the dosage based on the clinical situation.
[biweekly gemcitabine-cisplatin and monthly pembrolizumab demonstrate sustained response]
The current treatment regimen, which includes biweekly administrations of gemcitabine and cisplatin, along with monthly pembrolizumab, initiated on 2023-08-15, seems to remain effective. This effectiveness is indicated by the decreasing trend in CA-199 levels and the stable readings of CEA.
2023-11-14 CA-199 (NM) 79.720 U/ml
2023-11-07 CA-199 (NM) 78.021 U/ml
2023-10-24 CA-199 (NM) 190.180 U/ml
2023-10-17 CA-199 (NM) 208.840 U/ml
2023-09-19 CA-199 (NM) 210.380 U/ml
2023-09-08 CA-199 (NM) 148.890 U/ml
2023-08-25 CA-199 (NM) 593.460 U/ml
2023-08-22 CA-199 (NM) 850.900 U/ml
2023-07-28 CA-199 (NM) 1253.210 U/ml
2023-05-26 CA-199 (NM) 23.184 U/ml
2023-03-10 CA-199 (NM) 11.934 U/ml
2022-11-18 CA-199 (NM) 11.891 U/ml
2022-11-07 CA-199 10.940 U/mL
2022-10-07 CA-199 (NM) 8.593 U/ml
2022-08-10 CA-199 (NM) 9.805 U/ml
2022-05-05 CA-199 (NM) 8.925 U/ml
2022-04-29 CA-199 (NM) 18.368 U/ml
2022-03-09 CA-199 (NM) 21.032 U/ml
2022-01-15 CA-199 103.380 U/mL
2023-11-14 CEA (NM) 7.340 ng/ml
2023-11-07 CEA (NM) 6.487 ng/ml
2023-10-24 CEA (NM) 7.002 ng/ml
2023-10-17 CEA (NM) 8.315 ng/ml
2023-09-19 CEA (NM) 5.347 ng/ml
2023-09-08 CEA (NM) 6.293 ng/ml
2023-08-25 CEA (NM) 7.052 ng/ml
2023-08-22 CEA (NM) 7.820 ng/ml
2023-07-28 CEA (NM) 6.275 ng/ml
2023-05-26 CEA (NM) 3.872 ng/ml
2023-03-10 CEA (NM) 4.042 ng/ml
2022-11-18 CEA (NM) 3.139 ng/ml
2022-11-07 CEA 3.090 ng/mL
2022-10-07 CEA (NM) 3.624 ng/ml
2022-08-10 CEA (NM) 2.325 ng/ml
2022-05-05 CEA (NM) 2.259 ng/ml
2022-04-29 CEA (NM) 3.142 ng/ml
2022-03-09 CEA (NM) 1.678 ng/ml
2022-01-15 CEA 3.380 ng/mL
[assessing the risk of edema in the context of increasing hypoalbuminemia]
The patient is exhibiting a trend of worsening hypoalbuminemia. Factors such as impaired liver function, suspected cholangitis, and infection could be contributing to this condition. It is advisable to check for the presence of edema, as indicated by the weight increase from 56.4 kg on 2023-11-08 to 60.8 kg on 2023-11-15.
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
2023-11-19 - melphalan 100mg/m2 160mg NS 500mL 1hr D1-2 (D-2,-1 conditioning regimen prior to APBSCT D0 2023-11-21)
2023-09-26 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.2mg SC (VTd)
2023-09-19 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.2mg SC (VTd)
2023-07-07 - cyclophosphamide 3000mg/m2 4800mg NS 500mL 2hr (for PBSC harvest)
2023-06-16 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.2mg SC (VTd)
2023-06-09 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.2mg SC (VTd)
2023-06-02 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.2mg SC (VTd)
2023-05-26 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.2mg SC (VTd)
2023-05-19 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.2mg SC (VTd)
2023-05-12 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.2mg SC (VTd)
2023-05-05 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.1mg SC (VTd)
2023-04-28 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.1mg SC (VTd)
2023-04-21 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.1mg SC (VTd)
2023-04-14 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.1mg SC (VTd)
2023-04-07 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.1mg SC (VTd)
2023-03-31 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.1mg SC (VTd)
2023-03-24 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.1mg SC (VTd)
2023-03-17 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.1mg SC (VTd)
2023-03-09 - bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 2.1mg SC (VTd)
Bortezomib (Velcade), thalidomide (Thalomid), and dexamethasone (VTd) induction therapy for initial treatment of patients with multiple myeloma - 2023-11-29 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=ONC%2F101205
Cycle length: 28 days.
Regimen
[APBSCT day 8: minor WBC rise, no PLT improvement]
Today is Day 8 post-APBSCT, and there is a slight increase in the WBC level observed. However, the PLT remains low and has not shown any signs of rising.
2023-11-29 WBC 0.73 x10^3/uL D08
2023-11-27 WBC 0.03 x10^3/uL D06
2023-11-26 WBC 0.02 x10^3/uL D05 nadir
2023-11-25 WBC 0.53 x10^3/uL D04
2023-11-24 WBC 4.25 x10^3/uL D03
2023-11-23 WBC 11.14 x10^3/uL D02
2023-11-22 WBC 3.81 x10^3/uL D01
2023-11-20 WBC 5.23 x10^3/uL D-1
2023-11-29 PLT 18 *10^3/uL D08
2023-11-27 PLT 53 *10^3/uL D06
2023-11-26 PLT 78 *10^3/uL D05
2023-11-25 PLT 28 *10^3/uL D04
2023-11-24 PLT 51 *10^3/uL D03
2023-11-23 PLT 75 *10^3/uL D02
2023-11-22 PLT 98 *10^3/uL D01
2023-11-20 PLT 143 *10^3/uL D-1
Based on the lab results from 2023-11-29, the patient’s liver and kidney functions are normal, indicating no need for dosage adjustments due to liver or renal concerns.
[tube feeding]
Concor 5mg - For administration, employ the Simple Suspension Method (SSM). This involves dissolving the tablet in warm drinking water, leaving it for 5-10 minutes, and occasionally stirring or gently shaking the container until the tablet fully dissolves. Once dissolved, it can be administered through a feeding tube. This technique is particularly useful for dissolving tablets and capsules in warm water, making them suitable for suspension and feeding tube administration.
Harnalidge 0.4mg - Since Harnalidge (tamsulosin 0.4mg) is not appropriate for tube feeding, it is advised to transition to Urief (silodosin 8mg) as a suitable alternative to meet the patient’s requirements.
[minutes of interprofessional practice and family meeting]
Today, at 11:00 on 2023-11-16, an interprofessional practice and family meeting was convened by the attending physician, Dr. Gao, in the conference room of Ward 11A. The patient, along with his wife and only son, attended the meeting.
Dr. Gao provided the patient and his family with a comprehensive explanation about the current status of the disease, prognosis, the expected outcomes and risks associated with autologous PBSCT, and asked several questions to assess whether the family fully understood the situation.
Before the meeting, I visited the family and informed that the patient’s bilirubin levels were slightly elevated, but renal function was normal, and there was currently no need to adjust dosages due to liver or kidney function status.
As the patient’s hearing has been gradually declining, I suggested during the post-meeting casual conversation that, once the transplantation procedure is completed and the patient is in a stable condition, he should consider consulting an otolaryngologist to explore further corrective measures, such as getting a hearing aid.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[Akynzeo use for prolonged nausea control post-chemotherapy]
On 2023-11-21, the patient was administered cisplatin at 40mg/m2, with premedication including dexamethasone, diphenhydramine 30mg, palonosetron 250ug, and NS hydration.
Post-treatment, the patient experienced nausea and vomiting for an additional three days, leading to the prescription of metoclopramide.
For subsequent chemotherapy sessions, it may be beneficial to consider Akynzeo, available in this hospital. Akynzeo, containing netupitant, an NK-1 receptor antagonist with a 96-hour half-life, could provide prolonged anti-emetic effects.
[hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia]
Cisplatin is a common cause of hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia due to renal magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) losses.
2023-11-27 K (Potassium) 3.1 mmol/L
2023-11-24 K (Potassium) 3.8 mmol/L
2023-11-23 K (Potassium) 4.9 mmol/L
2023-11-27 Mg (Magnesium) 1.8 mg/dL
2023-11-06 Mg (Magnesium) 1.9 mg/dL
Magnesium (MgO) and potassium (Const-K) supplements are currently in use. There is no problem with the supplementation.
[mild hyponatremia]
Based on the laboratory data, mild hyponatremia has been consistently observed for the past month and a half, and it may be considered to investigate the possible underlying causes.
[elevated BUN]
Cisplatin primarily injures the S3 segment of the proximal tubule. Urea undergoes a more complex process involving reabsorption and secretion in different parts of the tubules, while creatinine is not significantly reabsorbed after filtration. The elevated BUN may be a vague indication of cisplatin nephrotoxicity.
Every oral medication listed as currently active is suitable for administration via a feeding tube.
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
2023-11-21 - (Avastin + FOLFIRI) Xia He Xiong
2023-11-01 - (Avastin + FOLFIRI) Xia He Xiong
2023-10-13 - (Avastin + FOLFIRI) Xia He Xiong
2023-09-22 - (FOLFIRI) Xia He Xiong
2023-09-01 - (FOLFIRI) Xia He Xiong
2023-08-22 - (FOLFOX) Chen XinHong
2023-08-07 - (FOLFOX) Xiao GuangHong
2023-07-24 - (FOLFOX) Xiao GuangHong
2023-07-10 - (FOLFOX) Xiao GuangHong
2023-06-26 - (FOLFOX) Xiao GuangHong
2023-06-12 - (FOLFOX) Xiao GuangHong
2023-05-29 - (FOLFOX) Xiao GuangHong
[lab data]
2023-04-07 Anti-HBs 64.07 mIU/mL
2023-04-07 Anti-HBc Nonreactive
2023-04-07 Anti-HBc Value 0.08 S/CO
2023-04-07 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-04-07 Anti-HCV Value 0.06 S/CO
2023-04-07 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-04-07 HBsAg (Value) 0.47 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[reduced chemotherapy dosage in this hospitalization]
The dosage of the paclitaxel-cisplatin regimen given during this hospital stay was decreased to 60% of the previous amount, taking into account the patient’s ability to tolerate the treatment.
While the CEA and CA125 markers are within normal limits, the rising CA199 levels may indicate underlying conditions that are yet to be identified and warrant further investigation.
The drugs prescribed by VGHTPE on 2023-10-16 are currently in use, no medication discrepancy is found.
The drugs rufinamide, lamotrigine, topiramate, lacosamide, perampanel, and clobazam refilled on 2023-09-08 to treat the patient’s “localization-related (focal) (partial) symptomatic epilepsy and epileptic syndromes with simple partial seizures, not intractable, with status epilepticus” are currently in use with no discrepancy found.
No medication discrepancy has been found.
[reconciliation]
This patient recently refilled a 30-day prescription on 2023-07-24, provided by Taipei Veterans General Hospital, for rufinamide, lamotrigine, topiramate, lacosamide, perampanel, and clobazam to manage her “localization-related (focal) (partial) symptomatic epilepsy and epileptic syndromes with simple partial seizures, not intractable, with status epilepticus.” However, these medications are not currently in use. Please verify if there is no longer a need for these drugs.
[leukopenia]
The organization of WBC level changes is as follows, where * represents WBC < 3K/uL, ** represents WBC < 2K/uL. Leukopenia, which occurred in late May and worsened in mid-June, is more likely the result of the cumulative effects of multiple CCRTs when considering the treatment timeline. After each dose of Granocyte (lenograstim 250ug) administered on 2023-06-29 and 2023-07-01, leukopenia is currently no longer present.
2023-07-13 WBC 5.96 x10^3/uL 2023-07-06 WBC 4.03 x10^3/uL
2023-06-29 WBC 1.64 x10^3/uL ** Granocyte (lenograstim 250ug) 06/29,
07/01 2023-06-15 WBC 1.59 x10^3/uL ** concurrent CDDP 06/08 2023-06-07
WBC 2.05 x10^3/uL * concurrent CDDP 06/01 2023-05-31 WBC 2.02 x10^3/uL
*
2023-05-24 WBC 2.22 x10^3/uL * concurrent CDDP 05/18, 05/25 2023-05-17
WBC 3.21 x10^3/uL concurrent CDDP 05/11 2023-05-10 WBC 3.47 x10^3/uL
concurrent CDDP 05/04 2023-05-02 WBC 5.00 x10^3/uL
2023-03-30 WBC 10.44 x10^3/uL
2023-03-28 WBC 3.01 x10^3/uL
2023-03-08 WBC 3.31 x10^3/uL
2021-07-12 WBC 3.97 x10^3/uL
[paclitaxel administered, leukopenia needs to be monitored in the coming weeks]
[lab data]
2023-08-04 Anti-HBc Reactive
2023-08-04 Anti-HBc-Value 7.10 S/CO
2023-08-04 Anti-HBs 205.76 mIU/mL
2023-08-04 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-08-04 HBsAg (Value) 0.27 S/CO
2023-08-04 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-08-04 Anti-HCV Value 0.10 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[abnormal liver function test results point to possible liver damage]
Laboratory findings indicate elevated liver function test (LFT) values, suggesting possible liver damage.
The patient has been receiving Baraclude (entecavir) and BaoGan (silymarin), and is prescribed Nexium (esomeprazole 40mg), taken as 1# QOD, no medication problem identified.
[dosing adjustments in hepatic impairment: guidelines for AC(Lipo) components]
The AC(Lipo) regimen being administered to this patient includes pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide.
Medication not found to be mismatched.
No discrepancy in the medication is found.
The AST to ALT ratio has been greater than 1 since the earliest available data from 2023-08-03. Please exclude the possibility of alcohol abuse in this patient. In addition, the subsequent initiation of cyclophosphamide from 2023-08-28 may also lead to hepatotoxicity.
[leukopenia]
A single dose of docetaxel (35mg/m2) was administered on 2023-08-12 before an episode of leukopenia was observed on 2023-08-21. Following a single injection of Granocyte (lenograstim 250ug), no further episodes of leukopenia have been observed to date.
2023-08-28 WBC 15.29 x10^3/uL
2023-08-23 WBC 19.11 x10^3/uL
2023-08-21 WBC 1.84 x10^3/uL 2023-08-16 WBC 6.88 x10^3/uL
2023-08-14 WBC 12.40 x10^3/uL
2023-08-12 WBC 7.95 x10^3/uL
2023-08-10 WBC 10.92 x10^3/uL
2023-08-03 WBC 9.67 x10^3/uL
2023-06-19 WBC 11.37 x10^3/uL
2023-08-28 Neutrophil 82.5 %
2023-08-25 Neutrophil 77.4 %
2023-08-23 Neutrophil 55.7 %
2023-08-21 Neutrophil 7.6 % 2023-08-16 Neutrophil 77.2 %
2023-08-14 Neutrophil 94.2 %
2023-08-10 Neutrophil 68.9 %
2023-08-03 Neutrophil 74.5 %
2023-06-19 Neutrophil 76.0 %
[monitor cardiac function going forward]
While 2D transthoracic echocardiography on 2023-08-09 showed preserved right ventricular systolic function, ECG on 2023-08-23 showed T-wave abnormalities consistent with anterior ischemia and prolonged QT interval. Since anthracyclines such as doxorubicin may prolong the QT interval, it would be prudent to monitor the condition after administration of (liposomal) doxorubicin (on 2023-08-28).
2023-08-04 breast biopsy pathology IHC revealed: ER (-), PR (-), Her2/neu (3+), CK5/6 (-), p63 (+ for myoepithelium).
NHI coverage for pertuzumab is applicable under the following conditions: 1. Pertuzumab, in combination with trastuzumab and docetaxel, is used to treat patients with HER2-positive (IHC3+ or FISH+) metastatic breast cancer who have not previously received treatment with anti-HER2 therapy or chemotherapy for metastasis. 2. Prior approval is required for usage, and after approval, efficacy assessment data must be provided every 18 weeks for re-application. If the disease worsens, re-application should not be pursued. The maximum coverage duration for each patient is limited to 18 months.
If doxorubicin is intended for use, it is advisable to conduct a pre-treatment 2D transthoracic echocardiography to establish the baseline heart function.
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[MultiTeam]
[immunochemotherapy]
Enhertu (trastuzumab deruxtecan) dosing
Lab data
Although the suggested dosage of the medication is 5.4mg/m2, the dose actually given was only around 40% of this recommendation. This significant reduction in dosage may lead to less than optimal treatment outcomes. (Enhertu is currently not covered by the NHI).
Please monitor for and promptly investigate signs and symptoms including cough, dyspnea, fever, and other new or worsening respiratory symptoms. Permanently discontinue fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan in all patients with >= grade 2 ILD/pneumonitis. Advise the patient of the risk and the need to immediately report symptoms.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
2023-06-26 - bevacizumab 5mg/kg 300mg NS 100mL 90min + oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 120mg D5W 250mL 2hr + irinotecan 150mg/m2 220mg D5W 250mL 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 580mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 2800mg/m2 4120mg NS 500mL 46hr (Avastin + FOLFOXIRI; Q2W)
2023-05-18
2023-04-20
2023-03-21
2023-03-03 - (Avastin + FOLFOX; Q2W)
2023-02-01 - (Avastin + FOLFOX; Q2W)
2022-12-23 - (Avastin + FOLFOX; Q2W)
2022-12-02 - (Avastin + FOLFOX; Q2W)
2022-11-15 - (Avastin + FOLFOX; Q2W)
2022-10-20 - (Avastin + FOLFOX; Q2W)
2022-09-16 - (Avastin + FOLFOX; Q2W)
2022-08-18 - (Avastin + FOLFOX; Q2W)
2022-08-01 - (Avastin + FOLFOX; Q2W)
2022-07-08 - (Avastin + FOLFOX; Q2W)
2022-06-17 - (Avastin + FOLFOX; Q2W)
2022-04-26 - (Avastin + FOLFOX; Q2W)
2022-04-08 - (Avastin + FOLFOX; Q2W)
2022-03-08 - (Avastin + FOLFOX; Q2W)
2022-02-10 - (Avastin + FOLFOX; Q2W)
2022-01-07 - (Avastin + FOLFOX; Q2W)
2021-12-21 - (Erbitux + FOLFOX; Q2W)
2021-11-03 - (Erbitux + FOLFOX; Q2W)
2021-10-18 - (Avastin + FOLFIRI; Q2W)
2021-09-29 - (Avastin + FOLFIRI; Q2W)
2021-07-29 - (Avastin + FOLFIRI; Q2W)
2021-07-09 - (Avastin + FOLFIRI; Q2W)
2021-06-25 - (Avastin + FOLFIRI; Q2W)
2021-06-07 - (Avastin + FOLFIRI; Q2W)
2021-05-21 - (Avastin + FOLFIRI; Q2W)
FOLFOXIRI chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer - 2023-11-23 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=ONC%2F70559
FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy for metastatic pancreatic cancer - 2023-11-23 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=ONC%2F79571
Modified FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer - 2023-11-23 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=ONC%2F109546
[rising tumor markers and progressive disease]
This patient has a history of multiple lines of treatment for her cancer, including:
Both CEA and CA199 have been rising for the past two months, consistent with the progressive disease seen on the CT scan on 2023-09-27.
2023-11-21 CEA (NM) 382.930 ng/ml
2023-10-24 CEA (NM) 130.315 ng/ml
2023-09-26 CEA (NM) 95.670 ng/ml
2023-11-21 CA-199 (NM) 4220.750 U/ml
2023-10-24 CA-199 (NM) 2298.450 U/ml
2023-09-26 CA-199 (NM) 1177.830 U/ml
As the liver metastases are more severe, more intensive monitoring of liver function might be advisable.
[mixed acid-base disorder?]
Here’s a breakdown of the results of the venous blood gas (VBG - 2023-11-22) values:
The results suggest a mild metabolic alkalosis, as indicated by the slightly elevated pH and bicarbonate levels, along with a positive base excess.
Meanwhile, lactic acid was elevated (2023-11-22 2.5 mmol/L), this could indicate lactic acidosis, a condition where there is an accumulation of lactic acid in the body, often due to inadequate oxygen delivery to tissues (hypoxia), shock, or other metabolic issues.
In the context of the mild metabolic alkalosis suggested by the vein blood gas results, elevated lactic acid could point towards a mixed acid-base disorder. This is where more than one acid-base imbalance is occurring simultaneously.
O2 cannula 3L/min has been ordered and the updated SpO2 is 95% (2023-11-23).
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
2023-09-10 Urology
2023-06-08
2023-05-19
2023-05-18
2023-05-17
2023-04-21 Hemato-Oncology
2023-04-20 Obstetrics and Gynecology
[chemotherapy]
2023-11-22 - paclitaxel 175mg/m2 170mg NS 250mL 3hr + carboplatin AUC 5 400mg NS 250mL 2hr + [docetaxel 30mg/m2 30mg + cisplatin 30mg/m2 30mg + gentamicin 40mg + sodium bicarbonate 3800mg + NS 1000mL] IP 1hr (70%)
2023-10-19 - paclitaxel 175mg/m2 170mg NS 250mL 3hr + carboplatin AUC 5 400mg NS 250mL 2hr + [docetaxel 30mg/m2 40mg + cisplatin 30mg/m2 40mg + gentamicin 40mg + sodium bicarbonate 3800mg + NS 1000mL] IP 1hr (70%)
2023-09-11 - [liposome doxorubicin 30mg/m2 40mg D5W 250mL + carboplatin AUC 5 900mg NS 250mL] IP 90min
2023-08-21 - paclitaxel 175mg/m2 180mg NS 250mL 3hr + carboplatin AUC 5 600mg NS 250mL 2hr
2023-07-31 - paclitaxel 175mg/m2 180mg NS 250mL 3hr + carboplatin AUC 5 600mg NS 250mL 2hr
2023-07-06 - paclitaxel 175mg/m2 180mg NS 250mL 3hr + carboplatin AUC 5 600mg NS 250mL 2hr
2023-06-08 - paclitaxel 175mg/m2 180mg NS 250mL 3hr + carboplatin AUC 5 600mg NS 250mL 2hr
2023-05-18 - paclitaxel 175mg/m2 135mg NS 250mL 3hr + carboplatin AUC 5 450mg NS 250mL 2hr
2023-04-25 - paclitaxel 175mg/m2 260mg NS 250mL 3hr + carboplatin AUC 5 375mg NS 250mL 2hr
No medication reconciliation issues were found after reviewing PharmaCloud and HIS5.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
[brentuximab vedotin] (not posted)
Health Insurance Medication Coverage Regulations (2023-10-24 version)
[family meeting] (not posted)
On the morning of 2023-11-22, at 10:00 AM in the 11A ward meeting room, a family meeting for the patient was convened by the attending physician, Dr. Gao. Attendees included the patient, her father, mother, elder sister, younger brother, and husband.
During the meeting, Dr. Gao thoroughly explained the current status of the disease, prognosis, and the conditions for health insurance coverage of targeted medications. The meeting particularly focused on ensuring that the patient’s family support network has a correct understanding of the condition and can provide timely support to the patient. The patient was also encouraged to actively raise any questions or concerns she might have during the treatment process and seek assistance from the medical team.
In an informal conversation after the meeting, outside the patient’s room, I further explained to the patient and her family about the risks of “tumor lysis syndrome” and “infusion reaction,” as well as the key points to cooperate with during treatment. The patient seemed willing to comply with the treatment.
[lab data]
2023/03/17 Anti-HBc (NM) = Positive; 2023/03/17 HBsAg (NM) = Negative; 2023/03/17 HBsAg Value (NM) = 0.454; 2023/03/17 Anti-HBs (NM) = Positive; 2023/03/17 Anti-HCV (NM) = Negative;
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
After the surgical operation on 2023-08-07 (Pancreato-duodenectomy Whipple procedure with reconstruction, which included partial gastrectomy, pancreato-duodenal anastomosis, Billroth II, and Braun anastomosis), the tumor marker CA199 significantly decreased from four digits to two digits.
Lab data from 2023-11-20 indicates that, apart from slightly impaired renal function, liver function, electrolytes, and blood counts are largely within normal ranges.
No medication discrepancies identified.
[vancomycin TDM]
U-Vanco (vancomycin) has been administered at a dose of 1000mg Q12H IVD since 2023-11-18, with scheduled administration times at 09:00 and 21:00. The blood sample was drawn on 2023-11-20 at 02:25:37, following the administration at 20:19 on 2023-11-19, and before the next dose at 12:47 on 2023-11-20. If the aim is to measure the trough level, the ideal time for blood sampling should be within half an hour before the next dose. Please confirm if the timing of the blood draw was correct.
If after confirmation, the blood draw timing is deemed accurate (indicating a vancomycin concentration of 22 mg/L is reliable), then the current dosage of 1000mg Q12H should be reduced to 750mg Q12H.
[exam findings]
[lab data]
[exam findings] (not completed)
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[lab data]
2023-05-05 Anti-HBc Reactive
2023-05-05 Anti-HBc-Value 6.66 S/CO
2023-05-05 Anti-HBs 414.12 mIU/mL
2023-05-05 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-05-05 Anti-HCV Value 0.08 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
There were no issues found during medication reconciliation, and based on the patient’s latest lab results indicating normal renal and liver function, no dose adjustments are required.
[MedRec]
[reconciliation]
On 2023-10-18, the patient attended JingMei Hospital for treatment of polyneuropathy and received a 28-day prescription for mecobalamin, chlorzoxazone, brotizolam, and trazodone. These medications have not been recorded in the current medication list. Please verify if this constitutes a discrepancy.
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
2023-11-09 A-FOLFIRI He JingLiang
2023-10-19 A-FOLFIRI He JingLiang
2023-09-22 A-FOLFIRI He JingLiang
2023-09-01 A-FOLFIRI He JingLiang
2023-08-07 A-FOLFIRI He JingLiang
2023-07-24 A-FOLFIRI He JingLiang
2023-07-06 A-FOLFIRI He JingLiang
2023-06-15 A-FOLFIRI He JingLiang
2023-05-19 A-FOLFIRI Wan XiangLin
2023-05-05 A-FOLFIRI Wan XiangLin
2023-04-07 A-FOLFIRI Wan XiangLin
2023-03-20 A-FOLFIRI Wan XiangLin
2023-03-03 FOLFIRI Wan XiangLin
2023-02-14 FOLFIRI Zhang ShouYi
2022-12-27 FOLFIRI Zhang ShouYi
2021-10-28 XELOX Xiao GuangHong
2021-10-07 XELOX Xiao GuangHong
2021-09-16 XELOX Xiao GuangHong
2021-08-26 XELOX Xiao GuangHong
2021-08-05 XELOX Xiao GuangHong
2021-07-15 XELOX Xiao GuangHong
2021-06-24 XELOX Xiao GuangHong
2021-06-03 XELOX Xiao GuangHong
Medication
{S-colon cancer, cT3N2aM0 s/p laparoscopic anterior resection and enterolysis on 2019-09-11 s/p post-Op adjuvant chemotherapy FOLFOX finishing in 2020-04 with periotneal seeding s/p laparoscope rt diaphram tumor excision 2021-06-09}
[past history]
Left thyrioid goiter for 3-4 years with follow up at Taipei City Hospital FuYou Branch
Gastric polyp, body s/p biopsy (biopsy: Hyperplastic polyp) in 2019/08
past operation
double cancer
[lab data]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[immunochemotherapy]
[Lonsurf combination therapy for mCRC: dosage considerations in patients with low BSA]
Both tumor markers CEA and CA199 trend upward in 2023.
2023-10-17 CEA 79.30 ng/mL
2023-09-05 CEA 34.28 ng/mL
2023-07-18 CEA 20.55 ng/mL
2023-05-30 CEA 12.06 ng/mL
2023-05-05 CEA 5.88 ng/mL
2023-04-03 CEA 4.42 ng/mL
2023-03-08 CEA 4.25 ng/mL
2023-01-31 CEA 3.12 ng/mL
2023-01-06 CEA 2.70 ng/mL
2023-10-17 CA199 389.11 U/mL
2023-09-05 CA199 69.02 U/mL
2023-07-18 CA199 71.84 U/mL
2023-05-30 CA199 60.36 U/mL
2023-05-05 CA199 56.00 U/mL
2023-04-03 CA199 82.57 U/mL
2023-03-08 CA199 85.56 U/mL
2023-01-31 CA199 83.54 U/mL
2023-01-06 CA199 69.10 U/mL
On 2023-10-17, at the patient’s Hemato-Oncology outpatient department visit, it was recorded that the patient and her family have opted for further treatment with TAS-102 (Lonsurf) along with bevacizumab, which they will be self-financing.
Lonsurf (two dosage combinations: trifluridine 15mg + tipiracil 7.065mg; trifluridine 20mg + tipiracil 9.42mg) is a temporary purchase item in our hospital currently.
Lonsurf combination therapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: Oral 35 mg/m2/dose (based on the trifluridine component) twice daily on days 1 to 5 and days 8 to 12 of a 28-day cycle (in combination with bevacizumab; maximum per dose: trifluridine 80 mg); continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
The patient has a relatively low BSA. 2023-10-09 BH 150cm, BW 40.8kg -> BMI 18.1kg/m2, BSA 1.30m2.
Recommended trifluridine/tipiracil metastatic colorectal cancer dosagea according to the patient’s BSA will be 45mg (based on the trifluridine component) BID, i.e., [trifluridine 15mg + tipiracil 7.065mg] 3# BID.
[loss of appetite]
visiting the patient (with her daughter accompanied) at around 16:20 on 2021-08-13.
S:
O:
A:
Suggestion
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
2023-11-09 - bevacizumab 7.5mg/m2 500mg NS 100mL 1.5hr + paclitaxel 175mg/m2 300mg NS 250mL 3hr + carboplatin AUC 5 600mg NS 250mL 2hr (Avastin + paclitaxel + carboplatin; Q3W)
2023-10-09 - paclitaxel 150mg/m2 270mg NS 250mL 6hr + carboplatin AUC 5 700mg NS 250mL 2hr + [docetaxel 30mg/m2 55mg + cisplatin 30mg/m2 55mg + gentamicin 40mg + NaHCO3 2800mg + NS 800mL] IP 1hr
2023-09-18 - paclitaxel 150mg/m2 270mg NS 250mL 6hr + carboplatin AUC 4 500mg NS 250mL 2hr + [docetaxel 30mg/m2 54mg + cisplatin 30mg/m2 54mg + gentamicin 40mg + NaHCO3 2800mg + NS 800mL] IP 1hr
2023-08-28 - paclitaxel 150mg/m2 270mg NS 250mL 6hr + carboplatin AUC 4 500mg NS 250mL 2hr (paclitaxel + carboplatin; Q3W)
2023-08-24 - bevacizumab 5mg/kg 600mg NS 500mL 90min (Avastin)
2023-08-07 - [liposome doxorubicin 30mg/m2 60mg D5W 250mL + carboplatin AUC 5 750mg NS 250mL] IP 90min (HIPEC)
2023-07-04 - paclitaxel 175mg/m2 300mg NS 250mL 6hr + carboplatin AUC 5 600mg NS 250mL 2hr
2023-06-12 - paclitaxel 175mg/m2 300mg NS 250mL 6hr + carboplatin AUC 5 600mg NS 250mL 2hr
2023-05-22 - paclitaxel 175mg/m2 300mg NS 250mL 6hr + carboplatin AUC 5 600mg NS 250mL 2hr
[sustained response to neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy]
The patient underwent 3 cycles of paclitaxel and carboplatin neoadjuvant chemotherapy between 2023-05-22 and 2023-07-04. On 2023-08-07, she underwent surgery for ovarian cancer debulking, removal of intraabdominal malignant tumors, omentectomy, adhesiolysis, and HIPEC. Since then, she has received several cycles of paclitaxel and carboplatin adjuvant therapy. Both tumor markers, CA125 and CEA, continue to decrease, suggesting that the treatment is still effective.
2023-10-20 CA-125 (NM) 24.145 U/ml
2023-10-03 CA-125 (NM) 30.618 U/ml
2023-09-11 CA-125 (NM) 53.641 U/ml
2023-08-29 CA-125 (NM) 58.890 U/ml
2023-07-25 CA-125 (NM) 105.698 U/ml
2023-07-07 CA-125 (NM) 945.500 U/ml
2023-06-27 CA-125 (NM) 1417.280 U/ml
2023-06-06 CA-125 (NM) 1071.020 U/ml
2023-05-13 CA-125 782.100 U/mL
2023-10-20 CEA (NM) 6.433 ng/ml
2023-10-03 CEA (NM) 7.930 ng/ml
2023-09-11 CEA (NM) 9.771 ng/ml
2023-08-29 CEA (NM) 8.772 ng/ml
2023-07-25 CEA (NM) 74.188 ng/ml
2023-07-07 CEA (NM) 113.983 ng/ml
2023-06-27 CEA (NM) 95.131 ng/ml
2023-06-06 CEA (NM) 22.970 ng/ml
2023-04-22 CEA 17.240 ng/mL
Based on the PharmaCloud database, our hospital has been the exclusive healthcare provider for this patient in the past three months. Additionally, according to HIS5 records, our cardiologist issued a repeat prescription on 2023-08-18, which included Xarelto (rivaroxaban), Ulstop (famotidine), and Concor (bisoprolol). All of these medications have been added to the active medication list, and there were no issues identified during the reconciliation process.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[monitoring CEA levels post-Hartmann surgery: signs of emerging resistance to FOLFIRI regimen]
The Hartmann procedure was performed on 2022-12-24, after which the tumor marker CEA significantly decreased to within normal limits and remained so until August 2023. Recently, there has been an increase in the CEA levels, which could indicate the potential emergence of resistance to the current treatment regimen FOLFIRI which has been initiated since 2023-02-16.
[small bowel obstruction]
On 2023-11-08, a CT scan revealed a small bowel obstruction (SBO) in the patient, with a prior episode of postoperative ileus evidenced by KUB imaging in January 2023.
Patients with SBO may experience significant fluid loss, metabolic acidosis or alkalosis, and electrolyte imbalances. This is particularly true for patients with prolific vomiting from a proximal SBO, those with symptoms lasting several days before presentation, or those with an obstruction that results in large-volume fluid sequestration within the bowel. The patient is currently on an intravenous regimen of normal saline 500mL twice daily and Taita No.5 solution 500mL every 12 hours, which is considered an appropriate treatment.
In cases of SBO with significant distension, nausea, and/or vomiting, nasogastric tube decompression may be considered. Patients with these symptoms likely have a complete or high-grade obstruction; decompression can improve comfort and minimize the worsening of distension due to swallowed air.
Antibiotics are indicated if there is a suspicion of bowel compromise, such as ischemia, necrosis, or perforation.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
Lab results remained largely unremarkable on 2023-12-21. Medication reconciliation confirmed no discrepancies.
Notably, the addition of bevacizumab to the paclitaxel + carboplatin regimen since 2023-11-07 has been associated with a sustained decline in CA-125 levels. Additionally, no adverse events related to bevacizumab, such as hypertension, gastrointestinal perforation, bleeding, or thromboembolic events, have been reported to date.
Upon review of the PharmaCloud database, the patient’s medication records are consistent with no discrepancies.
Following the cytoreductive surgery performed on 2023-08-29 and 2 subsequent cycles of the paclitaxel and carboplatin regimen administered on 2023-09-25 and 2023-10-16, there was a significant reduction in the tumor marker CA-125.
Avastin (bevacizumab) has been added to the treatment protocol beginning with the 3rd cycle. The patient should be closely monitored for signs of hypertension, gastrointestinal perforation, bleeding or thromboembolic events.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
The patient’s repeat prescription from WanFang Hospital, which includes clopidogrel, nicorandil, indapamide, nifedipine, rosuvastatin, and benzbromarone, was last filled on 2023-10-17. However, not all of these medications are listed as currently active. Verification is required to determine if the medications not in use have been intentionally discontinued.
[exam findings] (not completed)
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
[leukopenia; G-CSF administration is usually begun 24 to 72 hours after cessation of chemotherapy]
Continuing from the previous pharmacist note replied on 2023-10-30.
New episodes of leukopenia were observed in late Oct and early Nov. Granocyte (lenograstim) was administered on 2023-11-03, just prior to paclitaxel chemotherapy.
Timing of G-CSF - When used for primary and secondary prophylaxis, therapy is usually begun 24 to 72 hours after cessation of chemotherapy. (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/use-of-granulocyte-colony-stimulating-factors-in-adult-patients-with-chemotherapy-induced-neutropenia-and-conditions-other-than-acute-leukemia-myelodysplastic-syndrome-and-hematopoietic-cell-transplantation)
[leukopenia]
Several episodes of leukopenia have been observed since the start of immunochemotherapy on 2023-04-15. The most recent episode occurred on 2023-10-27 with WBC at 1.86K, neutrophil and band at 58.9%, and ANC at 1095. This coincided with the administration of adjuvant paclitaxel. Paclitaxel has a known association with leukopenia (90%; grade 4: 17%). It’s generally not recommended for patients with solid tumors who have a baseline neutrophil count below 1500/uL. If there’s a high risk of infection, the use of G-CSF is recommended.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemmotherapy]
Gemcitabine and cisplatin for locally advanced or metastatic biliary tract and pancreatic cancer - 2023-11-06 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=ONC%2F89633
Cycle length: 21 days.
Duration of therapy: Maximum of 8 cycles.
Regimen
[reconciliation]
The patient recently renewed her prescriptions for lorazepam and alprazolam on 2023-10-31 at a community pharmacy. Alprazolam is listed as currently in use, but lorazepam is not included in the active medication list. It might be advisable to ascertain if lorazepam is no longer required.
[diagnosis] - 2023-04-06 admission note
[lab data]
2023-06-28 CMV IgM Nonreactive
2023-06-28 CMV IgM Value 0.04 Index
2023-06-28 FLT3/ITD Presence of mutation * 2023-06-28 NPM1
Undetectable
2023-06-28 PML-RARA 0.0000
2023-06-28 BCR／abl Undetectable
2023-06-28 CMV viral load assay Target not detecetedIU/mL
2023-04-22 CMV IgM Nonreactive
2023-04-22 CMV IgM Value 0.08 Index
2023-04-22 CMV_IgG Reactive
2023-04-22 CMV_IgG Value 49.0 AU/mL
2023-02-01 CMV viral load assay Target not detecetedIU/mL
2023-01-27 CMV_IgG Reactive
2023-01-27 CMV_IgG Value 22.8 AU/mL
2023-01-27 CMV IgM Nonreactive
2023-01-27 CMV IgM Value 0.12 Index
2023-01-20 BM chromosome analyz
- CYTOGENETICS LABORATORY REPORT - Chromosome Analysis： - Tissue
Examined：Bone marrow - Staining Method：G-Banding - Colony number：NA -
Bands level：350 - Chromosome Counts： - 45-()、46-(20)、47-()、Other-()
Total-(20) - Karyotype：46,XY[20] - Interpretation： - Analysis of this
bone marrow sample shows a male having 46,XY[20] karyotype. No
chromosomal abnormality was detected. - Note： - ROUTINE BANDED LEVEL
DOES NOT RULE OUT REARRANGEMENT ONLY SEEN AT HIGHER LEVELS OF
RESOLUTIONS.
2023-01-17 FLT3-D835 Undetectable
2023-01-12 PML-RARA Presence of mutation *
2023-01-12 BCR/abl Undetectable
2023-01-12 FLT3/ITD Presence of mutation * 2023-01-12 NPM1
Undetectable
2023-01-10 CMV IgM Nonreactive
2023-01-10 CMV IgM Value 0.21 Index
2023-01-10 CMV_IgG Reactive
2023-01-10 CMV_IgG Value 11.8 AU/mL
2023-01-10 Anti-HBc Nonreactive
2023-01-10 Anti-HBc-Value 0.70 S/CO
2023-01-10 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-01-10 HBsAg (Value) 0.33 S/CO
2023-01-10 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-01-10 Anti-HCV Value 0.13 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
Granocyte (lenograstim 250ug) CGRAN01
G-CSF (filgrastim 150ug) CGCSF01
2023-01-13 - tretinoin 50mg
[note]
Rydapt (midostaurin) — 2023-08-31 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/midostaurin-drug-information
Chemotherapy regimens for relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adults — 2023-07-04 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=HEME%2F82823
Cytarabine — 2023-04-12 - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cytarabine-conventional-drug-information
FLAG-IDA for acute myeloid leukemia — 2023-07-04 - https://aml-hub.com/medical-information/flag-ida-for-acute-myeloid-leukemia
FLAG-Ida for Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) — 2023-07-04 - https://media.leukaemiacare.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/FLAG-Ida-for-Acute-Myeloid-Leukaemia-AML-Web-Version.pdf
FLAG (fludarabine + high-dose cytarabine + G-CSF): an effective and tolerable protocol for the treatment of ‘poor risk’ acute myeloid leukemias — https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7526088/
[Posanol (posaconazole) initial dose may be insufficient]
For prophylactic treatment against invasive fungal infections, the package insert recommends administering Posanol (posaconazole) at a dose of 300 mg twice on the first day, followed by 300 mg daily thereafter.
Failing to administer the medication twice on the initial day could potentially compromise or delay its intended effects.
[pancytopenia]
Rydapt (midostaurin 25 mg) 2# PO Q12H has been initiated since 2023-07-28. The package insert recommends taking the medication with food. Please ensure that the patient takes the medication with food Q12H.
The following adverse drug reactions and incidences are associated with midostaurin:
Since pancytopenia had already developed before this drug administration, it would be difficult to distinguish to what extent the subsequent pancytopenia would gradually be attributed to midostaurin (if any).
[pancytopenia]
Both fludarabine and cytarabine, which are components of the FLAG regimen, are known to cause bone marrow suppression, especially fludarabine.
The patient received two cycles of the FLAG regimen, one on 2023-06-21 and the other on 2023-07-19. The first cycle resulted in a 5-day period (2023-06-28 to 2023-07-02) of WBC < 1K/uL, and the second cycle resulted in WBC < 1K/uL since 2023-07-24, which has not yet returned to levels above 1K/uL. Thrombocytopenia was previously mentioned in the pharmacist’s note. The HGB levels show a similar trend to the PLT levels. In addition, the patient has received several blood transfusions this year on different dates (2023-01-02, 2023-01-06, 2023-01-11, 2023-01-18, 2023-01-22, 2023-01-26, 2023-01-28, 2023-01-30, 2023-02-03, 2023-03-03, 2023-03-07, 2023-03-11, 2023-03-17, 2023-04-14, 2023-04-18, 2023-04-22, 2023-04-26, 2023-04-30, 2023-06-19, 2023-06-28, 2023-07-17, 2023-07-21, 2023-07-25) and also received G-CSF in the first quarter of this year.
The FLAG regimen was initiated on 2023-06-21. However, the current thrombocytopenia event had started even before the regimen was administered. Visually estimating the platelet count before and after the FLAG administration, the values were approximately within the range of 50 +- 25 K/uL, and there was no clear downward trend. This is because the patient had received multiple transfusions to maintain PLT a certain level.
2023-07-06 PLT 55 x10^3/uL
2023-07-04 PLT 25 x10^3/uL
2023-07-02 PLT 48 x10^3/uL
2023-06-30 PLT 23 x10^3/uL
2023-06-28 PLT 62 x10^3/uL Blood Transfution
2023-06-26 PLT 37 x10^3/uL
2023-06-25 PLT 47 x10^3/uL
2023-06-24 PLT 73 x10^3/uL
2023-06-23 PLT 28 x10^3/uL Blood Transfution 2023-06-22 PLT 40
x10^3/uL
2023-06-21 PLT 54 x10^3/uL FLAG 2023-06-20 PLT 47 x10^3/uL
2023-06-19 PLT 19 x10^3/uL Blood Transfution 2023-06-08 PLT 70
x10^3/uL
2023-05-04 PLT 247 x10^3/uL
2023-05-02 PLT 176 x10^3/uL
2023-05-01 PLT 137 x10^3/uL Blood Transfution (2023-04-30)
The risk of bleeding generally increases with platelet counts below 40 to 50 K/uL, but there isn’t a strong linear correlation between platelet count and bleeding risk. If major or life-threatening bleeding occurs, platelet transfusions should be administered without delay.
[FLT3 inhibitors]
Laboratory data from 2023-01-12 and 2023-06-28 indicated the presence of FLT3/ITD mutation.
There are two FDA approved FLT3 inhibitors for AML included in the National Health Insurance Medication Reimbursement Regulations, namely:
Currently, Rydapt is a temporarily procured drug at our hospital, and Xospata does not have a built drug code yet. If any of these two drugs is considered further use, a temporary procurement procedure must be carried out.
[neutropenia follow-up]
[leukopenia]
On 2023-01-09, the patient started a regimen containing anthracycline and cytarabine (idarubicin for 3 days + cytarabine for 7 days), which led to more than 2 weeks of leucopenia with a WBC count of less than 1000/uL. More than 5 weeks later, on 2023-02-23, the second dose was shifted to daunorubicin for 3 days and cytarabine for 7 days. This time, the duration of WBC less than 1000/uL was approximately halved to 1 week. Although the patient was administered G-CSF (filgrastim 150ug) and Granocyte (lenograstim 250ug) on 2023-03-03, WBC count did not appear to increase soon after.
On 2023-04-07, the patient received daunorubicin for 3 days and cytarabine for 5 days at a more intensive dose of 2000mg/m2 amounting to 4000mg every 12 hours. After the administration, the WBC count has not dropped below 1000/uL and there has been a reduction in the severity of leukopenia to date.
WBC lab data
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
[tube feeding]
All of the oral medications on the active medication list can be administered through a feeding tube.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemoimmunotherapy]
[hyperglycemia]
During this hospital stay, the patient’s blood glucose levels have consistently been elevated (216 -> 376 -> 294 mg/dL).
It is advisable to introduce acarbose 50mg PO TIDCC, with the patient instructed to take each dose at the beginning of every main meal.
On 2023-08-08, our endocrinologist provided a repeat prescription for Glimet (glimepiride, metformin) and Trajenta (linagliptin), which the patient is currently taking without discrepancies. However, the patient’s blood glucose levels have been consistently high, >= 285 mg/dL for these 2 days. As a recommended addition to his treatment plan, the prescription of Dibose (acarbose 100mg) is advised to be taken as 0.5# TID, with the first bite of each main meal.
Glimet (glimepiride, metformin) and Trajenta (linagliptin) were refilled on 2023-07-05 as a repeat prescription prescribed by our endocrinologist on 2023-05-16. Both medications have been added to the active medication list without any identified issues.
At 20:14 on 2023-07-27, there was a spike in blood glucose to 269 mg/dL. If this elevation persists, it may require re-evaluation and possible modification of the antidiabetic treatment plan.
There appears to be an upward trend in liver enzyme levels. Given this situation, the addition of BaoGan (silymarin) could be considered as an optional measure if there are no other specific concerns.
2023-07-25 S-GPT/ALT 73 U/L
2023-07-13 S-GPT/ALT 50 U/L
2023-07-13 S-GPT/ALT 51 U/L
2023-06-28 S-GPT/ALT 31 U/L
2023-06-15 S-GPT/ALT 28 U/L
2023-07-25 S-GOT/AST 49 U/L
2023-07-13 S-GOT/AST 34 U/L
2023-07-13 S-GOT/AST 33 U/L
2023-06-28 S-GOT/AST 26 U/L
2023-06-15 S-GOT/AST 27 U/L
According to the PharmaCloud database, our hospital has been the sole provider of the patient’s medical services for the past three months. On 2023-06-24, our Thoracic Department issued a 7-day prescription for Curam (amoxicillin, clavulanic acid), Actein (acetylcysteine), Romicon-A (dextromethorphan, cresolsulfonate, lysozyme), and MgO. Due to changes in the patient’s condition, Curam and MgO are not currently on the active formulary, indicating that these medications may no longer be needed. Therefore, no evidence of medication reconciliation discrepancies was identified.
[lab data]
2023-09-20 Anti-HBc Reactive
2023-09-20 Anti-HBc Value 3.40 S/CO
2023-09-20 Anti-HBs 191.16 mIU/mL
2023-09-20 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-09-20 Anti-HCV Value 0.12 S/CO
2023-09-20 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-09-20 HBsAg (Value) 0.32 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
Induction Chemotherapy With Mitomycin, Epirubicin, Cisplatin, Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin Followed by Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma - https://sci-hub.se/10.1200/JCO.2001.19.23.4305
Access to the patient’s PharmaCloud records is currently unavailable.
Following the initial cycle of the MEPFL regimen, leukopenia was noted for several days. Prompt intervention with G-CSF effectively alleviated this episode.
The second cycle of the MEPFL regimen incorporated a “scaled-down” version of the “MEP” components (mitomycin 6mg/m2, epirubicin 50mg/m2, cisplatin 50mg/m2) compared to the first cycle (mitomycin 8 mg/m2, epirubicin 60 mg/m2, cisplatin 60 mg/m2), as per the original trial (https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2001.19.23.4305). This modification aimed to mitigate the recurrence of such episodes.
There is no discrepancy found in the medication.
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
[grade 3 diarrhea]
Based on the bowel movement records from the HIS5’s TPR panel, the patient has not had any instances of bowel movements reaching seven times in a day during her last three hospital stays.
It has been documented that the occurrence of diarrhea is linked with trastuzumab (7% to 25%), pertuzumab (46% to 67%), and neratinib (diarrhea at 95%; severe diarrhea: 2%). Given that the use of trastuzumab and pertuzumab started in Sep 2022 and has been continuous since then, and neratinib was only introduced in mid-Sep 2023, and its likelihood of causing diarrhea is higher than the former two, it is plausible that the recent episode of grade 3 diarrhea is more likely attributed to neratinib.
The prescription of Smecta and loperamide is an appropriate measure.
The patients should be reminded to maintain a fluid intake of approximately 2 L/day to prevent dehydration. Once the diarrhea improves to grade 1 or returns to baseline, it is recommended to initiate loperamide at 4 mg with each subsequent dose of neratinib.
[lab data]
2023-09-20 HBsAg (NM) Negative
2023-09-20 HBsAg Value (NM) 0.422
2023-09-20 Anti-HBc (NM) Positive
2023-09-20 Anti-HBc Value (NM) 0.01
2023-09-20 Anti-HCV (NM) Negative
2023-09-20 Anti-HCV Value (NM) 0.042
2023-09-20 Anti-HBs (NM) Positive
2023-09-20 Anti-HBs value (NM) 46.4 mIU/mL
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
PharmaCloud data indicates that the patient has only been to our hospital within the last three months. Our urologist prescribed a refill of Harnalidge (tamsulosin) on 2023-09-26, and the medication is currently being used without any issues.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[patient’s weight is too light]
A dosage of 1# QD could be considered appropriate for this patient with a less severe condition, given his body weight of 37 kg. This dosage is approximately equivalent to 1.5# QD for a patient weighing 57 kg.
[reconciliation]
The patient obtained a 28-day refill of the repeat prescription for Dilantin Kapseals (phenytoin) for his “absence epileptic syndrome, not intractable, with status epilepticus” from Taipei City Hospital on 2023-08-04. However, the patient is currently not taking phenytoin (according to the active medication list). It is recommended to assess whether the patient’s neurological symptoms persist and to determine the continued necessity of the drug.
[lab data]
2023-09-14 Anti-HBc Reactive
2023-09-14 Anti-HBc-Value 1.30 S/CO
2023-09-14 Anti-HBs 127.72 mIU/mL
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
Upon reviewing both PharmaCloud and HIS5 records, no medication discrepancies were detected. However, PharmaCloud indicates that the patient visited MinSheng Hospital and received a diagnosis of an unspecified UTI on 2023-10-18. It may be prudent to verify that the UTI has been resolved.
Dipeptiven ref: https://www.fresenius-kabi.com/nz/documents/Dipeptiven_Datasheet.pdf
Based on the information in the PharmaCloud database, our hospital has been the exclusive provider of all necessary medical services and medications for this patient for the past three months. All current medications have been prescribed by our hemato-oncology department. Therefore, no medication reconciliation issues have been identified.
The recent lab results indicate a decreasing trend in the patient’s CEA level, potentially suggesting that the current regimen of FOLFIRI plus Avastin is effective. On the other hand, the gradually increasing CA199 level could imply a condition related to the pancreas, which aligns with the abdomen sonography conducted on 2023-02-09 suggesting suspected fatty infiltration of the pancreas? The latest lab results from 2023-06-26 showed normal readings in CBC, electrolytes, and renal and liver functions. The dosage of irinotecan in the FOLFIRI regimen has been increased to a regular dose (180mg/m2) during this hospitalization. No adjustments to the medication dosage are currently required.
{Left overain cacner, High grade serous carcinoma, with liver mrtastasis, s/p Debulking surgery}
[lab data]
2022-05-15 HCV Genotyping Test HCV Not Detected
2022-05-13 HCV RNA-PCR (quantative) Target Not Detected IU/mL
2022-05-12 HBsAg Nonreactive
2022-05-12 HBsAg (Value) 0.41 S/CO
2022-05-12 Anti-HBc Reactive
2022-05-12 Anti-HBc-Value 6.22 S/CO
2022-05-12 Anti-HBs 0.79 mIU/mL
2022-05-12 Anti-HCV Reactive
2022-05-12 Anti-HCV Value 15.23 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
After reviewing the PharmaCloud and HIS5 records, no concerns were found.
The CA125 levels have been within the normal range since 2022-09-09. Following a CT scan on 2023-07-01 that indicated mild progression of liver metastasis, paclitaxel and carboplatin were reintroduced at a reduced dosage compared to their administration (x6) in 2022 Jun to Sep. The latest lab results are generally within normal limits.
{pancreatic cancer T4N1M0 stage III}
[exam findings]
2023-08-28 MRI - pancreas
2023-08-17 EGD
2023-08-13 ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde CholangioPancreatography)
2023-05-26 MRI - pancreas
2023-02-13 MRI - pancreas
2023-02-10 PET scan
2023-01-09 T - L spine AP + Lat.
2022-12-26 ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde CholangioPancreatography)
2022-12-23 CT - abdomen
2022-12-22 Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage, PTGBD
2022-12-22 SONO - abdomen
2022-12-07 KUB
2022-12-06 ECG
2022-10-29 CT - abdomen
2022-08-23 CT - abdomen
2022-06-23 CT - abdomen
2022-05-24 KUB
2022-04-11 CT - abdomen
2022-02-21 KUB
2022-02-16 KUB
2022-01-24 ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde CholangioPancreatography)
2022-01-14 CT - liver, spleen, biliary duct, pancreas
2022-01-12 Patho - pancreas biopsy
2022-01-10 ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde CholangioPancreatography)
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy] (not completed)
NS 250mL D1 + dexamethasone 4mg + palonosetron 250ug + aprepitant 150mg PO + lorazepam 1mg[leukopenia]
The WBC count hit its lowest point in 2023 on 2023-10-26 at 1.97K/uL. The latest administration of the chemotherapy drug carboplatin took place on 2023-10-04, while the most recent radiotherapy session was on 2023-10-06. Both chemotherapy and radiotherapy can lead to leukopenia.
Granocyte (lenograstim) has been prescribed to address the leukopenia, which is an undisputed intervention measure.
[timely medication switch resolves creatinine spike]
There was an increase in serum creatinine levels in late Sep compared to earlier baseline data. The cisplatin administered on 2023-09-12 was changed to carboplatin on 2023-09-26. Currently, a decrease in creatinine levels is being observed, indicating that the change in medication appears to have been a timely decision.
After reviewing both the PharmaCloud database and the HIS5 records, no reconciliation issues were identified.
After the initiation of FOLFIRINOX + pembrolizumab in 2022-02, the CEA level had been remained in the single digits between 2022-06 and 2023-02.
Then platinum-based CCRT was initiated in early 2023-09, and there was a slight decrease in the double-digit CEA level.
Based on the lab results from 2023-09-25, both AST and ALT readings are < 2x ULN (silymarin in use), with an eGFR of 55. Therefore, there is no need for medication dose adjustment.
Our gastroenterologist prescribed a two-month supply of Nexium (esomeprazole) on 2023-08-17, however the drug is currently absent from the active medication list. Please verify whether this drug is no longer needed for the patient’s condition.
[lab data]
2023-08-03 RPR/VDRL Nonreactive
2023-08-03 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-08-03 HBsAg (Value) 0.31 S/CO
2023-08-03 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-08-03 Anti-HCV Value 0.11 S/CO
2023-08-03 HIV Ab-EIA Nonreactive
2023-08-03 Anti-HIV Value 0.09 S/CO
2023-08-03 Anti-HBc Nonreactive
2023-08-03 Anti-HBc-Value 0.11 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[radiotherapy]
[immunochemotherapy]
[withhold doxirubicin until heart problems are ruled out]
Based on the PharmaCloud database, no medication discrepancies were found.
Given that the ECG from 2023-10-24 indicated atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response, incomplete right bundle branch block, and nonspecific ST abnormality, it may be prudent to temporarily suspend the use of doxorubicin in the planned R-miniCHOP until cardiac symptoms improve.
On 2023-09-06, our endocrinologist provided a repeat prescription for Crestor (rosuvastatin), Kentamin (Vit B1, B6, B12), Sevikar (amlodipine, olmesartan), Trajenta (linagliptin), and Uformin (metformin) to manage the patient’s existing conditions, these drugs are currently in use. Since this hospital stay, blood glucose levels have consistently ranged from 120 to 200 mg/dL. There are no inconsistencies in medication.
Recent lab results indicate that the WBC count remains above 3K/uL and there is no evidence of tumor lysis syndrome. While the LDH level remains in the normal range, the B2 microglobulin level reached 3646 ng/mL in mid-Sep. There’s no need to adjust the dose of the current medications, as the patient’s kidney and liver function tests are within normal limits.
No recent lab results for LDH or beta-2-microglobulin were found in HIS5. If needed, initiate testing to establish a baseline prior to treatment.
[lab data]
2023-10-25 HBV DNA-PCR (quantitative) 143000 IU/mL
2023-10-24 Anti-HBs 0.66 mIU/mL
2023-10-24 HBsAg Reactive
2023-10-24 HBsAg (Value) 222.81 S/CO
2023-10-24 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-10-24 Anti-HCV Value 0.08 S/CO
2023-07-29 Anti-HBc Reactive
2023-07-29 Anti-HBc-Value 6.96 S/CO
2023-06-30 HLA A-high 11:01
2023-06-30 HLA A-high 33:03
2023-06-30 HLA B-high 46:01
2023-06-30 HLA B-high 58:01
2023-06-30 HLA C-high 01:02
2023-06-30 HLA C-high 03:02
2023-06-30 HLA DQ-high 02:01
2023-06-30 HLA DQ-high 03:03
2023-06-30 HLA DR-high 03:01
2023-06-30 HLA DR-high 09:01
2023-06-08 HBsAg (NM) Negative
2023-06-08 HBsAg Value (NM) 0.652
2023-06-08 Anti-HCV (NM) Negative
2023-06-08 Anti-HCV Value (NM) 0.076
2023-06-07 Aspergillus Ag Negative
2023-06-07 Aspergillus Ag Value 0.07 Ratio
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[note]
Prevention of Hepatitis B Reactivation During Immunosuppressive Therapy - 2023-10-25 - https://www.hepatitis.va.gov/hbv/reactivation-prevention.asp
| Medication Class | Agents |
|---|---|
| TACE: Trans arterial chemoembolization, HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma | Doxorubicin Epirubicin (USED in TACE for HCC) |
| B-cell depleting agents | Obinutuzumab, Ocrelizumab, Ofatumumab, Rituximab |
| Anthracycine derivatives | Doxorubicin, Epirubicin (USED in TACE for HCC) |
| TNF inhibitors | Adalimumab, Certolizumab, Etanercept, Infliximab |
| Other cytokine inhibitors and integrin inhibitors | Abatacept, Mogamulizumab, Natalizumab, Ustekinumab, Vedolizumab |
| Tyrosine kinase inhibitors | Imatinib, Nilotinib |
| Proteasome inhibitors | Bortezomib, Carfilzomib, Ixazomib |
| Traditional immunosuppressive agents | Azathioprine, 6-Mercaptopurine, Methotrexate |
| Corticosteroids | Prednisone, Prednisolone, Methylprednisone, Dexamethasone |
| Medication Class | HBsAg+, HBcAb+ | HBsAg-, HBcAb+ |
|---|---|---|
| B cell depleting agents | High risk; Use prophylaxis | High risk; Use prophylaxis |
| Anthracycine derivatives | High risk; Use prophylaxis | Moderate risk; Use prophylaxis |
| Corticosteroids ≥ 10 mg/day for ≥ 4 weeks | High risk; Use prophylaxis | Moderate risk; Use prophylaxis |
| Corticosteroids < 10 mg/day for ≥ 4 weeks | Moderate risk; Use prophylaxis | Low risk; No prophylaxis; Monitor HBsAg, HBV DNA, ALT every 3 months |
| HCC treatments: TACE, Surgical resection or Immunotherapy | High risk; Use prophylaxis | Lack of data; Use Prophylaxis |
| HCC: Local Ablation, Systemic therapies | Moderate risk; Use prophylaxis | Lack of data; Use Prophylaxis |
| TNF inhibitors | Moderate risk; Use prophylaxis | Moderate risk; Use prophylaxis |
| Other cytokine inhibitors and integrin | Moderate risk; Use prophylaxis | Moderate risk: Use prophylaxis |
| Tyrosine kinase inhibitors | Moderate risk; Use prophylaxis | Moderate risk; Use prophylaxis |
| Proteasome inhibitors | Moderate risk; Use prophylaxis | Moderate risk; Use prophylaxis |
| Traditional immunosuppressive agents | Low risk; No prophylaxis; Monitor HBV DNA, ALT every 3 months | Low risk; No prophylaxis; Monitor HBsAg, HBV DNA, ALT every 3 months |
| Intra-articular steroids | Low risk; No prophylaxis; Monitor HBV DNA, ALT every 3 months | Low risk; No prophylaxis; Monitor HBsAg, HBV DNA, ALT every 3 months |
| Corticosteroids: any dose for ≤ 1 week | Low risk; No prophylaxis; Monitor HBV DNA, ALT every 3 months | Low risk; No prophylaxis; Monitor HBsAg, HBV DNA, ALT every 3 months |
| Nucleos(t)ide Analogue | QD Dose | Potential Side Effects | Use in HIV | Lowest CrCl Without Dose Adjustment | Renal Dose Reductions (CrCl, mL/min) |
|---|
[chemotherapy]
FLAI (Fludarabine 25 mg/sqm/day days 1–5, Ara-C 2 gr/sqm/day days 1–5, Idarubicine 10 mg/sqm/day days 1, 3, 5) https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/106/11/1857/137804/Fludarabine-Based-Regimen-FLAI-Is-an-Effective https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V106.11.1857.1857
The FLAI regimen is given as follows: (2023-10-25 GBard)
The FLAI regimen is used as an induction treatment for newly diagnosed patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), except acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The regimen includes the following drugs: (2023-10-25 BingChat https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/104/11/878/75705/Efficacy-and-Toxicity-of-FLAI-vs-ICE-for-Induction https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V104.11.878.878)
FLAI Regimen Dosing and Schedule: (2023-10-25 ChatGPT)
Fludarabine, Cytarabine, and Attenuated-Dose Idarubicin (m-FLAI) 2023-10-25 https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V118.21.3626.3626
[HBV reactivation]
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) that has been reactivated is treated with the medication Baraclude (entecavir) today.
[HRP > Patient Safety Incident Notification > Medication Incident - HBV reactivation]
Patient medical record No. 700013816.
The lab results from 2023-07-29 indicated a reactive Anti-HBc, but there were no previous Anti-HBc test results for reference. Multiple chemotherapy sessions were administered on 2023-06-20 (standard 7+3), 2023-07-28, 2023-07-31, 2023-09-19, and 2023-09-23 (FLAI), both before and after this test result.
Due to the lack of timely preventive measures to counteract the potential reactivation of HBV infection, which can be triggered by the immunosuppressive effects of the treatment, reactivated hepatitis developed. As a response to this event, Baraclude (entecavir) was added to the patient’s active medication list on 2023-10-25.
2023-10-25 HBV DNA-PCR (quantative) 143000 IU/mL
2023-10-24 ALT 1986 U/L
2023-10-23 ALT 2487 U/L
2023-10-23 ALT 2645 U/L
2023-10-20 ALT 44 U/L
2023-10-17 ALT 37 U/L
2023-10-06 ALT 52 U/L
2023-10-24 AST 1635 U/L
2023-10-23 AST 3211 U/L
2023-10-23 AST 3758 U/L
2023-10-20 AST 36 U/L
2023-10-17 AST 27 U/L
2023-10-06 AST 28 U/L
2023-07-29 Anti-HBc Reactive
2023-07-29 Anti-HBc-Value 6.96 S/CO
There are multiple clinical practice guidelines that offer a approach to screening and managing hepatitis B virus (HBV). For example, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) guideline recommends that all patients who are about to start systemic anticancer therapy be tested for HBV. Patients with chronic HBV who are receiving systemic anticancer therapy should receive antiviral prophylaxis throughout the course of treatment and for at least 12 months afterwards.
Ref: Hepatitis B Virus Screening and Management for Patients With Cancer Prior to Therapy: ASCO Provisional Clinical Opinion Update. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Nov 1;38(31):3698-3715. doi: 10.1200/JCO.20.01757. Epub 2020 Jul 27. PMID: 32716741.
[tube feeding - Concor]
[assessment]
Since the start of Hydrea (hydroxyurea) treatment on 2023-06-02, there has been a noticeable reduction in the patient’s WBC count from a peak of 105K/uL. However, along with this, It is also seen a concurrent suppression of the patient’s HGB and PLT levels, despite the administration of blood transfusions on 2023-06-01 and 2023-06-05.
2023-06-06 WBC 66.82 x10^3/uL
2023-06-05 WBC 99.17 x10^3/uL
2023-06-04 WBC 105.86 x10^3/uL
2023-06-03 WBC 105.55 x10^3/uL
2023-06-02 WBC 100.28 x10^3/uL
2023-06-01 WBC 75.10 x10^3/uL
2023-06-06 HGB 7.8 g/dL
2023-06-05 HGB 7.9 g/dL
2023-06-04 HGB 6.9 g/dL
2023-06-03 HGB 7.4 g/dL
2023-06-02 HGB 7.0 g/dL
2023-06-01 HGB 6.3 g/dL
2023-06-06 PLT 44 x10^3/uL
2023-06-05 PLT 62 x10^3/uL
2023-06-04 PLT 37 x10^3/uL
2023-06-03 PLT 43 x10^3/uL
2023-06-02 PLT 47 x10^3/uL
2023-06-01 PLT 63 x10^3/uL
2023-06-06 lab Cre 2.63mg/dL, eGFR 25.72, CrCl 27. Tarcocid (teicoplanin) for CrCl <30 mL/minute:
The maintenance dose, which stands at 700mg Q3D, is equivalent to 9.5 mg/kg. This is within the reasonable therapeutic range.
[lab data]
2023-10-11 Anti-HBc Nonreactive
2023-10-11 Anti-HBc-Value 0.38 S/CO
2023-10-11 Anti-HBs 53.10 mIU/mL
2023-10-11 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-10-11 HBsAg (Value) 0.35 S/CO
2023-10-11 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-10-11 Anti-HCV Value 0.28 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[immunochemotherapy]
[tube feeding]
Const-K 750mg is an extended-release tablet that contains 10 mEq of potassium. One Const-K tablet provides less potassium than a single banana (which contains about 2.2 mEq/inch or 0.9 mEq/cm).
The tablet can be crushed into fine particles and swallowed with water if injectable potassium supplementation is not preferred.
[elevated PCT and CRP]
On 2023-10-24, lab results showed a moderate amount of gram-positive cocci bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and gram-positive rods in the (sputum) sample, as well as a high number of neutrophils and a low number of epithelial cells. PCT and CRT levels were also elevated and continued to rise over these 2 days (2023-10-24 and 2023-10-25). After consultation with an infectious disease specialist, cefepime was started on 2023-10-24 and is currently being administered.
2023-10-25 Procalcitonin(PCT) 3.67 ng/mL
2023-10-24 Procalcitonin(PCT) 0.12 ng/mL
2023-10-25 CRP 10.5 mg/dL
2023-10-24 CRP 6.7 mg/dL
G(+) Cocci 2+, GNB 2+, GPB 4+, Neutrophil/LPF > 25, Epithilial cell/LPF < 10
The patient’s white blood cell count has passed its nadir on 2023-10-23 and returned to normal. The recovery of the patient’s immune system should help them fight off bacterial infections.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
[elevated bilirubin level with high DBI to TBI ratio]
Lab bilirubin level:
2023-10-20 Bilirubin total 1.14 mg/dL
2023-10-20 Bilirubin direct 0.48 mg/dL
2023-10-20 DBI/TBI 42.11 %
2023-10-13 Bilirubin total 1.30 mg/dL
2023-10-13 Bilirubin direct 0.54 mg/dL
2023-10-13 DBI/TBI 41.54 %
The direct and total bilirubin levels on 2023-10-20 appear to be slightly lower than those on 2023-10-13. Despite this decrease, the ratio of direct bilirubin (DBI) to total bilirubin (TBI) continues to be elevated, which could typically signify issues with the liver’s capacity to secrete bilirubin into the bile or an obstruction within the bile ducts, leading to a buildup of conjugated bilirubin in the bloodstream. It’s noteworthy that oxaliplatin, a component of the FOLFOX regimen, is linked to a 13% incidence of increased serum bilirubin. However, it’s been over a month since the last FOLFOX cycle was administered during the previous hospitalization.
[hypocalcemia]
corrected calcium level for hypoalbuminemia
injectable calcium supplements with Bfluid
Two injectable calcium supplements are available from stock: Vitacal (calcium chloride, equivalent to 5.44 mEq/amp) and Calglon (calcium gluconate, equivalent to 4.65 mEq/amp).
Bfluid 1000 mL contains 5 mEq of calcium per liter and can be supplemented with a maximum of an additional 5 mEq of calcium per liter.
[leukopenia, anemia]
FOLFOX regimen was administered on 2023-08-09 and 2023-09-11, there was no observed leukopenia (WBC < 3K/uL) since 2023-08-25, however, there was still anemia (HGB < 8mg/dL) observed on 2023-09-11.
2023-09-11 WBC 3.72 x10^3/uL
2023-09-07 WBC 5.61 x10^3/uL
2023-09-04 WBC 6.04 x10^3/uL
2023-08-31 WBC 8.23 x10^3/uL
2023-08-28 WBC 22.74 x10^3/uL
2023-08-25 WBC 8.85 x10^3/uL
2023-08-23 WBC 1.87 x10^3/uL 2023-08-21 WBC 1.08 x10^3/uL
2023-08-17 WBC 2.59 x10^3/uL * 2023-08-14 WBC 1.60 x10^3/uL **
2023-08-09 WBC 3.03 x10^3/uL
2023-08-07 WBC 3.90 x10^3/uL
2023-08-01 WBC 7.93 x10^3/uL
2023-09-11 HGB 7.9 g/dL 2023-09-07 HGB 9.3 g/dL 2023-09-04 HGB 10.3 g/dL 2023-08-31 HGB 8.6 g/dL 2023-08-28 HGB 9.7 g/dL 2023-08-25 HGB 9.3 g/dL 2023-08-23 HGB 10.2 g/dL 2023-08-21 HGB 8.1 g/dL 2023-08-17 HGB 7.9 g/dL 2023-08-14 HGB 8.0 g/dL * 2023-08-09 HGB 9.1 g/dL 2023-08-07 HGB 9.6 g/dL 2023-08-01 HGB 12.4 g/dL
A blood transfusion was performed on 2023-09-11 without a problem.
[Astragalus Root]
The patient has been consistently using Astragalus Root since starting chemotherapy (2023-07-25 Onc Opd). To assess whether Astragalus Root might impact the effectiveness of chemotherapy, a literature search was conducted, and a relevant article was found: “Meta-Analysis of Astragalus-Containing Traditional Chinese Medicine Combined With Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: Efficacy and Safety to Tumor Response. Front Oncol. 2019;9:749. Published 2019 Aug 13. doi:10.3389/fonc.2019.00749”
Here is a summary of the key points from the research article:
Based on the findings of this study, there is currently no evidence to suggest that the patient should discontinue the use of Astragalus Root.
Leukopenia was observed on 2023-03-08, approximately 2 weeks after the patient received her first cycle of FLOT regimen chemotherapy, which started on 2023-02-24. The patient then received Granocyte (lenograstim 250ug) for three consecutive days (since 2023-03-08) and has not experienced any further episodes of leukopenia.
According to a study, preoperative FLOT chemotherapy appears to be safe and feasible for the treatment of resectable locally advanced gastric cancer. The FLOT regimen used in the study consisted of docetaxel (60 mg/m2), oxaliplatin (85 mg/m2), leucovorin (200 mg/m2), and 5-fluorouracil (2,600 mg/m2 as a 24 hr infusion). The study suggests that FLOT may be more effective in reducing morbidity and improving overall survival compared to initial surgery followed by chemotherapy. The patient received a reduced version of the FLOT regimen, which includes docetaxel 35mg/m2, oxaliplatin 75mg/m2, leucovorin 200mg/m2, and fluorouracil 2600mg/m2. (ref: Docetaxel, oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and 5-fluorouracil (FLOT) as preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy compared with surgery followed by chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer: a propensity score-based analysis. Cancer Manag Res. 2019;11:3009-3020. Published 2019 Apr 10. doi:10.2147/CMAR.S200883).
The dose used in this patient was lower than what is recommended in our in-hospital “Prescription Collection of Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer” protocol (dated 2022-06-21). The protocol recommends a dose of docetaxel 50 mg/m2 IV D1, oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 IV D1, and 5-FU 1200 mg/m2 IV continuous infusion (over 24 hours daily) on D1 and D2.
There is no need to adjust the dosage at this time. It is recommended to continue monitoring the patient’s blood cell counts to evaluate the response after the second cycle of treatment.
[exam findings]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[grade 3 diarrhea]
The patient experienced grade 3 diarrhea (characterized by an increase of seven or more stools per day over baseline, the patient had a total of 8 bowel movements on 2023-10-23). However, the last administration of docetaxel, known to cause diarrhea in 23% to 43% of cases (with severe cases being <=6%), occurred almost two months ago, on 2023-08-28. This timeline makes it improbable that the recent severe diarrhea was solely a result of the previous docetaxel treatment.
Currently, the patient is on both loperamide and buscopan to manage the symptoms.
Additionally, it’s important to note that the patient’s current medication, abemaciclib, can also induce diarrhea. It’s advisable to temporarily discontinue abemaciclib until the diarrhea subsides to <= grade 1, after which the medication can be cautiously reintroduced.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
2023-10-13 - docetaxel 35mg/m2 60mg NS 200mL 1hr
2023-09-23 - docetaxel 35mg/m2 60mg NS 200mL 1hr
2023-08-30 - carboplatin AUC 2 100mg D5W 2hr (Y-sited with NS 1000mL) (carboplatin QW CCRT)
2023-08-23 - carboplatin AUC 2 100mg D5W 2hr (Y-sited with NS 1000mL) (carboplatin QW CCRT)
2023-08-08 - carboplatin AUC 2 100mg D5W 2hr (Y-sited with NS 1000mL) (carboplatin QW CCRT)
2023-07-27 - carboplatin AUC 2 100mg D5W 2hr (Y-sited with NS 1000mL) (carboplatin QW CCRT)
2023-07-20 - carboplatin AUC 2 100mg D5W 2hr (Y-sited with NS 1000mL) (carboplatin QW CCRT)
2023-04-21 - topotecan 1.2mg/m2 2mg NS 40mL 0.5hr
2023-04-07 - topotecan 1.2mg/m2 2mg NS 40mL 0.5hr
2023-03-22 - topotecan 1.2mg/m2 2mg NS 40mL 0.5hr
2023-03-08 - topotecan 0.75mg/m2 1.25mg NS 40mL 0.5hr
2023-02-20 - topotecan 0.75mg/m2 1.25mg NS 40mL 0.5hr
2023-02-06 - topotecan 1.2mg/m2 2mg NS 40mL 0.5hr
2022-10-25 - paclitaxel 175mg/m2 280mg NS 250mL 3hr + carboplatin AUC 5 250mg NS 250mL 1hr
2022-10-04 - paclitaxel 175mg/m2 280mg NS 250mL 3hr + carboplatin AUC 5 240mg NS 250mL 1hr
2022-09-13 - paclitaxel 175mg/m2 280mg NS 250mL 3hr + carboplatin AUC 5 300mg NS 250mL 1hr
2022-08-01 - [liposome doxorubicin 35mg/m2 60mg D5W 250mL + carboplatin AUC 5 450mg NS 250mL] IP 90min (HIPEC)
2022-07-04 - paclitaxel 175mg/m2 290mg NS 250mL 3hr + carboplatin AUC 5 300mg NS 250mL 1hr
2022-06-13 - paclitaxel 175mg/m2 290mg NS 250mL 3hr + carboplatin AUC 5 300mg NS 250mL 1hr
2022-05-17 - paclitaxel 160mg/m2 270mg NS 250mL 3hr + carboplatin AUC 5 300mg NS 250mL 1hr
Lab data
2023-10-23 Neutrophil 80.6 %
2023-10-23 WBC 5.01 x10^3/uL
2023-10-23 HGB 7.8 g/dL
2023-10-23 PLT 295 *10^3/uL
2023-10-23 Albumin(BCG) 2.8 g/dL
2023-10-23 Creatinine 1.14 mg/dL
2023-10-23 eGFR 48.87 ml/min/1.73m^2
The patient has anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and altered renal function (calculated CrCl 44 mL/min).
If the patient is scheduled to receive the same dose of docetaxel as before, there is no need to adjust the dose for any degree of kidney dysfunction. However, anemia (and/or hypoalbuminemia with edema) may need to be treated before chemotherapy can begin.
[leukopenia]
Lab data showed leucopenia on 2023-10-05 at 2.26K/uL.
The most recent chemotherapy treatments prior to the leukopenia event were docetaxel (35mg/m2 60mg) on 2023-09-23 and carboplatin (AUC 2 100mg) on 2023-08-30, the latter as part of CCRT.
According to the updated lab data in WBC level, there is no more leukopenia occurs after the event.
The hype of WBC level after the leukopenia event might be due to Granocyte (lenograstim 250ug) x 4 days since 2023-10-05.
MgO, metformin, linagliptin, aspirin, trichlormethiazide, bisoprolol, olmesartan, rosuvastatin, and quetiapine were prescribed at NTUH on 2023-07-28 as a repeat prescription. These drugs were refilled on 2023-08-18, and with the exception of MgO, which might no longer be necessary, all the other drugs have been added to the active medication list.
[MedRec]
This patient is in the hospital to have his gastrointestinal problems examined further. He is currently taking the medications prescribed by our urologist and cardiologist on 2023-09-27, and there are no discrepancies with these drugs.
{High grade serous carcinoma FIGO stage IIIC, right ovarian cancer with peritoneal seeding s/p operation} (not completed)
[lab data]
[exam findings] (not completed)
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemoimmunotherapy] (not completed)
2023-10-19
2023-09-13
2023-08-17
2023-07-24
2023-06-29
2023-05-31
2023-04-26
2023-03-08
2023-02-03
2022-12-20
2022-11-29
2022-10-24
2022-09-12
2022-08-12
2022-07-19 - bevacizumab 7.5mg/kg 1.5hr + paclitaxel 175mg/m2 3hr + carboplatin 600mg 2hr
2022-06-27 - bevacizumab 7.5mg/kg 1.5hr + paclitaxel 175mg/m2 3hr + carboplatin 600mg 2hr
2022-06-01 - bevacizumab 7.5mg/kg 1.5hr + paclitaxel 175mg/m2 3hr + carboplatin 600mg 2hr
2022-05-04 - paclitaxel 160mg/m2 3hr + carboplatin 600mg 2hr
Ovarian Cancer Continue Including Fallopian Tube Cancer and Primary Peritoneal Cancer, NCCN Evidence Blocks, Version 1.2022 - January 18, 2022, p42,43
Lab results 2022-07-19 indicated liver and kidney function, CBC, WBC DC, electrolytes were grossly normal. TPR, PB during this hospitalization is relatively stable.
No BRCA1/2 lab results were found. Patients with BRCA1/2-mutated clear cell carcinoma or carcinosarcoma may benefit from maintenance therapy with PARPi (poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitor) if CR or PR is achieved after primary treatment with surgery and platinum-based first-line therapy
[exam findings] (not completed)
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
[reconciliation]
According to the PharmaCloud database, there’s no discrepancy between the previously prescribed medications.
The patient was diagnosed with BUL cancer, specifically adenocarcinoma, with metastases to both lung hila and bilateral mediastinal lymph nodes. Treatment was started on 2021-06-15 with Iressa (gefitinib) for two weeks before switching to Vizimpro (dacomitinib) from 2021-06-29.
The chest CT of 2023-09-11 showed significant disease progression in the LUL, while the RUL tumor remained stable compared to the previous CT of 2023-01-05. This may indicate disease heterogeneity and potential development of resistance in certain aspects of the disease after more than 2 years of use of Vizimpro.
{pancreatic head cancer}
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
Modified FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer 2023-05-19 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=ONC%2F109546
FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy for metastatic pancreatic cancer 2023-05-19 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=ONC%2F79571
[reconciliation]
The patient is currently taking the following medications, as prescribed by their urologist and endocrinologist on 2023-08-28:
There are no discrepancies noted in the patient’s medication list.
[CA199 goes up]
Please note that CA19-9 levels have been monotonically increasing in recent months. This might suggest that the disease has a tendency to gradually gain resistance.
The medications Betmiga (mirabegron) and Harnalidge (tamsulosin) and Oxbu ER (oxybutynin) prescribed by our urologist, along with Trajenta (linagliptin) prescribed by our endocrinologist on 2023-08-28, are currently being taken by the patient with no discrepancies noted.
Our endocrinologist’s repeat prescription (issued on 2023-06-05) for Trajenta (linagliptin) is currently on the active medication list, and there are no discrepancies noted.
The patient recently refilled his prescription for Trajenta (linagliptin) on 2023-07-10 for managing his T2DM. This drug is accurately included in the active medication list, with no reconciliation issues identified.
According to the PharmaCloud database, all of this patient’s medical requirements have been addressed at our hospital over the past three months. As a result, no issues with medication reconciliation have been detected.
The patient’s DM is currently managed with Trajenta (linagliptin 5mg) 1# QD. He had an increased preprandial serum glucose level of 170mg/dL on 2023-06-20 at 06:24. The most recent HbA1c level was 5.7% on 2023-05-31. This sudden rise could be a temporary fluctuation and is worth continuous monitoring.
It was noted that the blood sugar level did not exceed 180 mg/dL, which was an improvement over the prior hospital stay.
Renal sonography (2022-09-24) found bilateral renal stones, and calcium oxalate crystals in urine (2023-02-01). Primary hyperoxalurias are rare inborn errors of glyoxylate metabolism characterized by the overproduction of oxalate, which is poorly soluble and is deposited as calcium oxalate in various organs. The kidney stones in this patient should be less likely to be associated with primary hyperoxaluria.
[lab data]
2023-07-31 Anti-HBc (NM) Positive
2023-07-31 Anti-HBc Value (NM) 0.636
2023-07-31 Anti-HBs (NM) Positive
2023-07-31 Anti-HBs value (NM) 677.000 mIU/mL
2023-07-31 Anti-HCV (NM) Negative
2023-07-31 Anti-HCV Value (NM) 0.043
2023-07-25 HBsAg (NM) Negative
2023-07-25 HBsAg Value (NM) 0.418
2023-07-25 CA-199 (NM) 354.780 U/ml
2023-07-25 CEA (NM) 31.940 ng/ml
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[liver function]
The patient experienced a transient elevation in liver function test readings in mid-Sep, with peak values of 106 U/L for AST, 225 U/L for ALT, and 1.06 mg/dL for total bilirubin on 2023-09-18. However, the liver function test abnormalities have resolved, and there is no evidence of sustained liver injury at present.
2023-10-17 AST 33 U/L
2023-10-05 AST 21 U/L
2023-09-25 AST 45 U/L
2023-09-22 S-GOT/AST 51 U/L
2023-09-18 S-GOT/AST 106 U/L
2023-09-14 S-GOT/AST 96 U/L
2023-09-07 S-GOT/AST 31 U/L
2023-08-25 S-GOT/AST 21 U/L
2023-08-09 S-GOT/AST 29 U/L
2023-07-20 S-GOT/AST 15 U/L
2023-10-17 ALT 41 U/L
2023-10-05 ALT 25 U/L
2023-09-25 ALT 86 U/L
2023-09-22 S-GPT/ALT 110 U/L
2023-09-18 S-GPT/ALT 225 U/L
2023-09-14 S-GPT/ALT 136 U/L
2023-09-07 S-GPT/ALT 40 U/L
2023-08-25 S-GPT/ALT 17 U/L
2023-08-22 S-GPT/ALT 17 U/L
2023-08-09 S-GPT/ALT 13 U/L
2023-07-20 S-GPT/ALT 11 U/L
2023-10-17 Bilirubin total 0.61 mg/dL
2023-10-05 Bilirubin total 0.44 mg/dL
2023-09-25 Bilirubin total 0.50 mg/dL
2023-09-22 Bilirubin total 0.68 mg/dL
2023-09-18 Bilirubin total 1.06 mg/dL
2023-09-14 Bilirubin total 0.74 mg/dL
2023-09-07 Bilirubin total 0.68 mg/dL
2023-08-25 Bilirubin total 0.50 mg/dL
2023-08-22 Bilirubin total 0.40 mg/dL
2023-08-09 Bilirubin total 0.87 mg/dL
2023-07-20 Bilirubin total 1.25 mg/dL
The patient received 4 cycles of FOLFOX chemotherapy, administered on 2023-08-09, 2023-08-24, 2023-09-25, and 2023-10-17. Oxaliplatin, a drug used in FOLFOX, is associated with increased serum alanine aminotransferase (36%), increased serum alkaline phosphatase (42%), increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (54%), and increased serum bilirubin (13%). It is possible that oxaliplatin caused the elevated liver function test results in this patient.
In mid-Sep, the patient was prescribed BaoGan (silymarin), a herbal supplement that is thought to protect the liver, to mitigate the risk of liver damage.
In addition, FOLFIRI, an alternative chemotherapy regimen that contains irinotecan, is also associated with increased serum bilirubin (84%) and increased serum alkaline phosphatase (13%).
[RAS mutation detected]
Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) who have an RAS mutation (2023-08-11 Lab result, NRAS mutation detected) are less likely to respond to targeted therapies that target EGFR. This is because NRAS mutations can activate the RAS-MAPK pathway downstream of EGFR, making the tumor resistant to anti-EGFR therapies.
The following targeted therapies are less likely to be effective in the setting of CRC with an NRAS mutation:
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[leukopenia]
Based on the HIS5 lab data, a leukopenia event was recorded on 2023-10-13 with a count of 1.83K/uL (marked with an asterisk in the following table). The most recent chemotherapy administered was 500mg of fulvestrant on the same day, very close in time to the WBC data collection, leaving open the possibility that the actual medication administration occurred after the blood sample was taken. Moreover, according to UpToDate, the occurrence of neutropenia (2%; grade 3: 1%; grade 4: <1%) is relatively low compared to other chemotherapy drugs. For these two reasons, it’s less likely that this drug was the main contributor to the neutropenia observed on 2023-10-13.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
The current FOLFOX regimen was initiated on 2023-04-18, during which time multiple leukopenia events occurred (indicated in the table below with “**” for WBC < 2K/uL and “*” for WBC < 3K/uL). Since July, the regimen has eliminated the 5-FU bolus and reduced oxaliplatin from 85 mg/m2 to 75 mg/m2. Since these adjustments, there has only been one case of WBC < 2K/uL on 2023-10-05, primarily due to the intermittent administration of Granocyte (lenograstim) based on the patient’s condition. The most recent lab data (2023-10-12) showed a WBC of 4.15K/uL, indicating no current evidence of leukopenia.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
After reviewing the PharmaCloud database and the hospital’s HIS5 records, no medication reconciliation issues were identified.
The patient received a 28-day refill of rabeprazole on 2023-08-10. While the active medication list does not show any current use of PPIs, Stogamet (cimetidine) is being used. Therefore, there are no medication reconciliation concerns.
There are no medication reconciliation issues identified after reviewing the PharmaCloud database and HIS5 records.
[lab data]
2023-07-17 CMV viral load assay 6060 IU/mL
2023-07-07 CMV viral load assay 331 IU/mL
2023-04-25 MTBC PCR DETECTED CFU/ml
2023-04-25 MTBC PCR Value 10000 - 100000 CFU/ml
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
After reviewing the PharmaCloud database and the hospital’s HIS5 records, no medication reconciliation issues were identified.
[tube feeding]
As the adsorbent properties of this product may interfere with the rates and/or levels of absorption of other substances, it is recommended not to administer any other drugs at the same time as SMECTA. ref: https://www1.ndmctsgh.edu.tw/pharm/pic/medinsert/005SME01E.pdf
[hyperbilirubinemia follow-up]
2023-09-04 Bilirubin total 1.55 mg/dL
2023-08-11 Bilirubin total 1.61 mg/dL
2023-08-07 Bilirubin total 2.16 mg/dL
2023-07-17 Bilirubin total 1.43 mg/dL
2023-07-12 Bilirubin total 2.04 mg/dL
2023-07-10 Bilirubin total 2.98 mg/dL
2023-09-04 Bilirubin direct 0.74 mg/dL
2023-08-11 Bilirubin direct 0.64 mg/dL
2023-08-07 Bilirubin direct 1.03 mg/dL
2023-07-17 Bilirubin direct 0.59 mg/dL
2023-07-12 Bilirubin direct 1.06 mg/dL
2023-07-10 Bilirubin direct 1.61 mg/dL
At present, the patient’s bilirubin levels are lower than what was observed in mid-July, even after resuming AKruiT-4 on 2023-08-04.
It’s worth noting that AKruiT-4 is being administered alongside Smecta, which is not advisable. Smecta has the potential to alter the rate or level of AKruiT-4 absorption.
[optional addition of Genurso for hyperbilirubinemia]
The addition of Genurso (ursodeoxycholic acid 100mg) #1 or #2 TID might be considered to help alleviate the patient’s hyperbilirubinemia. ref: Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Induced Liver Injury and Ursodeoxycholic Acid. Journal of Tuberculosis Research, Vol.8 No.2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.4236/jtr.2020.82007
[approach to hepatotoxicity caused by antituberculous drugs]
AKuriT-4 was ceased on 2023-07-10, with bilirubin levels subsequently falling, though they still remain above twice the upper limit of normal (ULN).
As per the “Approach to hepatotoxicity caused by first-line antituberculous drugs in adults” from UpToDate (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=ID%2F109447), when the bilirubin level is less than 2mg/dL and the enzyme levels are less than twice the upper limit of normal, either a regimen made up of liver-sparing drugs (like ethambutol, a fluoroquinolone or linezolid) may be considered or the gradual reintroduction of first-line agents may be done.
Another study released in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2021 titled “Four-Month Rifapentine Regimens with or without Moxifloxacin for Tuberculosis” deduced that the effectiveness of a four-month regimen based on rifapentine, with or without moxifloxacin, was not inferior to the standard six-month regimen in the treatment of tuberculosis. The manufacturer’s guidelines for rifapentine do not include suggestions for dose adjustments in patients with hepatic impairment. It is believed that the pharmacokinetics of rifapentine in patients with varying degrees of hepatic impairment are similar to those in healthy volunteers.
[following up on bilirubin and albumin levels]
[AKuriT-4 follow-up]
{not completed}
[exam findings]
2023-10-06 SONO - abdomen
2023-10-05 Abdomen - standing (diaphragm)
2023-10-02 Percutaneous Gall Bladder Drainage, PTGBD
2023-10-02 CT - abdomen
2023-10-02 ECG
2023-06-24 CT - abdomen
2023-03-30 Patho - pancreas biopsy
2023-03-30 Patho - liver biopsy needle/wedge
2023-03-28 Patho - liver biopsy needle/wedge
2023-03-17 CT - abdomen
2022-11-09 ENT SONO - head and neck soft tissue
2021-02-03 ENT SONO - head and neck soft tissue
2021-01-27 ENT Hearing Test
2018-03-19 Pure Tone Audiometry
[MedRec]
[Consultation]
[chemotherapy]
[note]
gemcitabine 2023-04-11 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/gemcitabine-drug-information
The patient’s body weight was recorded as 33.7kg on 2023-10-09. It may be prudent to monitor for potential adverse reactions as administering standard doses to underweight individuals may increase the risk of side effects.
{Neuroendocrine carcinoma}
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surigcal operation]
[chemotherapy]
According to the PharmaCloud database, there are no recent records of the patient seeking services from other medical facilities. In addition, Pentop (pentoxifylline) prescribed by our nephrologist on 2023-09-12 is currently being used without any discrepancies noted.
The 5FU bolus was omitted from the FOLFOX regimen during this hospital stay due to a reduced WBC count, recorded at 3.08K/uL on 2023-10-12.
According to PharmaCloud, there are no records of this patient seeking medical care at other facilities in the past three months. Our nephrologist has issued a repeat prescription for Pentop (pentoxifylline) to manage his CKD, and the medication is currently being used with no discrepancies identified.
[reconciliation]
On 2023-07-07, the patient renewed prescriptions for bisoprolol and valsartan. Currently, only bisoprolol is listed as an active medication, and valsartan has not been included. As the patient’s blood pressure has consistently remained within the normal range during this hospital stay, there may not be an immediate need to reintroduce valsartan. Nevertheless, it is crucial to continue monitoring the patient’s blood pressure to assess if any further adjustments to the medication regimen are necessary.
[renal function follow-up]
This month (July), compared to previous months, the serum creatinine has returned to the normal range, and currently, no medications require renal dosage adjustment.
[thrombocytopenia]
Since starting topotecan on 2023-05-12, the patient has experienced several episodes of thrombocytopenia. Blood transfusions were administered on 2023-06-14, 2023-06-28, and 2023-07-27 in response to these events. In addition, the dosage of topotecan was sequentially reduced from 2.5 mg to 2.0 mg and then to 1.8 mg. Despite these measures, thrombocytopenia has been observed to date, but no PLT less than 50K/uL has been observed.
2023-07-25 PLT 90 10^3/uL
2023-07-11 PLT 94 10^3/uL
2023-06-28 PLT 474 10^3/uL
2023-06-20 PLT 89 10^3/uL
2023-06-12 PLT 390 10^3/uL
2023-06-01 PLT 95 10^3/uL
2023-05-25 PLT 15 10^3/uL
2023-05-10 PLT 283 10^3/uL
2023-04-27 PLT 244 *10^3/uL
[reconciliation]
The patient recently renewed his prescriptions for bisoprolol and valsartan on 2023-07-07. Currently, only bisoprolol is incorporated into the active medication list, while valsartan has been left out. Given that the patient’s blood pressure measurements have consistently fallen within the normal spectrum during this hospital stay, reintroduction of valsartan may not be mandatory at this point. However, it remains important to continually monitor the patient’s blood pressure to establish whether further alterations in his medication regimen are warranted.
[reconciliation]
[thrombocytopenia]
This patient initiated topotecan therapy on 2023-05-12, with two additional cycles administered on 2023-06-06 and 2023-06-28. The platelet levels are compiled in the following table, where “*” represents PLT < 100K/uL and “**” represents PLT < 50K/uL.
Intravenous Topotecan is linked with a considerable incidence of thrombocytopenia. As per UpToDate, Grade 4 thrombocytopenia occurs in 27% to 29% of patients. The lowest point (nadir) typically occurs around day 15, and the duration of the thrombocytopenia typically lasts for 3 to 5 days.
The dose of topotecan was reduced from 2.5g to 2.0g starting from the second cycle and was further reduced to 1.8g for the last three days of the five-day administration period. This was a strategy intended to prevent further thrombocytopenia in the patient. In addition, blood transfusions were conducted on 2023-06-14 and 2023-06-28 to alleviate the impact of this side effect.
Currently, the patient’s platelet count (PLT) is slightly above the ULN. Although there are no current signs of thrombocytopenia, it remains critical for the healthcare team to regularly monitor the patient’s CBC as is standard procedure.
[reconciliation]
[assessment]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[reconciliation]
The patient was prescribed a 28-day course of Concor (bisoprolol) and Livalo (pitavastatin) at Taipei City Hospital on 2023-09-27. While the former is currently being administered, the latter does not appear on the list of active medications. Please verify that the use of pitavastatin is no longer necessary.
[hypercalcemia]
Observed hypercalcemia warrants an evaluation of the PTH level to assess the likelihood of hyperparathyroidism.
Recommended Actions:
If the initial interventions are ineffective, the following alternatives could be contemplated:
[pancytopenia]
Pancytopenia was noted in mid-Sep, likely attributed to the initiation of the doxorubicin + ifosfamide regimen on 2023-09-05, approximately 10 days after its commencement. Following treatment with a blood transfusion on 2023-09-18, and the initiation of a consecutive 5-day course of Granocyte (lenograstim) on the same day, pancytopenia has shown successful improvement.
2023-09-20 WBC 3.63 x10^3/uL
2023-09-18 WBC 0.20 x10^3/uL 2023-09-15 WBC 0.66 x10^3/uL
2023-09-11 WBC 8.43 x10^3/uL
2023-09-01 WBC 8.80 x10^3/uL
2023-09-20 HGB 10.3 g/dL 2023-09-18 HGB 7.4 g/dL ** 2023-09-15 HGB 9.4 g/dL * 2023-09-11 HGB 10.9 g/dL 2023-09-01 HGB 13.2 g/dL
2023-09-20 PLT 138 10^3/uL 2023-09-18 PLT 25 *10^3/uL ** 2023-09-15 PLT 65 *10^3/uL ** 2023-09-11 PLT 141 10^3/uL 2023-09-01 PLT 259 *10^3/uL
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
G-CSF
There were no medication reconciliation issues when reviewing PharmaCloud and HIS5 records.
[Leukemia has been managed more effectively]
Leukopenia has become less severe and less frequent following the intermittent administration of prophylactic/therapeutic Granocyte (lenograstim) in accordance with chemotherapy cycles. This approach has improved the management of this side effect.
[reconciliation]
Currently, the patient’s medication records are not accessible on PharmaCloud. However, after reviewing the HIS5 records, no medication reconciliation issues were found.
[leukopenia]
At this time, the patient is not experiencing severe leukopenia. Any leukopenia events that have occurred since the start of the [bevacizumab paclitaxel cisplatin] regimen on 2023-05-26 have been treated with G-CSF administrations without reducing the dose of paclitaxel or cisplatin.
Based on the PharmaCloud database, this patient has exclusively attended our hospital for outpatient and inpatient services across the departments of urology, obstetrics and gynecology, radiation-oncology, and hemato-oncology in the past three months. No issues were found during medication reconciliation.
[reconciliation]
[more intensive hydration]
[leukopenia]
This patient last received paclitaxel and cisplatin on 2023-05-15 and a WBC nadir of 1.16K/uL was noted on 2023-05-25. Paclitaxel carries a Boxed Warning regarding bone marrow suppression and recommends frequent peripheral blood cell counts for all patients receiving the drug. Granocyte (lenograstim 250ug) was administered for three consecutive days starting on 2023-05-25.
According to the reimbursement guidelines of the Taiwan National Health Insurance, the use of G-CSF is allowed for patients with non-hematologic malignancies who have a WBC count of less than 1000/uL or an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of less than 500/uL after chemotherapy. This patient meets the specified criteria (neutrophil 14.7%), so G-CSF can be prescribed to manage leukopenia following this round of chemotherapy.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[immunochemotherapy]
Based on the PharmaCloud database, the patient has no records of visiting other clinics. Additionally, after consultations in our medical departments, no repeat prescriptions were issued, and no medication discrepancies were identified.
On 2023-09-13, a CT scan indicated a partial response after the patient underwent 4 treatment cycles (1 R-COP followed by 3 R-CHOP). The treatment appears to remain effective to date.
[lab data]
2023-02-14 Anti-HBc Nonreactive
2023-02-14 Anti-HBc-Value 0.14 S/CO
2023-02-14 Anti-HBs 0.00 mIU/mL
2023-02-14 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-02-14 Anti-HCV Value 0.06 S/CO
2023-02-14 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-02-14 HBsAg (Value) 0.33 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
There was no medication reconciliation issue identifed.
Leukopenia (WBC 1.16K/uL) was noted on 2023-09-07, approximately 2 weeks after the patient received the paclitaxel + carboplatin regimen on 2023-08-24. With Granocyte (lenograstim) administered for 3 days in early Sep, 4 days in mid-Sep, and 4 days in late Sep, the WBC finally reached above 3K/uL. Close monitoring of the WBC count may be necessary at this time.
2023-10-04 WBC 3.15 x10^3/uL 2023-09-28 WBC 2.66 x10^3/uL 2023-09-13 WBC 3.33 x10^3/uL 2023-09-07 WBC 1.16 x10^3/uL * 2023-08-23 WBC 3.41 x10^3/uL
After examining both PharmaCloud and HIS5 records, no medication discrepancies were found.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemmotherapy]
[the possibility of fever associated with the drugs being used]
Based on UpToDate database, it’s noted that Tapimycin (piperacillin, tazobactam) and Ulstop (famotidine), which the patient is currently taking, have been reported to be associated with fever as an adverse reaction. The incidence rate for the former is 2%, while for the latter, it is less than 1%.
[Dipeptiven dosage and administration]
(Dipeptiven ref: https://www.fresenius-kabi.com/nz/documents/Dipeptiven_Datasheet.pdf)
Dipeptiven 100 mL (alanyl glutamine 20g) can be diluted with NS 250-1000 mL. After dilution, it can be stored at room temperature for 24 hours.
A maximum daily dosage of 2 g amino acids/or protein per kg bodyweight should not be exceeded in parenteral/enteral nutrition. The supply of alanine and glutamine via Dipeptiven should be taken into consideration in the calculation. The proportion of the amino acids supplied through Dipeptiven should not exceed approx. 30% of the total amino acids/protein supply.
If the patient is still on port-A, based on his body weight of about 70kg, IV infusion is recommended not less than 3 hours (20g / (0.1g/kg/hr x 70kg)), 4 to 6 hours would be even better.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
The repeat prescription for Exforge (amlodipine, valsartan), Concor (bisoprolol), and Through (sennoside) was issued by our cardiologist on 2023-08-24, and the patient refilled these medications on 2023-09-11. The medications are currently in use with no discrepancies found.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
Most of the medications prescribed by our rheumatologist are immunomodulators and primarily immunosuppressive. As the patient is currently undergoing chemotherapy, it is advisable to monitor any changes in immune function or rheumatoid arthritis symptoms.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemoimmunotherapy] (not completed)
2023-09-05 - irinotecan 180mg/m2 200mg D5W 250mL 90min + leucovorin 400mg/m2 480mg NS 250mL 2hr + fluorouracil 2400mg/m2 2850mg 46hr (FOLFIRI Q2W, 20% off)
2023-08-15 - FOLFIRI
2023-07-17 - FOLFIRI
2023-07-03 - FOLFIRI
2023-06-01 - FOLFIRI
2022-03-08 ~ 2023-01-13 - FOLFOX
2021-02-01 ~ 2021-07-27 - FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab
2021-01-18 - FOLFIRI
2014-04-03 ~ 2014-10-07 - PF, post CCRT adjuvant, 12 cycles
2014-02-10 ~ 2014-03-13 - 5-Fu based
Vemlidy (tenofovir alafenamide 25mg) 1# QD prescribed by our gastroenterologist on 2023-09-30 is currently in use. No medication discrepancy was found.
Please note that both tumor markers CA-199 and CEA have started to show a slight upward trend after bottoming out in August. This may indicate a change in the balance of the treatment and the disease.
2023-09-22 CA-199 (NM) 1277.40 U/ml 2023-08-25 CA-199 (NM) 1125.26 U/ml 2023-08-18 CA-199 (NM) 743.66 U/ml 2023-08-01 CA-199 (NM) 931.32 U/ml 2023-07-18 CA-199 (NM) 1470.34 U/ml 2023-06-20 CA-199 (NM) 867.59 U/ml
2023-09-22 CEA (NM) 96.979 ng/ml 2023-08-25 CEA (NM) 87.270 ng/ml 2023-08-18 CEA (NM) 81.753 ng/ml 2023-08-01 CEA (NM) 61.346 ng/ml 2023-07-18 CEA (NM) 98.554 ng/ml 2023-06-20 CEA (NM) 66.050 ng/ml 2023-04-25 CEA (NM) 47.692 ng/ml 2023-01-18 CEA (NM) 5.127 ng/ml 2022-10-28 CEA (NM) 5.562 ng/ml
No medication reconciliation issues were identified after reviewing the PharmaCloud database and hospital HIS5 records.
After reviewing the PharmaCloud database and in-hospital HIS5 records, no medication reconciliation issues were found.
[MedRec]
This patient has been receiving treatment at the Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center in the past. The only prescription medication from that center that is still valid to date is Megest Oral Suspension (megestrol acetate). This drug is not currently included in the active medication list. If the patient continues to experience cachexia or poor appetite, it is advisable to reintroduce this medication.
[exam findings]
[consultation]
[SOAP]
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
The recently refilled repeat prescription for Vemlidy (tenofovir alafenamide) on 2023-07-05 is being utilized without any reconciliation issues detected.
On 2023-03-24, a Port-A was inserted for the patient who previously refused chemotherapy.
All the oral/inhaled medications in the active prescription are appropriate for his respiratory symptoms, including Sodicon (dextromethorphan), Butanyl (terbutaline), and Ipratran (ipratropium bromide).
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[leukopenia]
2023-09-28 WBC 5.63 x10^3/uL 2023-09-21 WBC 1.66 x10^3/uL * 2023-09-13 WBC 4.32 x10^3/uL 2023-09-05 WBC 5.12 x10^3/uL
The leukopenia observed on 2023-09-21 at 1.66K/uL occurred approximately 2 weeks after her first administration of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide. Granocyte (lenograstim 250ug) was administered for 3 consecutive days beginning on 2023-09-21.
The second dose of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide was administered on 2023-10-02 and prophylactic G-CSF was considered and prescribed in advance for 2023-10-09 to 2023-10-11 during the double tenth consecutive holidays. Leukopenia is expected to be less severe this time.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[tube feeding]
Concor 5mg — Please use the Simple Suspension Method (SSM) to place the tablet in warm drinking water and leave for 5-10 minutes, possibly stirring or gently shaking the container, until the tablet is dissolved, then can be passed through a feeding tube. This method involves dissolving tablets and capsules in warm water before suspending them for administration. This method could be used to administer Concor tablets through a feeding tube.
Const-K 750mg — The potassium content in fruits is relatively low, such as only about 2.2 mEq/inch or 0.9 mEq/cm in bananas. This means that consuming about two to three bananas is required to provide 40 mEq. Const-K is a type of extended-release tablet that contains 10 mEq/tab. One Const-K tablet provides less potassium than a single banana. If injectable potassium supplementation is not preferred, the tablet should be crushed into fine particles and taken with water.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
2023-12-08 - trastuzumab 6mg/kg 400mg NS 250mL 90min (maintenance dose)
2023-11-18 - trastuzumab 6mg/kg 400mg NS 250mL 90min (maintenance dose)
2023-10-23 - docetaxel 75mg/m2 120mg NS 250mL 1hr + trastuzumab 6mg/kg 400mg NS 250mL 90min (maintenance dose)
2023-10-02 - docetaxel 75mg/m2 120mg NS 250mL 1hr + trastuzumab 6mg/kg 395mg NS 250mL 90min (maintenance dose)
2023-09-08 - docetaxel 75mg/m2 120mg NS 250mL 1hr + trastuzumab 6mg/kg 389mg NS 250mL 90min (maintenance dose)
2023-08-18 - docetaxel 75mg/m2 120mg NS 250mL 1hr + trastuzumab 8mg/kg 514mg NS 250mL 90min (loading dose)
2023-07-28 - liposome doxorubicin 30mg/m2 50mg D5W 250mL 2hr + cyclophosphamide 600mg/m2 1000mg NS 500mL 1hr
2023-06-30 - liposome doxorubicin 30mg/m2 49mg D5W 250mL 2hr + cyclophosphamide 600mg/m2 986mg NS 500mL 1hr
2023-06-09 - liposome doxorubicin 30mg/m2 50mg D5W 250mL 2hr + cyclophosphamide 600mg/m2 990mg NS 500mL 1hr
2023-05-19 - liposome doxorubicin 30mg/m2 50mg D5W 250mL 2hr + cyclophosphamide 600mg/m2 1000mg NS 500mL 1hr
This patient has received six doses of Ogivri (trastuzumab) on the following dates: 2023-12-08, 2023-11-18, 2023-10-23, 2023-10-02, 2023-09-08, and 2023-08-18. The initial four doses were administered in combination with docetaxel. The patient reported skin symptoms approximately two weeks after the fifth dose of trastuzumab (2023-11-18), suggesting a possible link to trastuzumab.
Trastuzumab is known to potentially cause dermatologic adverse reactions, including skin rash (4% to 18%), acne vulgaris (2%), nail disease (2%), and pruritus (2%).
The discharged medications include those recommended by our dermatologist; it is advised to continue monitoring for changes in symptoms.
[glutathione - peripheral neuropathy]
Additionally, the pre-chemotherapy medications on 2023-10-02 and 2023-10-23 included glutathione. The 2020 ASCO systematic review of neuroprotectants for prevention of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) concluded that glutathione should not be offered for prevention of CIPN to patients receiving treatment with paclitaxel plus carboplatin, and that N-acetyl cysteine should not be offered to patients receiving potentially neurotoxic chemotherapy [1]. This position was also taken in the 2020 joint ESMO/EONS/EANO guidelines [2].
[1] Prevention and Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Survivors of Adult Cancers: ASCO Guideline Update. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:3325. [2] Systemic anticancer therapy-induced peripheral and central neurotoxicity: ESMO-EONS-EANO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, prevention, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2020; 31:1306.
[diarrhea]
Both docetaxel and trustuzumab have been reported to be associated with diarrhea (23% to 43% and severe diarrhea <= 6% for the former and 7% to 25% for the latter).
In the event of diarrhea, it is recommended that loperamide (2 mg/cap) be used with an initial 2# followed by 1# every 2 to 4 hours or after each loose stool; for diarrhea persisting > 24 hours, administer 1# every 2 hours (or 2# every 4 hours). Continue until 12 hours have passed without loose stools. Doses > 8# per day may not provide benefit; consider alternative therapy if diarrhea persists >= 48 hours.
[leukopenia]
2023-10-02 WBC 6.23 x10^3/uL 2023-09-14 WBC 1.56 x10^3/uL 2023-09-08 WBC 6.62 x10^3/uL 2023-09-01 WBC 14.67 x10^3/uL 2023-08-25 WBC 1.67 x10^3/uL 2023-08-18 WBC 5.34 x10^3/uL 2023-07-28 WBC 7.35 x10^3/uL 2023-06-30 WBC 6.00 x10^3/uL 2023-06-09 WBC 6.17 x10^3/uL 2023-05-26 WBC 7.59 x10^3/uL 2023-05-12 WBC 11.26 x10^3/uL 2023-04-18 WBC 8.85 x10^3/uL
Leukopenia was observed on 2023-09-14 and 2023-08-25, approximately 1 week after the administration of docetaxel + trastuzumab (on 2023-09-08 and 2023-08-18), prophylactic G-CSF might be considered.
[G-CSF administration timing]
G-CSF is usually started no earlier than 24 hours after administration of chemotherapy. Continuation until the absolute neutrophil count following the nadir exceeds 10,000/microL, as specified in the G-CSF package insert, is known to be safe and effective. However, a shorter duration that is sufficient to achieve clinically adequate neutrophil recovery is a reasonable alternative, considering issues of patient convenience and cost. G-CSF should not be given in the day or days prior to the next cycle of chemotherapy, or on the same day as chemotherapy or radiation therapy is administered. Ref:
[exam findings]
[chemotherapy]
2023-09-28 - paclitaxel 135mg/m2 210mg NS 250mL 24hr D1 + cisplatin 75mg/m2 100mg NS 500mL D2
2023-09-07 - paclitaxel 60mg/m2 90mg NS 250mL 1hr IP (D8)
2023-08-31 - paclitaxel 135mg/m2 210mg NS 250mL 24hr D1 + cisplatin 75mg/m2 100mg NS 500mL D2
2023-08-11 - paclitaxel 60mg/m2 90mg NS 250mL 1hr IP (D8)
2023-08-04 - paclitaxel 135mg/m2 210mg NS 250mL 24hr D1 + cisplatin 75mg/m2 100mg NS 500mL D2
2023-07-14 - paclitaxel 60mg/m2 90mg NS 250mL 1hr IP (D8)
2023-07-10 - paclitaxel 135mg/m2 210mg NS 250mL 24hr D1 + cisplatin 75mg/m2 100mg NS 500mL D2
2023-06-23 - paclitaxel 60mg/m2 90mg NS 250mL 1hr IP (D8)
2023-06-16 - paclitaxel 135mg/m2 210mg NS 250mL 24hr D1 + cisplatin 75mg/m2 100mg NS 500mL D2
2023-05-29 - paclitaxel 60mg/m2 90mg NS 250mL 1hr IP (D8)
2023-05-22 - paclitaxel 135mg/m2 210mg NS 250mL 24hr D1 + cisplatin 75mg/m2 100mg NS 500mL D2
2023-04-19 - [liposome doxorubicin 30mg/m2 50mg D5W 100mL + carboplatin AUC 5 675mg NS 250mL] 90min IP (HIPEC)
2022-07-25 - bevacizumab 7.5mg/kg 400mg NS 250mL 1.5hr
2022-07-01 - bevacizumab 7.5mg/kg 400mg NS 250mL 1.5hr
2022-06-10 - bevacizumab 7.5mg/kg 400mg NS 250mL 1.5hr
2022-05-17 - bevacizumab 7.5mg/kg 400mg NS 250mL 1.5hr
2022-04-21 - bevacizumab 7.5mg/kg 400mg NS 250mL 1.5hr
2022-03-31 - bevacizumab 7.5mg/kg 400mg NS 250mL 1.5hr
2022-03-11 - bevacizumab 7.5mg/kg 400mg NS 250mL 1.5hr
2022-02-16 - bevacizumab 7.5mg/kg 400mg NS 250mL 1.5hr
2022-01-26 - bevacizumab 7.5mg/kg 400mg NS 250mL 1.5hr
2022-01-05 - bevacizumab 7.5mg/kg 400mg NS 250mL 1.5hr
2021-12-15 - bevacizumab 7.5mg/kg 400mg NS 250mL 1.5hr
2021-11-24 - bevacizumab 7.5mg/kg 400mg NS 250mL 1.5hr
2021-10-04 - bevacizumab 7.5mg/kg 400mg NS 250mL 1.5hr
2021-09-10 - bevacizumab 7.5mg/kg 400mg NS 250mL 1.5hr + docetaxel 75mg/m2 120mg NS 250mL 1hr + carboplatin AUC 5 600mg NS 500mL 2hr
2021-08-18 - bevacizumab 7.5mg/kg 400mg NS 250mL 1.5hr + docetaxel 75mg/m2 120mg NS 250mL 1hr + carboplatin AUC 5 600mg NS 500mL 2hr
2021-07-29 - bevacizumab 7.5mg/kg 400mg NS 250mL 1.5hr + docetaxel 75mg/m2 120mg NS 250mL 1hr + carboplatin AUC 5 600mg NS 500mL 2hr
2021-07-02 - bevacizumab 7.5mg/kg 400mg NS 250mL 1.5hr + docetaxel 75mg/m2 120mg NS 250mL 1hr + carboplatin AUC 5 600mg NS 500mL 2hr
2021-05-31 - bevacizumab 7.5mg/kg 400mg NS 250mL 1.5hr + docetaxel 75mg/m2 120mg NS 250mL 1hr + carboplatin AUC 5 600mg NS 500mL 2hr
2021-04-27 - docetaxel 60mg/m2 95mg NS 250mL 1hr + carboplatin AUC 5 600mg NS 500mL 2hr
2021-03-23 - [liposome doxorubicin 30mg/m2 40mg D5W 100mL + carboplatin AUC 5 600mg NS 250mL] 90min IP (LipoDox dose reduced)
2020-01-14 - paclitaxel 175mg/m2 280mg NS 250mL 3hr + carboplatin AUC 5 450mg NS 250mL 2hr
Leukopenia was observed in mid-Sep with a nadir of 1.31K/uL, occurring after the administration of paclitaxel + cisplatin through IV on 2023-08-31, and paclitaxel through IP on 2023-09-07. Granocyte (lenograstim 250ug) has been administered for 3 consecutive days beginning on 2023-09-14, and no instances of leukopenia have been reported thus far.
2023-09-28 WBC 4.17 x10^3/uL
2023-09-21 WBC 7.00 x10^3/uL
2023-09-14 WBC 1.31 x10^3/uL ** 2023-09-10 WBC 1.96 x10^3/uL *
2023-09-07 WBC 3.70 x10^3/uL
According to data from both PharmaCloud and HIS5, the patient has only been treated in the hemato-oncology department at our facility. Consequently, no issues with medication reconciliation have been found.
Based on the records from the PharmaCloud and HIS5, the patient exclusively utilizes healthcare services at the hemato-oncology department in our hospital. As a result, no medication reconciliation discrepancies have been detected.
According to the PharmaCloud database, the patient only receives medical services from our hospital. Therefore, there are no identified medication reconciliation issues.
The PharmaCloud database reveals that all medical needs of this patient have been met at our hospital in the last three months. Consequently, no medication reconciliation issues have been identified.
The patient’s serum potassium level was slightly low at 3.3mmol/L as of 2023-06-16, and it has been trending downwards. It might be helpful to recommend that the patient consume more potassium-rich foods.
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
VTd regimen
[tube feeding]
The potassium content of fruits is relatively low (for example, about 2.2 mEq/inch or 0.9 mEq/cm in bananas), meaning that it would take about two to three bananas to provide 40 mEq. Const-K is an extended-release formulation containing 10 mEq/tab, which is less potassium than is found in one banana. If injectable potassium supplementation is not preferred, please crush the tablet into particles and administer it with water.
[diarrhea]
2023-09-02 Lab showed triglycerides (TG) 394 mg/dL and LDL-C 168mg/dL, Atozet (ezetimibe, atorvastatin) was initiated by our nephrologist. Due to recent diarrhea, Atozet is discontinued today. However, the possibility that Velcade (bortezomib) in VTd regimen (2023-05-26 started) may also be associated with diarrhea cannot be completely excluded.
By the way, a statin can be administered as an alternate day frequency with a similar efficacy and may have a lower incidence of side effects. Ref: Efficacy and Safety of Alternate-Day Versus Daily Dosing of Statins: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2017 Aug;31(4):419-431. doi: 10.1007/s10557-017-6743-0. PMID: 28741244.
[exam findings]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
{why 2023-07-25 exemestane shifted to letrozole?}
[MedRec]
According to the PharmaCloud database, this patient just refilled a 28-day supply of Switane (trihexyphenidyl), Ativan (lorazepam), Winsumin (chlorpromazine), and Denosin (desloratadine) for her schizophrenia at the Bali Psychiatric Center of the Ministry of Health and Welfare on 2023-09-13. Except for lorazepam, all other medications are currently in use. If agitation, restlessness, or antipsychotic-induced akathisia continues to be observed, reintroduction of lorazepam may be considered.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
The patient refilled the repeat prescription for Norvasc (amlodipine), Tulip (atorvastatin), Ankomin (metformin), and Ozempic Injection (semaglutide) on 2023-09-09. However, she is not currently taking these drugs. It is recommended that her serum glucose and blood pressure levels be monitored to determine if and when these medications should be reintroduced.
[diagnosis] - 2023-03-15 admission note
[past history]
[allergy]
[family history]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemoimmunotherapy]
The drugs prescribed by our endocrinologist have been added to the active medication list with no discrepancies found.
A 28-day supply of Ulstop (famotidine), Bokey (aspirin), Saline (nicametate), and Vemlidy (tenofovir alafenamide) are refilled on 2023-08-05, all added to the active formulary with no reconciliation issues found.
Our neurologist prescribed Ulstop (famotidine), Bokey (aspirin), Saline (nicametate citrate) on 2023-07-17, our ophthalmologist prescribed Xalatan (latanoprost), Azarga (brinzolamide, timolol), Alphagan (brimonidine) eye drops on 2023-07-31. These drugs are included in the active medication list without a reconciliation issue.
[reconciliation]
The prescription of Alphagan (brimonidine tartrate), Azarga (brinzolamide), and Xalatan (latanoprost) eye drops were refilled at a local pharmacy on 2023-06-26, with a valid 28-day duration for his glaucoma diagnosis. However, these drugs are not currently included in the patient’s active medication list. Please check whether these medications are still required for the patient.
U-Vanco (vancomycin) was changed from 1000mg Q12H to 1500mg Q12H on 2023-09-24 because the trough was 4.9mg/dL on that day. Since the updated trough level is even lower today (2023-09-28) at 4.3mg/dL, it is recommended that the dose be increased to 2000mg Q12H (Cre 0.32mg/dL, eGFR 377).
[exam findings]
This patient has been consistently taking cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Verzenio (abemaciclib 150mg) 1# BIDCC and aromatase inhibitor Femara (letrozole 2.5mg) 1# QD for months.
Dyspnea, with a frequency ranging from 6% to 18%, has been associated with the use of letrozole. Abemaciclib, on the other hand, has been linked to interstitial lung disease (ILD) and/or pneumonitis, with the frequency not yet defined.
In the event that ILD is confirmed, the abemaciclib dosage should be adjusted as follows:
Grade 1 or 2: No abemaciclib dosage modification is required.
Persistent or recurrent grade 2 toxicity that does not resolve to baseline or grade 1 within 7 days (despite maximal supportive measures): Withhold abemaciclib until toxicity resolves to baseline or to ≤ grade 1 and then resume abemaciclib at the next lower dose.
Grade 3 or 4: Discontinue abemaciclib.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
[anemia]
The last dose of FAC regimen was administered on 2023-09-01 and blood transfusion was performed on the same day, after almost 4 weeks on 2023-09-25 HGB was still below 7g/dL. The recovery of hematopoietic capacity may not be able to catch up, if anemia becomes symptomatic or considered severe, additional blood transfusion might be needed.
2023-09-25 HGB 6.4 g/dL
2023-09-22 HGB 6.8 g/dL
2023-09-01 HGB 6.0 g/dL
[oral mucositis]
For oral mucositis, ASCO recommends using normal saline or salt and soda rinses, 2% viscous lidocaine swish and spit, modifying the diet, using 2% morphine mouthwash swish and spit, and administering systemic opiates based on increasing symptom burden. Ref: Management of Cancer Therapy-Associated Oral Mucositis. JCO Oncol Pract. 2020;16(3):103-109. doi:10.1200/JOP.19.00652
The patient may benefit from using Nincort Oral Gel (triamcinolone acetonide) as a means of relieving symptoms. Additionally, Comfflam Anti-inflammatory Spray (benzydamine 1.5 mg/mL) is available at this hospital and can be used as a rinse three to four times daily (depending on the severity of the mucositis).
[anemia]
[anemia]
[restaging]
On 2023-05-31, a bone scan indicated the need for further monitoring of an active spot in the mid-T spine and heightened activity in the L2-4 spines to ascertain potential bone metastasis. Furthermore, an abdominal sonography on 2023-07-21 showed a slight presence of ascites. If the disease is ultimately confirmed to have metastasized, restaging may be necessary.
[anemia]
Recent HGB lab results
This patient received two cycles of FAC (5FU + LipoDox + Endoxan) on 2023-06-27 and 2023-07-20. Prior to treatment, the hemoglobin (HGB) level remained above 8 g/dL, but after the first cycle, the level decreased to 7.2 g/dL and further decreased to 6.8 g/dL on the day of the second cycle administration.
Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin is known to be associated with anemia (grade 3: 5%, grade 4: <1%), and anemia is also common in patients receiving cyclophosphamide and/or fluorouracil.
As the patient has end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with impaired hematopoietic function, appropriate administration of epoetin alfa is required in addition to iron supplementation. In emergency situations or as needed, blood transfusion should still be considered to maintain hemoglobin levels.
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[MedRec]
Mesyrel (trazodone) is the only oral medication on the list of active medications that can be fed by tube.
[lab data]
2023-06-27 Anti-HBc Reactive
2023-06-27 Anti-HBc-Value 1.04 S/CO
2023-06-27 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-06-27 Anti-HCV Value 0.10 S/CO
2023-06-27 Anti-HBs 229.48 mIU/mL
2023-06-27 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-06-27 HBsAg (Value) 0.32 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[immunochemotherapy]
The lab data indicate an elevated TSH, decreased T3, normal T4, and normal Thyroglobulin levels. This could potentially suggest a subclinical hypothyroidism. It’s noted that there are no records of hypothyroidism in this patient’s history in HIS5. Is there a connection to GS-1811?
2023-09-15 TSH (NM) 9.395 uIU/ml 2023-09-15 Free T4 (NM) 1.165 ng/dl 2023-09-15 T3 (NM) 66.083 ng/dl 2023-09-15 Thyroglobulin 0.322 ng/ml
2023-08-24 TSH (NM) 25.789 uIU/ml 2023-08-24 Free T4 (NM) 1.337 ng/dl 2023-08-24 T3 (NM) 87.021 ng/dl 2023-08-24 Thyroglobulin <0.3 ng/ml
[prophylactic antiviral therapy prior to immunosuppressive agent use]
The patient’s hepatitis B serology results were as follows: HBsAg (-), anti-HBc (+), anti-HBs (+), indicating that she is immune due to natural infection but remains at risk for reactivation if exposed to immunosuppressive agents.
Given this information, if immunosuppressive agents are part of the treatment plan, it is recommended that prophylactic antiviral therapy be considered. Options include either Baraclude (entecavir 0.5 mg) 1# QDAC or Vemlidy (tenofovir alafenamide 25 mg) 1# QD. This preventive measure can help reduce the risk of possible reactivation of HBV infection due to the immunosuppressive effects of treatment.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
[renal dose for carboplatin, metoclopramide and cimetidine]
2023-07-04 Cre 1.56mg/dL, eGFR 46.6, weight 75.9kg => CrCl 45mL/min. The patient has kidney impairment, which might necessitate dose adjustments for some medications in the active list:
Please review the dosages and clinical conditions accordingly to ensure safe and effective therapy for the patient.
[exam findings]
According to the PharmaCloud database, this patient has received Glivec (imatinib) prescribed at Cardinal Tien Hospital for at least the last 3 months. BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib, ponatinib, and asciminib, have been associated with varying degrees of cardiovascular adverse reactions. Taking imatinib as an example, its incidence includes chest pain (7% to 11%), edema (11% to 86%; severe edema: 2% to 11%), peripheral edema (20% to 41%), cold extremity (≤1%), flushing, heart failure (≤1%), hypertension (4%), hypotension (≤1%), palpitations (5%), pericardial effusion (≤6%), Raynaud’s disease (≤1%), subdural hematoma (≤1%), syncope (≤1%), tachycardia (≤1%), and <1%: acute myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, atrial fibrillation, cardiac arrhythmia, left ventricular dysfunction (ref: UpToDate). The discontinuation of the drug is considered to be appropriate in this case (LVEF 24%).
Imatinib has been associated with various cardiovascular side effects, including: chest pain (7% to 11%), edema (11% to 86%; severe edema: 2% to 11%), peripheral edema (20% to 41%), cold extremity (≤1%), flushing, heart failure (≤1%), hypertension (4%), hypotension (≤1%), palpitations (5%), pericardial effusion (≤6%), Raynaud’s disease (≤1%), subdural hematoma (≤1%), syncope (≤1%), tachycardia (≤1%) and <1%: acute myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, atrial fibrillation, cardiac arrhythmia, left ventricular dysfunction.
It’s important to note that other drugs in the same class as imatinib may also have cardiovascular adverse reactions.
Dasatinib: >10%: peripheral edema, cardiac conduction disturbance (7%; including cardiac arrhythmias [tachycardia, ventricular arrhythmia, ventricular tachycardia] and palpitations), cardiac disorder (≤4%; including cardiomyopathy, heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, ischemic heart disease, reduced ejection fraction), chest pain, edema (1% to 4%), flushing, hypertension, pericardial effusion (1% to 4%), prolonged QT interval on ECG (≤1%) and <1%: Abnormal T waves on ECG, acute coronary syndrome, angina pectoris, cardiomegaly, coronary artery disease, deep vein thrombosis, embolism, hypotension, livedo reticularis, myocarditis, pericarditis, pleuropericarditis, prolongation P-R interval on ECG, pulmonary embolism, syncope, thrombophlebitis, thrombosis, troponin increased in blood specimen.
Nilotinib: hypertension (10% to 11%), occlusive arterial disease (9% to 15%; including limb stenosis), peripheral edema (9% to 15%), prolonged QT interval on ECG (children and adolescents: >30 msec from baseline: 28%; adults: >60 msec from baseline: 4%; adults: >500 msec: <1%), angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia (including AV block, atrial fibrillation, bradycardia, cardiac flutter, extrasystoles, and tachycardia), cerebral ischemia (1% to 3%), chest discomfort, chest pain, flushing, ischemic heart disease (5% to 9%), palpitations, pericardial effusion (≤2%), peripheral arterial disease (3% to 4%) and <1%: Acute myocardial infarction, arteriosclerosis, cardiac failure, cerebral infarction, coronary artery disease, coronary artery disease, facial edema, heart murmur, hypertensive crisis, intermittent claudication, ischemic stroke, syncope, transient ischemic attacks.
Bosutinib: chest pain (8% to 12%), edema (15% to 19%), hypertension (8% to 11%), coronary artery disease (3%), heart failure (2% to 5%), pericardial effusion, prolonged QT interval on ECG and <1%: Pericarditis.
Ponatinib: cardiac arrhythmia (17% to 25%; ventricular arrhythmia: 3%), edema (≤41%), heart failure (6% to 16%), hypertension (31% to 53%; severe hypertension: 3% to 13%), occlusive arterial disease (13% to 31%; including carotid, vertebral, and middle cerebral artery and renal artery stenosis), peripheral edema (17%), acute myocardial infarction (2%), atrial fibrillation (8%), bradycardia (≤1%; including leading to pacemaker implantation), cerebral infarction (grade 3/4: 2%), cerebrovascular occlusion (7%), coronary artery disease (grade 3/4: 2%), deep vein thrombosis (2%), pericardial effusion (4%), peripheral arterial disease (occlusive: grades 3/4: 3%), pulmonary embolism (2%), reduced ejection fraction (3%), syncope (2%), venous thromboembolism (4% to 10%) and <1%: atrial flutter, atrial tachycardia, complete atrioventricular block, hypertensive crisis, prolonged QT interval on ECG, retinal thrombosis, sinus bradycardia, sinus node dysfunction, subdural hematoma, superficial thrombophlebitis, supraventricular tachycardia, tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia.
Asciminib: hypertension (14%), increased serum creatine kinase (30%), cardiac arrhythmia (<10%), edema (<10%), heart failure (<10%), palpitations (<10%), prolonged QT interval on ECG (<10%)
[diagnosis] - 2023-03-27 discharge note
[past history]
[allergy]
[family history]
[exam findings]
2023-04-23 CXR
2023-04-18 SONO - abdomen
2023-04-13 CXR
2023-04-11 CXR
2023-03-24, -03-17 CXR
2023-03-21 CT - abdomen
2023-03-17 KUB
2023-03-15, -03-12 CXR
2023-02-12 ECG
2023-01-09 Nasopharyngoscopy
2022-12-28 Cholangiography
2022-12-28 Endoscopic Retrograde CholangioPancreatography, ERCP
2022-12-26 Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangio-Drainage, PTCD
2022-12-23 Patho - gallbladder (benign lesion)
2022-12-12 Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangio-Drainage, PTCD
2022-12-12 SONO - abdomen
2022-12-11, -11-08 CXR
2022-11-11 2D transthoracic echocardiography
2022-11-22 Flow volume chart
2022-11-21 SONO - abdomen
2022-11-17 CT - abdomen
2022-11-12 MRI - MR Cholangiography, MRCP
2022-11-11 Patho - liver biopsy needle/wedge
2022-11-10 Endoscopic Retrograde CholangioPancreatography, ERCP
2022-11-09 CT - abdomen
2021-04-13 Bone densitometry - hip
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[MedRec]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
2023-05-17 ~ undergoing - UFT (tegafur 100mg, uracil 224mg) 1# BID
2023-02-06 - fluorouracil 200mg/m2 300mg NS 500mL 24hr D1-5
2023-02-02 - fluorouracil 200mg/m2 300mg NS 500mL 24hr D1-2
[note]
Principles of Systemic Therapy — NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology - Biliary Tract Cancers - Version 2.2023 - May 10, 2023 - BIL-C
Principles of Systemic Therapy — NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology - Hepatocellular Carcinoma - Version 1.2023 - March 10, 2023 - HCC-G
According to the PharmaCloud data, this patient has only sought medical care at our hospital in the past three months. No discrepancies or problems were identified during the medication reconciliation process for this patient.
The patient’s treatment was changed to UFT (a combination of Tegafur and Uracil) on 2023-05-17. There is limited data on the tolerability of UFT in older adults. However, in a study with a control group of 39 patients over 70 years of age who had undergone resection for colorectal cancer and received UFT alone, adverse events were rare and all were grade 2 or less (Reference: Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2009;24(1):35-40). Given the patient’s advanced age, the chosen drug appears to be appropriate.
The drug UFT is approved in Taiwan and other countries, but is not approved by the FDA, Health Canada, or the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and is therefore not recommended by the NCCN guidelines. UFT consists of a 1:4 molar combination of tegafur (a prodrug of 5-FU) and uracil (which competitively inhibits the degradation of 5-FU, resulting in sustained plasma and intratumoral concentrations). As tegafur is a prodrug of 5-FU, which has already been used in this patient in concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), the efficacy of this approach should be continuously monitored as always.
Amsulber (ampicillin, sulbactam) is used due to 2023-04-13 CRP 2.1mg/dL and CXR showed ground glass opacities in bilateral lower lungs.
Baogan (silymarin) is being used for the patient’s elevated AST and ALT.
[MedRec]
Some of the medications prescribed by our gastroenterologist on 2023-07-28 and by our endocrinologist on 2023-07-18 do not appear in the active medication list. Please verify if these omitted medications are still necessary for the patient’s treatment.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemotherapy]
[oral mucositis]
Since 2023-06-13, the patient has been intermittently receiving radiotherapy. Regarding chemotherapy, after the last TPFL (docetaxel + cisplatin + 5-FU + LV) treatment on 2023-06-13, the patient transitioned to cisplatin + methotrexate starting from 2023-08-21. While oral mucositis could potentially be caused by chemotherapy, it’s important to note that the influence of radiotherapy cannot be entirely ruled out.
According to the recommendations in the article “Management of Cancer Therapy-Associated Oral Mucositis” (https://ascopubs.org/doi/full/10.1200/JOP.19.00652), management options for mucositis severity include bland rinses (normal saline or salt and soda), 2% viscous lidocaine swish and spit, gabapentin, 2% morphine mouthwash swish and spit, doxepin-containing mouthwashes, and systemic opiates, depending on the severity of mucositis.
[lab data]
2022-09-09 Anti-HBc Reactive
2022-09-09 Anti-HBc-Value 2.22 S/CO
2022-09-09 Anti-HBs 81.03 mIU/mL
2022-09-09 HBsAg (quantative) Nonreactive
2022-09-09 HBsAg Value (quantative) 0.00 IU/mL
2022-09-09 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2022-09-09 Anti-HCV Value 0.11 S/CO
[exam finding]
[consultation]
[chemoimmunotherapy]
[renal function follow-up]
Given the recent serum Cre and BUN records, it appears that the patient’s AKI status has been resolved for some time. Therefore, this might be marked as an inactive or resolved item in the medical problem list.
[diagnosis] - 2023-03-20 admission note
[past history]
[allergy]
[family history]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
High-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) with poor differentiation tend to have a high likelihood of developing distant metastases and a concerning prognosis, even when they appear to be clinically localized. For the treatment of metastatic gastrointestinal and pancreatic NEC, it is often recommended to use a two-drug platinum-based regimen, usually consisting of cisplatin or carboplatin combined with etoposide.
The ideal treatment duration remains undetermined. Generally, the goal is to administer 4 to 6 cycles of therapy. However, if a patient continues to respond positively to the treatment and experiences minimal side effects, it may be suitable to extend chemotherapy until the maximum possible response is achieved. ref: UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/high-grade-gastroenteropancreatic-neuroendocrine-neoplasms
Neuroendocrine tumors, metastatic carcinoma
The patient’s current etoposide and cisplatin regimen does not exceed the mentioned dosage, making it suitable and not necessitating any dosage adjustments.
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[diarrhea]
The patient started FOLFIRI treatment on 2023-08-22 and experienced significant diarrhea, with seven or more bowel movements per day.
Irinotecan, a component of FOLFIRI, can lead to both early and late-stage diarrhea. For early-stage diarrhea, which may come with cholinergic symptoms, atropine can be effective. Although a 0.25mg dose of atropine was initially used, increasing the dose to 0.5mg during the next treatment could be considered (can be up to 1mg). Late-stage diarrhea requires immediate attention with loperamide, as it could be life-threatening.
In cases of diarrhea, maintain close monitoring of fluid and electrolyte levels, and provide necessary supplementation. If complications like ileus, fever, or severe neutropenia arise, antibiotics may be needed. In the event of severe diarrhea, consider interrupting the irinotecan treatment and adjusting the dosage for subsequent administrations.
Patients who are homozygous for the UGT1A128 or 6 alleles (28/28, 6/6), or compound heterozygous UGT1A128 and 6 alleles (6/28), may require a dose reduction in the starting irinotecan level. Any future adjustments should be tailored to individual tolerance levels.
For treating diarrhea induced by cancer therapy, the initial oral dose of loperamide is 4 mg, followed by 2 mg every 2 to 4 hours or after each instance of loose stool. If diarrhea continues for more than 24 hours, the dose should be 2 mg every 2 hours, or alternatively, 4 mg every 4 hours. Continue this regimen until 12 hours have elapsed without a loose bowel movement, as per guidelines from Andreyev 2014, Benson 2004, and Sharma 2005. It’s worth noting that daily doses exceeding 16 mg may not offer additional benefit, and alternative treatments should be considered if diarrhea persists for 48 hours or more.
[leukopenia]
Around the third week following the patient’s initial FOLFIRI treatment, leukopenia was detected. However, after administering a dose of G-CSF (filgrastim 150ug) on 2023-09-11, no further instances of leukopenia have been observed as of now.
2023-09-12 WBC 4.70 x10^3/uL
2023-09-11 WBC 1.58 x10^3/uL
2023-09-08 WBC 1.81 x10^3/uL
2023-09-05 WBC 1.95 x10^3/uL
2023-08-22 WBC 4.85 x10^3/uL
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
2023-09-11 FOLFOX
2023-08-16 FOLFOX
2023-07-28 FOLFOX
2023-07-12 FOLFOX
2023-06-26 FOLFOX
2023-06-05 FOLFOX
2023-05-08 FOLFOX
2023-04-10 FOLFOX
2023-03-21 FOLFOX
2023-03-03 FOLFOX
2023-02-16 FOLFOX
2023-01-16 5-FU
2023-01-09 5-FU
2022-12-30 5-FU
2022-12-28 5-FU
The medications in the repeat prescription provided by VGHTPE on 2023-08-09 were replenished on 2023-09-04 and are currently in use. No issues with medication reconciliation have been identified.
This patient obtained a 28-day refill of aspirin, bisoprolol, fenofibrate, ezetimibe, amlodipine, and atorvastatin from VGHTPE on 2023-08-09. All these medications are actively being used, and there are no discrepancies identified.
This patient refilled a prescription on 2023-07-03 that was issued by VGHTPE on 2023-05-10 for aspirin, bisoprolol, fenofibrate, ezetimibe, amlodipine and atorvastatin. These drugs are now on the active formulary with no reconciliation issues identified.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[chemoimmunotherapy]
According to PharmaCloud, this patient has no records of visiting other healthcare facilities in the past three months. The repeat prescriptions for Baraclude (entecavir) and Harnalidge (tamsulosin), issued on 2023-08-10 by our hospital OPD, are currently on the active medication list and no reconciliation issues have been identified.
[bedside visit]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
2023/06/16 AST 237 ALT 441 ALP 430 GGT 1489 TBI 2.97 DBI 1.74; WBC 9.65 Seg 94.8% CRP 1.2 PCT 0.36
2023/06/23 AST 68 ALT 127 ALP 239 GGT 993 TBI 5.64 DBI 3.43 PT 11.5 NH3 51
2023/06/17 HBsAg-/AntiHBs+/AntiHCV-
2023/06/23 TSH 0.053 (low), T3 0.67 (low) FT4 1.27; cortisol 17.74
[treatment]
2023-07-07 ~ undergoing - Xtandi (enzalutamide 40mg) 4# QDAC
2023-07-10 - Zoladex Depot (goserelin 3.6mg) SC ST
2023-05-09 - Firmagon (degarelix 80mg) at Taipei Mackey Hospital
2023-04-11 - Firmagon (degarelix 80mg) at Taipei Mackey Hospital
2023-05-09 - Xgeva (denosumab)
2023-04-11 - Xgeva (denosumab)
[hyperbilirubinemia]
This patient’s blood bilirubin level has increased significantly since late August.
2023-09-04 Bilirubin total 25.09 mg/dL 2023-08-31 Bilirubin total 19.49 mg/dL 2023-08-29 Bilirubin total 19.02 mg/dL 2023-08-29 Bilirubin total 19.02 mg/dL 2023-08-28 Bilirubin total 18.30 mg/dL 2023-08-24 Bilirubin total 13.31 mg/dL 2023-08-21 Bilirubin total 10.81 mg/dL 2023-08-17 Bilirubin total 6.25 mg/dL 2023-08-14 Bilirubin total 3.61 mg/dL 2023-08-10 Bilirubin total 1.49 mg/dL 2023-08-08 Bilirubin total 1.03 mg/dL 2023-08-07 Bilirubin total 1.19 mg/dL
2023-09-04 Bilirubin direct 14.35 mg/dL 2023-08-31 Bilirubin direct 12.67 mg/dL 2023-08-29 Bilirubin direct 12.16 mg/dL 2023-08-29 Bilirubin direct 12.16 mg/dL 2023-08-28 Bilirubin direct 9.94 mg/dL 2023-08-24 Bilirubin direct 7.89 mg/dL 2023-08-21 Bilirubin direct 6.44 mg/dL 2023-08-17 Bilirubin direct 3.58 mg/dL 2023-08-14 Bilirubin direct 2.11 mg/dL 2023-08-10 Bilirubin direct 0.74 mg/dL 2023-08-08 Bilirubin direct 0.37 mg/dL
Upon reviewing all drugs on the active medication list, 3 drugs are found to be associated with liver-related adverse reactions:
[Brosym 1000mg Q12H for patients with CrCl < 15mL/min]
Patient: Male, 70 years old, weighing 52kg, with a creatinine level of 3.58mg/dL, resulting in a creatinine clearance (CrCl) of 14mL/min.
According to the Sanford Guide, the recommended maximum dose of sulbactam for patients with a CrCl < 15mL/min is 500mg every 12 hours. Therefore, the appropriate dose for this patient would be Brosym 1000mg every 12 hours.
[to increase the dose of long-acting insulin]
Considering that fasting blood glucose levels from 2023-07-10 to 2023-07-12 are still on the high side, ranging around 200mg/dL to 300mg/dL, even with the current insulin regimen of Apidra (insulin glulisine) 3 units TIDAC and Tresiba (insulin degludec) 6 units HS for days, it is recommended to increase the dosage of Tresiba from 6 units to 7 units and continue monitoring blood glucose levels to determine if further adjustments are necessary.
[bilirubin level follow-up]
The patient’s bilirubin levels have remained stable over the past two weeks.
Upon reviewing the drugs in the patient’s active medication list, there is no clear evidence suggesting a need to adjust the dosages based on the current state of the patient’s liver function.
[bedside visit]
I visited the patient around 09:15 on 2023-07-10. He was lying in bed with his eyes closed, and his wife and a caregiver were present in the room. The patient didn’t respond when I conversed with his wife and the caregiver.
The patient’s caregiver mentioned that the patient’s feet were cold, so she placed a warm water bag near his feet to try to provide warmth. The patient’s wife reported that the patient had begun to sweat profusely on his head the previous night (without night sweats from the body), had not slept all night, and had a poor appetite, eating only a small amount.
Upon asking about the patient’s pain, bowel movements, and breathing, the caregiver indicated that the patient’s stools were regular, but his urine output was reduced due to concerns about pulmonary edema and fluid retention leading to reduced fluid intake. The patient continues to experience occasional shortness of breath and expresses discomfort, but there has been no significant increase in the intensity or duration of pain.
[Zoladex (goserelin)]
There is no dosage adjustment necessary for Zoladex (goserelin) in kidney impairement and/or hepatic impairment patients.
NHI provides coverage for the use of Gn-RH analogs, such as goserelin, exclusively for conditions like prostate cancer, central precocious puberty, endometriosis, and breast cancer in pre-menopausal (or peri-menopausal) cases. This patient should meet the criteria for coverage.
[bedside visit: breathing smoother]
I visited the patient on 2023-07-06 at approximately 10:30. The patient was in bed, using an oxygen mask with his eyes closed, and his wife and daughter were in the room with him. I noticed that the patient’s breathing did not seem rapid. I asked his wife and daughter about the patient’s condition, and his daughter replied that the patient’s breathing seemed smoother than it had been in the past few days and that there were no specific problems at the moment. When I asked if they had any questions about the medication or wanted to understand more, they indicated that they did not have any at this time.
[patient education: enzalutamide]
The patient agreed to use Xtandi (enzalutamide). I prepared an information sheet about enzalutamide, highlighting points the patient should be aware of, as well as potential side effects of the medication. At approximately 14:10 on 2023-07-06, I visited the patient, who was resting in the room with his daughter and caregiver. I gently woke the patient’s daughter and gave her the highlighted sheet. I also gave her the contact information for the pharmacy window and encouraged her to call if she had any questions about the medication.
[Minutes of the Multidisciplinary Team Meeting and Patient Family Meeting]
Today, on 2023-06-30 at around 11:45, Dr. Hsia gathered the patient’s daughter and the patient’s wife’s brother, and explained the current status of the patient’s condition using medical images. Then, from 12:15 to 13:15, a multidisciplinary team meeting and family meeting was held in the ward conference room. The meeting was chaired by Dr. Hsia and included members such as the nurse practitioner, the head nurse of the ward, the charge nurse, the social worker, and myself as the pharmacist. The the patient’s family representatives included the patient’s daughter and the patient’s wife’s brother. Dr. Hsia first clarified several key observations and considerations about the patient’s current condition. I presented the rationale behind the selection of anti-androgen agents, taking into account the expected changes in liver function. In addition, each of the nursing professionals also expressed their own perspectives.
Going forward, the pharmacy will continue to collaborate with the entire team in the management of this patient.
[bedside visit]
I visited the patient around 13:15 on 2023-06-30. The patient was using an oxygen mask, and his wife was standing by his bed. I asked about the patient’s current condition, and his wife indicated that he still had difficulty breathing, but he no longer coughed up blood. Upon checking the patient’s feet, I did not find any signs of lower limb edema.
[Rationale for the Selection of Anti-Androgen Agents in Patients with Potential Hepatic Impairment]
We currently have three anti-androgen medications in stock: Casodex (bicalutamide 50mg), Xtandi (enzalutamide 40mg), and Nubeqa (darolutamide 300mg), with the last one is a temporary purchase item and thus limited its use for certain patients.
Considering the patient’s normal AST and ALT levels along with elevated bilirubin (direct 0.78mg/dL, total 1.71mg/dL) as of 2023-05-29, the patient’s liver function should be taken into account when prescribing these drugs.
In conclusion, enzalutamide appears to be least affected by liver function and could be a reasonable choice if the patient’s liver function is not expected to recover in the short term.
The PharmaCloud database does not disclose any data for this patient, which could be due to the patient not having granting access.
In the past 3 years, there have been no records of outpatient or inpatient services for this patient at our hospital prior to this hospitalization. Consequently, no medication reconciliation issues have been detected.
Since the patient’s admission, fasting blood glucose levels have consistently ranged between 200 and 300 mg/dL, even with the administration of regular insulin 2 units PRNQ6H. To better manage these elevated blood sugar levels, it is advisable to increase the insulin dose to 3 units just before each meal. This approach trys to prevent blood glucose levels from exceeding 200 mg/dL. Continue to monitor blood glucose readings to assess the effectiveness of this adjustment and determine if further changes are needed.
The fasting serum glucose levels since this hospitalization were between 200 and 300 mg/dL even under regular insulin 2 units PRNQ6H. It is recommended to increase the dose to 3 unit right before each prandial to keep the blood sugar level at least not exceed 200mg/dL and keep monitoring the readings to decide if furthur adjustment necessary.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
After reviewing the PharmaCloud and HIS5 records, no issues with medication reconciliation were identified. However, a blood glucose level of 263mg/dL recorded at 06:21 on 2023-09-05 suggests that glucose control may be suboptimal despite the use of multiple antidiabetic medications. Continuous monitoring of blood sugar levels is recommended to identify any developing trends.
[hypertriglyceridemia > 1000mg/dL]
During the months of June and July, there was a significant increase in triglyceride levels, leading to severe hypertriglyceridemia (exceeding 1000 mg/dL). Elevated triglycerides could interfere with an initial stage of the insulin signaling pathway, or conversely, insulin resistance might be contributing to the hypertriglyceridemia.
2023-08-26 Triglyceride (TG) 2209 mg/dL
2023-08-19 Triglyceride (TG) 1581 mg/dL
2023-08-05 Triglyceride (TG) 1183 mg/dL
2023-07-29 Triglyceride (TG) 2254 mg/dL
2023-07-22 Triglyceride (TG) 1814 mg/dL
2023-07-13 Triglyceride (TG) 2383 mg/dL
2023-07-08 Triglyceride (TG) 1802 mg/dL
2023-06-03 Triglyceride (TG) 597 mg/dL
2023-05-06 Triglyceride (TG) 491 mg/dL
2023-04-08 Triglyceride (TG) 495 mg/dL
2023-03-11 Triglyceride (TG) 409 mg/dL
2023-02-11 Triglyceride (TG) 318 mg/dL
2023-01-14 Triglyceride (TG) 309 mg/dL
Hypothyroidism is most often associated with hypercholesterolemia (2023-07-08 cholestrol total 355 mg/dL), but association with hypertriglyceridemia has also been described. Ref: Thyroid function and prevalent and incident metabolic syndrome in older adults: the Health, Ageing and Body Composition Study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2012;76(6):911-918. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04328.x
When the TG level is >1000 mg/dL, drugs used to lower TG have limited effectiveness. These agents work primarily by reducing hepatic TG synthesis and secretion as VLDL-TG and thus are relatively ineffective when TG level is severely elevated.
[patient education]
At around 15:15 on 2023-06-20, I visited the patient, who was resting with her eyes closed. Her sister, who was sitting in a chair next to the bed, woke her up. I brought the patient information leaflets for paclitaxel and carboplatin, explaining the potential side effects of each drug one by one. I asked her to inform the medical team as soon as possible if any suspicious symptoms occur. The patient reported that she had previously told Dr. Wan about numbness in her fingertips after chemotherapy, and stated that this condition still persists at the time of this visit.
Although carboplatin has been linked to peripheral neuropathy in 4% to 6% of cases, the association is even stronger with paclitaxel, which is linked to peripheral neuropathy in 42% to 70% of cases (grades 3/4 <= 7%). Therefore, it’s more probable that the numbness in the patient’s fingertips is primarily due to paclitaxel.
The 2020 ASCO guidelines suggest that clinicians may consider offering duloxetine to patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Additionally, the 2020 joint ESMO/EONS/EANO guidelines recommend duloxetine for the treatment of neuropathic pain in this context. Reference: “Prevention and Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Survivors of Adult Cancers: ASCO Guideline Update. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:3325”.
We currently have Cymbalta (duloxetine 30mg/cap) in stock. For chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, the oral initial dose is 30 mg once daily for 1 week, then increased to 60 mg once daily. (ref: UpToDate)
[exam findings]
[consultation]
The patient monthly refills for his repeat prescription medications, which include famotidine, silymarin, vitamin B complex, and propranolol, with the last refill occurring on 2023-08-06. Please confirm whether these medications are no longer required for the patient’s current medical status.
[MedRec]
On 2023-08-05, the patient received a 30-day prescription for pioglitazone, linagliptin, pentoxifylline, amlodipine, irbesartan, and atorvastatin. Not all of these medications are currently on the list of active medications. Please check to see if any of these medications are no longer needed.
[exam findings]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[chemoimmunotherapy]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[immunochemotherapy]
[vancomycin dosing for adults with normal kidney function]
Loading dose (for patients with known or suspected severe Staphylococcus aureus infection) 20 to 35 mg/kg (based on actual body weight, rounded to the nearest 250 mg increment; not to exceed 3000 mg). Within this range, we use a higher dose for critically ill patients; we use a lower dose for patients who are obese and/or are receiving vancomycin via continuous infusion. The patient’s weight is approximately 50 kg, which suggests a loading dose range of 1000mg to 1750mg. The administered dose of 1000mg on 2023-08-28 at 10:49 falls on the lower end of this range.
Initial maintenance dose and interval typically 15 to 20 mg/kg every 8 to 12 hours for most patients (based on actual body weight, rounded to the nearest 250 mg increment). The dosage of 20mg/kg every 12 hours is then being administered to this date currently.
Given the lower initial loading dose and the recently observed elevated trough level of 16.5 mg/L (2023-08-31 morning), a 20% reduction in the current dosage is recommended, which equates to administering 800mg Q12H.
[lab data]
2023-07-27 LDH 150 U/L
2023-07-20 B2-Microglobulin 2197 ng/mL
2023-07-18 BM chromosome analysis - cytogenetics laboratory report
2023-07-13 B2-Microglobulin 2254 ng/mL
2023-07-12 LDH 142 U/L
2023-06-21 Anti-HBc Reactive
2023-06-21 Anti-HBc-Value 4.63 S/CO
2023-06-21 Anti-HBs 297.01 mIU/mL
2023-06-21 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-06-21 HBsAg (Value) 0.35 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[immunochemotherapy]
[Dipeptiven dosage and administration]
(Dipeptiven ref: https://www.fresenius-kabi.com/nz/documents/Dipeptiven_Datasheet.pdf)
Solution for infusion after mixture with a compatible infusion solution. Solutions of mixtures with an osmolarity above 800 mosmol/L should be infused by the central venous route.
Dipeptiven is administered parallel with parenteral nutrition or enteral nutrition or a combination of both. Dosage depends on the severity of the catabolic state and on amino acids/protein requirement.
A maximum daily dosage of 2 g amino acids/or protein per kg bodyweight should not be exceeded in parenteral/enteral nutrition. The supply of alanine and glutamine via Dipeptiven should be taken into consideration in the calculation. The proportion of the amino acids supplied through Dipeptiven should not exceed approx. 30% of the total amino acids/protein supply.
[Selection of antiviral drugs for Hepatitis B]
This patient is undergoing dialysis, and the current administration methods for Hepatitis B medication available in our hospital for dialysis patients are:
Considering the patient’s bilirubin levels on 2023-08-30, with total bilirubin at 2.32mg/dL and direct bilirubin at 1.78mg/dL, the use of Baraclude 0.5mg QWAC may be an option.
The patient renewed his prescription on 2023-08-03 for metformin, aspirin, bisoprolol, amlodipine, and atorvastatin. Comparing with the active medication list, statins are not listed. Lab results from 2023-08-04 indicated no hyperlipidemia. Thus, there are no identified issues with medication reconciliation.
2023-08-04 Cholesterol total 148 mg/dL
2023-08-04 Triglyceride (TG) 95 mg/dL
2023-08-04 LDL-C 95 mg/dL
2023-08-04 HDL-C 43 mg/dL
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
Based on PharmaCloud records, this patient has only received medical care at our hospital in the last three months, with no medication reconciliation issues identified.
從 PharmaCloud 紀錄來看，該名患者最近三個月只在本院就診，沒有發現 medication reconciliation issue.
[lab data]
2023-08-14 CMV viral load assay Target not detecetedIU/mL
2023-08-09 CD45+Total leukocyte 329085 /uL
2023-08-09 %CD34+ 0.41 %
2023-08-09 CD34+ Count 1350 /uL
2023-08-09 CD45+Total leukocyte 25806 /uL
2023-08-09 %CD34+ 0.10 %
2023-08-09 CD34+ Count 26 /uL
2023-08-09 HPC Ratio 0.41 %
2023-08-09 HPC# 0.1050 10^3/ul
2023-08-08 CD45+Total leukocyte 367310 /uL
2023-08-08 %CD34+ 0.31 %
2023-08-08 CD34+ Count 1140.0 /uL
2023-08-08 RPR/VDRL Nonreactive
2023-08-08 HIV Ab-EIA Nonreactive
2023-08-08 Anti-HIV Value 0.07 S/CO
2023-08-08 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-08-08 Anti-HCV Value 0.09 S/CO
2023-08-08 HBsAg Nonreactive
2023-08-08 HBsAg (Value) 0.27 S/CO
2023-08-08 CD45+Total leukocyte 22719 /uL
2023-08-08 %CD34+ 0.10 %
2023-08-08 CD34+ Count 24.0 /uL
2023-08-08 HPC Ratio 0.34 %
2023-08-08 HPC# 0.0820 10^3/ul
2023-07-18 IgG (blood) 732 mg/dL
2023-06-06 Free Light Chain κ/λ, (blood) ratio
2023-06-06 FKLC 9.6 mg/L
2023-06-06 FLLC 86.8 mg/L
2023-06-06 FK/FL ratio 0.11 ratio
2023-06-01 B2-Microglobulin 1862 ng/mL
2023-05-31 IgG (blood) 867 mg/dL
2023-05-23 CD45+Total leukocyte 216525 /uL
2023-05-23 %CD34+ 0.13 %
2023-05-23 CD34+ Count 285 /uL
2023-05-23 CD45+Total leukocyte 36136 /uL
2023-05-23 %CD34+ 0.02 %
2023-05-23 CD34+ Count 6 /uL
2023-05-23 HPC Ratio 0.04 %
2023-05-23 HPC# 0.018 10^3/ul
2023-05-22 CD45+Total leukocyte 243730 /uL
2023-05-22 %CD34+ 0.31 %
2023-05-22 CD34+ Count 760 /uL
2023-05-22 HPC Ratio 0.18 %
2023-05-22 HPC# 0.094 10^3/ul
2023-05-03 Free Light Chain κ/λ; (blood) ratio
2023-05-03 FKLC 11.2 mg/L
2023-05-03 FLLC 53.5 mg/L
2023-05-03 FK/FL ratio 0.21 ratio
2023-04-27 B2-Microglobulin 1275 ng/mL
2023-04-26 IgG (blood) 782 mg/dL
2023-04-11 CD45+Total leukocyte 246285 /uL
2023-04-11 %CD34+ 0.08 %
2023-04-11 CD34+ Count 200 /uL
2023-04-11 CD45+Total leukocyte 24252 /uL
2023-04-11 %CD34+ 0.01 %
2023-04-11 CD34+ Count 2 /uL
2023-04-11 HPC Ratio 0.15 %
2023-04-11 HPC# 0.036 10^3/ul
2023-04-10 CD45+Total leukocyte 191835 /uL
2023-04-10 %CD34+ 0.11 %
2023-04-10 CD34+ Count 205 /uL
2023-04-10 CD45+Total leukocyte 30658 /uL
2023-04-10 %CD34+ 0.02 %
2023-04-10 CD34+ Count 6 /uL
2023-04-10 HPC Ratio 0.21 %
2023-04-10 HPC# 0.062 10^3/ul
2023-03-31 Free Light Chain κ/λ; (blood) ratio
2023-03-31 FKLC 9.4 mg/L
2023-03-31 FLLC 55.1 mg/L
2023-03-31 FK/FL ratio 0.17 ratio
2023-03-25 B2-Microglobulin 1833 ng/mL
2023-03-24 IgG (blood) 621 mg/dL
2023-03-13 Free Light Chain κ/λ; (blood) ratio
2023-03-13 FKLC 9.6 mg/L
2023-03-13 FLLC 87.3 mg/L
2023-03-13 FK/FL ratio 0.11 ratio
2023-03-04 B2-Microglobulin 1701 ng/mL
2023-03-03 IgG (blood) 880 mg/dL
2023-02-23 Influenza A Ag Negative
2023-02-23 Influenza B Ag Negative
2023-02-08 Free Light Chain κ/λ; (blood) ratio
2023-02-08 FKLC 15.1 mg/L
2023-02-08 FLLC 231.25 mg/L
2023-02-08 FK/FL ratio 0.07 ratio
2023-02-04 B2-Microglobulin 2002 ng/mL
2023-02-03 IgG (blood) 757 mg/dL
2022-12-22 Free Light Chain κ/λ; (blood) ratio
2022-12-22 FKLC 13.4 mg/L
2022-12-22 FLLC 287.5 mg/L
2022-12-22 FK/FL ratio 0.05 ratio
2022-12-17 B2-Microglobulin 2642 ng/mL
2022-12-16 IgG (blood) 1463 mg/dL
2022-11-29 HBsAg Nonreactive
2022-11-29 HBsAg (Value) 0.41 S/CO
2022-11-29 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2022-11-29 Anti-HCV Value 0.24 S/CO
2022-11-29 Anti-HBc Reactive
2022-11-29 Anti-HBc-Value 6.61 S/CO
2022-11-29 Anti-HBc IgM Nonreactive
2022-11-29 Anti-HBc IgM Value 0.09 S/CO
2022-11-29 Anti-HBs 9.54 mIU/mL
2022-11-24 CD2 NA
2022-11-24 CD3 61.7
2022-11-24 CD4 19.9
2022-11-24 CD5 75.6
2022-11-24 CD7 82.3
2022-11-24 CD8 52.2
2022-11-24 CD10 12.5
2022-11-24 CD11b NA
2022-11-24 CD13 NA
2022-11-24 CD14 3.9
2022-11-24 CD15 NA
2022-11-24 CD16 NA
2022-11-24 CD19 19.5
2022-11-24 CD19/kappa 7.27
2022-11-24 CD19/Lambda 9.4
2022-11-24 CD20 25.7
2022-11-24 CD23 18.9
2022-11-24 CD25 16.5
2022-11-24 CD33 NA
2022-11-24 CD34 6.9
2022-11-24 CD38 85.2
2022-11-24 CD56 29.1
2022-11-24 CD103 NA
2022-11-24 CD117 NA
2022-11-24 CD138 16.2
2022-11-24 FMC7 19.3
2022-11-24 HLA-DR NA
2022-11-24 MPO NA
2022-11-24 TdT NA
2022-11-23 BM chromosome analyz see attachment
2022-11-10 Free Light Chain κ/λ; (urine)
2022-11-10 Total Volume(24hr) 4500 mL
2022-11-10 FKLC 28.8 mg/L
2022-11-10 FLLC 6875 mg/L
2022-11-10 FK/FL ratio 0.004189
2022-11-08 IgD; <46.7 U/mL
2022-11-08 Free Light Chain κ/λ; (blood) ratio
2022-11-08 FKLC 14.0 mg/L
2022-11-08 FLLC 2725 mg/L
2022-11-08 FK/FL ratio 0.01 ratio
2022-11-07 Protein EP; (urine)
2022-11-07 Protein (Urine) 334 mg/dL
2022-11-07 Albumin(Urine) 4.8 %
2022-11-07 Alpha-1 0.9 %
2022-11-07 Alpha-2 1.1 %
2022-11-07 Beta 2.8 %
2022-11-07 Gamma 90.4 %
2022-11-07 A/G Ratio (Urine) 0.1
2022-11-05 Protein EP;
2022-11-05 Protein, total 8.8 g/dL
2022-11-05 Albumin 35.0 %
2022-11-05 Alpha-1 1.8 %
2022-11-05 Alpha-2 9.7 %
2022-11-05 Beta 8.6 %
2022-11-05 Gamma 44.9 %
2022-11-05 M-peak Positive
2022-11-05 A/G Ratio 0.50
2022-11-05 Protein, total 9.0 g/dL
2022-11-05 Albumin 35.3 %
2022-11-05 Alpha-1 2.4 %
2022-11-05 Alpha-2 9.5 %
2022-11-05 Beta 8.5 %
2022-11-05 Gamma 44.3 %
2022-11-05 M-peak Positive
2022-11-05 A/G Ratio 0.50
2022-11-05 IgG/A/M Kappa/Lambda IgG + Lambda chain
2022-11-05 IgE 13.4 IU/mL
2022-11-04 B2-Microglobulin 2800 ng/mL
2022-11-03 IgG (blood) 4374 mg/dL
2022-11-03 IgA 95 mg/dL
2022-11-03 IgM 34.0 mg/dL
2022-11-03 Total protein 9.4 g/dL
[MedRec]
[family meeting minutes prior to ASCT]
On 2023-08-30 at 10:15 in the ward conference room, Dr. Gao chaired a family meeting with the patient and his relatives. Attendees included the patient himself, his wife, and his daughter, while his son joined via phone. Dr. Gao explained the treatment plan, the importance and potential risks of autologous stem cell transplantation as a treatment method, and allowed family members to ask questions freely during the meeting.
Overall, the family seemed supportive, and the patient indicated that he would be willing to use a nasogastric tube if necessary during the transplantation treatment. His daughter asked if mouthwash could alleviate symptoms of oral mucositis, to which Dr. Gao responded that mouthwash could help maintain oral cleanliness but couldn’t completely prevent or mitigate the condition, which is mainly caused by conditioning agents.
After the meeting, some casual conversation with the family revealed that the patient was a chef and had run his own business in the past. After retiring, he assisted with religious services in several temples. He is also a vegetarian and has no objections to the hospital’s food offerings.
[Evomela (melphalan) as conditioning regimen prior to HSCT for multiple myeloma]
The recommended dosing schedule is IV 100 mg/m2 daily for 2 days on day -3 and day -2 prior to autologous stem cell transplantation on day 0. Ref: Hari P, Aljitawi OS, Arce-Lara C, et al. A Phase IIb, Multicenter, Open-Label, Safety, and Efficacy Study of High-Dose, Propylene Glycol-Free Melphalan Hydrochloride for Injection (EVOMELA) for Myeloablative Conditioning in Multiple Myeloma Patients Undergoing Autologous Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2015;21(12):2100-2105. doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.08.026
[MedRec]
[chemotherapy]
In the last three months, all medical records on PharmaCloud are from this hospital. Currently, no medication reconciliation issues have been identified.
(not completed)
[MedRec]
[immunochemotherapy]
On 2023-07-09, the patient refilled her repeat prescription for atenolol and valsartan to manage her primary hypertension. This prescription was originally issued by JingMei Hospital on 2023-06-15. Both medications have been added to the active medication list, and there are no reconciliation issues detected.
[MedRec]
[surgical operation]
[chemotherapy]
[immunochemotherapy]
2023-08-07 - trastuzumab 6mg/kg 330mg NS 250mL 90min (Chang YaoRen)
2023-07-19 - trastuzumab 6mg/kg 330mg NS 250mL 90min (Chang YaoRen)
2023-07-05 - cisplatin 25mg/m2 40mg NS 500mL 2hr + NS 500mL 1hr (after cisplatin) (CDDP QW CCRT) (He JingLiang)
2023-06-28 - trastuzumab 6mg/kg 330mg NS 250mL 90min (Chang YaoRen)
2023-06-21 - cisplatin 25mg/m2 40mg NS 500mL 2hr + NS 500mL 1hr (after cisplatin) (CDDP QW CCRT) (He JingLiang)
2023-06-14 - cisplatin 25mg/m2 40mg NS 500mL 2hr + NS 500mL 1hr (after cisplatin) (CDDP QW CCRT) (He JingLiang)
2023-06-07 - cisplatin 25mg/m2 40mg NS 500mL 2hr + NS 500mL 1hr (after cisplatin) (CDDP QW CCRT) (He JingLiang)
2023-06-07 - trastuzumab 6mg/kg 350mg NS 250mL 90min (Chang YaoRen)
2023-02-10 - trastuzumab deruxtecan 100mg D5W 100mL 90min (light-proofed and filtered) (Enhertu) (Chang YaoRen)
2023-01-27 - trastuzumab deruxtecan 100mg D5W 100mL 90min (light-proofed and filtered) (Enhertu) (Chang YaoRen)
2023-01-12 - trastuzumab deruxtecan 100mg D5W 100mL 90min (light-proofed and filtered) (Enhertu) (Chang YaoRen)
2022-12-29 - trastuzumab deruxtecan 100mg D5W 100mL 90min (light-proofed and filtered) (Enhertu) (Chang YaoRen)
2022-12-07 - trastuzumab 6mg/kg 390mg NS 250mL 90min
2022-11-16 - trastuzumab 6mg/kg 390mg NS 250mL 90min
2022-10-26 - trastuzumab 6mg/kg 390mg NS 250mL 90min
2022-10-05 - trastuzumab 6mg/kg 390mg NS 250mL 90min
2022-09-14 - trastuzumab 6mg/kg 390mg NS 250mL 90min
2022-08-24 - trastuzumab 6mg/kg 390mg NS 250mL 90min
2022-08-03 - trastuzumab 6mg/kg 390mg NS 250mL 90min
2022-07-13 - trastuzumab 6mg/kg 390mg NS 250mL 90min
2022-06-22 - trastuzumab 6mg/kg 390mg NS 250mL 90min
2022-05-25 - trastuzumab 6mg/kg 390mg NS 250mL 90min
2022-05-04 - trastuzumab 6mg/kg 390mg NS 250mL 90min
2023-04-13 - trastuzumab 6mg/kg 390mg NS 250mL 90min
2023-03-23 - trastuzumab 6mg/kg 375mg NS 250mL 90min
2022-03-02 - trastuzumab 6mg/kg 360mg NS 250mL 90min
2022-02-09 - trastuzumab 6mg/kg 360mg NS 250mL 90min
2022-01-19 - trastuzumab 6mg/kg 360mg NS 250mL 90min
2021-12-29
2021-12-08
2021-11-17
2021-10-27
2021-10-06
2021-09-15
2021-08-25
2021-08-04
2021-07-14
2021-06-23
2021-06-02
2021-05-05
2021-04-14
2021-03-24
2021-03-03 - trastuzumab emtansine 230mg NS 250mL 1.5hr
2021-02-10 - trastuzumab emtansine 230mg NS 250mL 1.5hr
2021-01-11
2020-12-21
2020-11-30
2020-11-09
2020-10-19
2020-09-28
2020-09-07
2020-08-17
2020-07-27
2020-07-06
2020-06-22
2020-06-15
2020-06-03
2020-05-27
2020-05-13
2020-05-06
2020-04-22
2020-04-15
2020-04-01 - eribulin 1.4mg/m2 2.4mg NS 50mL 10min
2020-03-25 - trastuzumab 600mg SC 5min + pertuzumab 420mg NS 250mL 1hr + eribulin 1.4mg/m2 2.4mg NS 50mL 10min
2020-03-11 - eribulin 1.4mg/m2 2.4mg NS 50mL 10min
2020-03-04 - trastuzumab 600mg SC 5min + pertuzumab 840mg NS 250mL 1hr + eribulin 1.4mg/m2 2.4mg NS 50mL 10min
2020-02-10 - trastuzumab 600mg SC 5min
2020-01-20 - trastuzumab 600mg SC 5min
[cachexia]
The patient has lost 10 kg in three months, from 63.2 kg on 2023-05-25 to 52.5 kg on 2023-08-11. To combat this significant weight loss, it’s important to improve the patient’s nutritional intake. In the absence of dysphagia, megestrol can be introduced as an appetite stimulant at a suggested dosage of 200 to 600 mg/day to counteract anorexia.
[oral mucotitis]
For oral mucotitis, the introduction of Nincort Oral Gel (triamcinolone) is recommended to relieve discomfort.
[MedRec]
The patient renewed a repeat prescription for insulin degludec, linagliptin, clopidogrel, doxazosin, bisoprolol, pitavastatin, levothyroxine, and ginkgo biloba extract on 2023-08-04. Some of these medications are not listed in the active medication list. Please verify if the unlisted medications are no longer required.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
There are no medication reconciliation issues identified after reviewing the PharmaCloud database and HIS5 records.
[exam findings]
[consultation]
[surgical operation]
[immunochemotherapy]
No medication reconciliation issues were identified after reviewing PharmaCloud and HIS5 records.
The repeat prescription issued by NTUH was refilled on 2023-08-01 and includes Norvasc (amlodipine), Aprovel (irbesartan), Lipitor (atorvastatin), and Xanax (alprazolam). These medications are currently being used with no reconciliation issues identified.
This patient visited NTUH on 2023-06-15 and was prescribed Norvasc (amlodipine), Aprovel (irbesartan), Lipitor (atorvastatin), Xanax (alprazolam) which were refilled at a local pharmacy on 2023-07-03. These drugs are now in the active medication list, no reconciliation issues found.
Upon examining the PharmaCloud database, it appears that access to this patient’s information is currently unavailable, potentially due to lack of authorization. However, a review of the HIS5 medication records indicates that all valid prescriptions were provided by the Hemato-Oncology department. Hence, no medication reconciliation issues have been found.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
This patient received a repeat prescription on 2023-06-28 at NTUH HsinChu Branch and refilled it on 2023-07-20 at a local pharmacy for a 28-day supply of Sennapur (sennoside), Betmiga (mirabegron), Xanax (alprazolam), and Eurodin (estazolam). There is no mirabegron included in the active medication list, please confirm if the drug is no longer needed.
[MedRec]
[MedRec]
[MedRec]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[lab data]
2023-05-19 Anti-HBs 1.62 mIU/mL
2023-05-19 Anti-HCV Nonreactive
2023-05-19 Anti-HCV Value 0.12 S/CO
2023-05-19 HBsAg Reactive
2023-05-19 HBsAg (Value) 3220.93 S/CO
2023-05-19 Anti-HBc Reactive
2023-05-19 Anti-HBc-Value 8.80 S/CO
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
No reconciliation issues found after reviewing PharmaCloud and HIS5 records.
As of 2023-05-19, the patient has tested reactive for Anti-HBc. Baraclude (entecavir 0.5mg) 1# QDAC has been appropriately prescribed. The patient’s vital signs are currently stable and there are no issues with the active prescription.
[exam findings]
[consultation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
After reviewing the PharmaCloud database and in-hospital HIS5 records, no medication reconciliation issues were identified.
[diagnosis] - 2023-03-22 discharge note
[past history] - 2023-04-05 admission note
[allergy]
[family history]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
[consultation]
2023-08-11 Radiation Oncology
2023-08-11 Family Medicine
2023-08-11 Ear Nose Throat
2023-04-07 Infectious Disease
2023-04-07 Chest Medicine
2023-04-07 Cardiology
2023-02-22 Vascular Surgery
[chemotherapy]
[tube feeding: Detrusitol SR (tolterodine), Valcyte F.C (valganciclovir)]
Based on the information for Valcyte F.C (valganciclovir), the drug should not be crushed for tube feeding because animal data suggests that valganciclovir has the potential to be carcinogenic in humans. As this hospital does not have access to foscarnet or cidofovir, and ganciclovir shares a similar potential carcinogenic risk, it seems that continuing with Valcyte for tube feeding is the only option at this stage.
Detrusitol SR (tolterodine) is an extended-release capsule, and crushing it for tube feeding could compromise its prolonged-release properties. This could result in a more pronounced fluctuation in its concentration in the bloodstream, potentially affecting its therapeutic efficacy. All other in-hospital available drugs within the same class as tolterodine, such as Urotrol F.C (propiverine 15mg), Oxbu ER (oxybutynin 5mg), Vesicare F.C (solifenacin 5mg), and Betmiga (mirabegron 50mg), are designed as film-coated or extended-release. It might be beneficial to divide the dosage of Detrusitol into two administrations per day to stabilize the concentration in the bloodstream for tube feeding.
Patients undergoing treatment with immunosuppressive drugs are at an increased risk of developing Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). This risk is particularly heightened in patients who are receiving glucocorticoids in combination with cytotoxic agents such as cyclophosphamide, and in those receiving multiple chemotherapeutic agents, especially during periods of leukopenia. As a measure against PCP, the patient has been prescribed Morcasin (containing trimethoprim 80mg and sulfamethoxazole 400mg, also known as TMP-SMX). Given that the patient doesn’t show signs of renal insufficiency (based on 2023-05-15 lab data), there is no need for a dose adjustment.
Lab data reveals that the patient’s CMV viral load, which had peaked at 803 IU/mL on 2023-05-02, has now decreased to less than 35 IU/mL as of today, 2023-05-15. Valganciclovir, the active ingredient in Valcyte, is an oral prodrug that is rapidly converted into ganciclovir, a substance instrumental in the treatment and prevention of CMV infections in immunocompromised hosts. The marked decrease in CMV viral load suggests that the prescribed Valcyte is effectively managing the CMV infection.
As per the PharmaCloud records, all of the patient’s recent medications have been prescribed by our hospital, and no issues related to medication reconciliation have been identified.
2023-04-05 lab data showed elevated CRP, NT-proBNP, hs-Troponin I, D-dimer, as well as hyponatremia, leukopenia and anemia. Liver and kidney functions were normal. Cardiologist has been consulted.
Pneumonia with exaggerated dyspnea and hypoxemia was observed on admission; planned chemotherapy is withheld until respiratory symptoms resolve. Brosym (cefoperazone + sulbactam) has been prescribed since the day the patient was admitted.
Rivaroxaban and amlodipine have been prescribed properly as self-carried items with no medication reconciliation issues.
[exam findings]
[consultation]
[chemoimmunotherapy]
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
2023-08-10 SOAP Radiation Oncology
2023-08-02 SOAP Hemato-Oncology Xia HeXiong
2023-07-27 SOAP Hemato-Oncology Gao WeiYao
2023-07-27 SOAP Radiation Oncology
2023-07-19 ~ 2023-07-20 POMR Gastroenterology
2023-07-04 SOAP Hemato-Oncology Gao WeiYao
2023-07-04 SOAP Radiation Oncology
2023-06-21 SOAP Cardiology
2023-06-20 SOAP Metabolism and Endocrinology
[consultation]
[radiotherapy]
[chemotherapy]
[reconciliation]
A repeat prescription was issued by our cardiologist on 2023-06-21 and was refilled on 2023-08-06 for Algitab (alginic acid, MgCO3, Al(OH)3), Eurodin (estazolam), Concor (bisoprolol), and Sevikar (amlodipine 5mg, olmesartan 20mg). All of these refilled drugs, except for Algitab, have been included in the formulary. Please confirm whether Algitab is still necessary for the patient.
[FDG-PET/CT in detecting cancers with unknown primary site depends on histological subtype]
On 2023-07-20, the pathologic analysis results of the liver biopsy needle/wedge did not reveal any evidence of hepatocytic or cholangiocytic differentiation based on ICH staining. Therefore, the primary origin of the condition remains unidentified. An article titled “The usefulness of FDG-PET/CT in detecting and managing cancers with unknown primary site depends on histological subtype. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):17732. Published 2021 Sep 6” highlighted the following key points:
In light of this, the use of PET could be an optional tool to help identify the origin of the biopsy liver lesion.
[diagnosis] - 2023-05-02 admission note
[past history]
Medical history: - Hypertension under Losa & hydro control for more than ten years - Type 2 diabetes mellitus under Dibose and Trajenta contro for two months - Hypothyrodism without medical control for over three years. - Hyperlipidemia with Zulitor F.C 4mg 0.5# po QD - Cerebral atherosclerosis with Plavix F.C 75mg 1# po QD
Surgical history: - Left knee osteoarthritis status post left total knee replacement on 2016. - Gastric perforation status post Billroth II for many years.
[allergy]
[family history]
[exam findings]
[consultation]
[MedRec]
[chemoimmunotherapy]
Revised Edition of Hematologic Oncology Chemotherapy Drug Prescription (in hospital regimen collection, version 2022-07-04)
Rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP21) for non-Hodgkin lymphoma 2023-06-06 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=ONC%2F63586&topicKey=HEME%2F4729
Cycle length: 21 days.
Regimen
Pretreatment considerations:
Monitoring parameters:
Suggested dose modifications for toxicity:
Older patients with DLBCL generally have a worse prognosis compared to younger patients due, in part, to more comorbid conditions and lower treatment tolerance. 2023-06-06 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/initial-treatment-of-advanced-stage-diffuse-large-b-cell-lymphoma
Our endocrinologist wrote a repeat prescription for Zulitor (pitavastatin), Trajenta (linagliptin 5mg) and Dibose (acarbose 100mg) on 2023-08-02 and the drugs are included in the formulary with no reconciliation issue identified.
On 2023-06-08, our neurologist issued a refillable prescription for Plavix (clopidogrel) and diphenidol, and on 2023-06-23, our otolaryngologist prescribed Strocain (oxethazaine polymigel), Acetal (acetaminophen), and cephalexin. Apart from diphenidol, which is no longer necessary due to the resolution of vertigo, all other validly prescribed drugs mentioned have been incorporated into the active medication list without any reconciliation issues.
This patient visited local medical doctor on 2023-05-26, 2023-05-28, 2023-05-29, 2023-05-30, 2023-06-01, 2023-06-04 for her myositis, functional dyspepsia, acute upper respiratory infection, and prescribed acetaminophen, diazepam, loratadine and opium derivatives. for each a short 3-day valid prescription. These symptoms are generally covered in current medical problem list and managed with corresponding same or similar therapeutic class medications. No medication reconciliation issues identified.
Given that this patient has been diagnosed with myositis and dyspepsia that have persisted for months according to the PharmaCloud database, it’s plausible that these could be indicative of statin-induced muscle side effects. Clinical experience suggests that a change in dosing frequency, such as alternate day dosing, may improve statin tolerability in patients experiencing adverse effects such as myalgia. This strategy is particularly beneficial for patients who cannot tolerate daily statin therapy. In addition, alternate-day statin therapy is also considered a cost-effective method to improve drug utilization (Ref: Efficacy and Safety of Alternate-Day Versus Daily Dosing of Statins: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2017;31(4):419-431). Considering the information from these studies and the fact that the laboratory data indicate an improvement in the patient’s hyperlipidemia, it is recommended that the administration of Zulitor be changed from 0.5# QD to 0.5# QOD.
Due to the patient’s advanced age, R-miniCHOP (a dose-reduced version of R-CHOP with reduced amounts of cyclophosphamide and vincristine) was selected as treatment starting on 2023-03-31. One episode of leukopenia was observed (1.56K/uL on 2023-04-12) and was alleviated with two consecutive days of Granocyte (lenograstim) administration. Please monitor for recurrence of leukopenia after this 2nd dose of R-miniCHOP.
Beta-2 microglobulin (b2M) is a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule found on the surface of nearly all nucleated cells in the body. Cells with a high turnover rate, such as immune cells and cancer cells, tend to produce and express higher levels of b2M on their surface. In non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, cancer cells may also have elevated levels of b2M. The elevated levels of b2M observed around the trough of leukopenia may indicate the destruction of cancerous B cells.
Lab data showed that levels above the ULN are associated with type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Dibose (acarbose), Trajenta (linagliptin) and Zulitor (pitavastatin) are currently appropriately prescribed.
The patient’s cerebral atherosclerosis is treated with Plavix (clopidogrel) and her hepatitis B is treated with Baraclude (entecavir) without an issue.
Hypothyroidism is listed as a diagnosis for the patient, but there is no corresponding medication prescribed currently. The serum free T4 level on 2023-03-17 was 0.57 ng/dL, which is slightly below the normal range. It is recommended to reevaluate the patient’s condition and consider prescribing appropriate medication, such as levothyroxine, if necessary to manage her hypothyroidism.
[drug identification]
The three requested drugs have been identified as follows:
An in-hospital porter will be sent to deliver these medications to the patient’s ward.
[exam findings]
[MedRec]
2023-07-10 SOAP Colorectal Surgery
2020-06-16 SOAP Metabolism and Endocrinology
2018-12-04 SOAP Colorectal Surgery
2018-11-05 SOAP Colorectal Surgery
2017-03-06 SOAP Metabolism and Endocrinology
[chemotherapy]
On 2023-08-01, this patient obtained a 28-day supply of metformin, repaglinide, bisoprolol, olmesartan, and pitavastatin from Cheng Hsin General Hospital. It is noted that GLP-1 agonist (such as semaglutide) and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (like pitavastatin) are not currently listed in the active medication profile. It is advisable to closely observe the patient’s blood lipid and blood sugar levels to determine whether these medications or similar drugs within the same therapeutic class are necessary for his ongoing treatment.